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奥运经济冲击模型研究
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摘要
《奥运经济冲击模型研究》旨在把复杂适应系统理论的最新进展应用到奥运经济冲击问题的研究中。
    经济学家针对不同的经济冲击类型以及传导机制进行了大量的研究。由于受传统的经济建模理论的影响,他们所采用的是基于动力学理论的建模方法。这些基于统计回归总量分析的经济冲击模型,并不能说明经济冲击是如何作用在构成经济系统的诸多经济主体上。因此,并不能很好解释经济冲击的传导机制。
    近年来复杂适应系统理论的发展为宏观经济冲击问题的研究提出了一个较为清晰的解决方法。经济系统依照主体之间以及主体与环境之间的交互作用涌现出宏观经济整体的演化过程,宏观经济冲击直接作用在主体和环境上,它们的交互作用关系的变化导致了宏观经济整体演化过程规律性的改变。因此,复杂适应系统理论对解释宏观经济冲击的内在机理具有独特的优势。
    2008年北京举办奥运会,为奥运而来的游客将形成一股巨大的客流量,产生巨大的奥运特需,这个奥运特需很重要的方面体现在对第三产业的需求上。这种需求不仅会促进北京基础设施的建设,而且会拉动相关产业的发展。但是奥运也存在着负面效应,即出现所谓的“低谷效应”,导致经济波动的产生。削弱这些负面效应的影响是奥运经济冲击模型研究要解决的主要问题。本文的主要研究内容包括:
    1) 针对产业组织与游客的动态对策关系,建立基于智能体的产业结构可计算模型。
    2) 基于复杂适应系统理论的可计算模型,建立奥运经济冲击模型。
    3) 应用Swarm仿真语言构建奥运经济冲击人工实验平台。
    4) 对奥运经济冲击作用以及相应采取的策略对经济产生的影响进行分析,为政府决策提供理论依据。
    
    
    论文侧重于对奥运经济冲击系统中动态对策特征的提取,建立基于多智能体的可计算模型。Luna(2000)把动态博弈关系中对策双方的不可知性特征的数学映象应用到市场供需关系模型中,为产业组织和游客动态对策关系的可计算模型的建立提供了新的思路和方法。
    通过改变和调整奥运经济冲击人工实验平台的仿真参数,我们可以观测在不同的假设条件下,体育、文化、旅游三大主动性产业的产值变化、产业资源消耗以及游客需求满足情况,可以为政府提供决策支持。
《Study on Olympic Economic Shock Model》 aims at applying the complex adaptive system theory and the last progress in the study of Olympic economic shock.
    Economists made a flood of researches on different types of economic shock and conduct mechanism. Because of influenced by traditional economic theories, they adopted modeling methods based on dynamics. These models based on statistical gross analysis cannot explain how economic shock impacts on economic agents. Therefore, they can't exactly explain conduct mechanism of shock.
    In recent years, developments of the complex adaptive system theory put forward a clear method of solution for the study of macroeconomic shock. The evolving process of macroeconomic emerges from the economic system according to the interaction among agents and environment. Macroeconomic shock impacts directly on agents and environment, and then the change of their interaction relation induces the regular change of the whole evolving process of macroeconomic. Therefore, the complex adaptive system theory has particular advantage on explaining the inherent mechanism of macroeconomic shock.
    Olympic Games will bring an enormous number of tourists and create a great and special Olympic demand, especially for third industries. These demands will accelerate basic capital construction and develop related industries. But it will also bring negative effects, i.e., create downturn and result in economic fluctuate. The main problem of study on Olympic economic shock model is to weaken its negative effects. The main work is summarized as follows:
    To build a computational industrial structure model based on agents aiming at dynamic game relation between industrial structures and
    
    1) tourists.
    2) To establish an Olympic economic shock model based on computational model of the complex adaptive system theory.
    3) To build an artificial experimental platform via Swarm.
    4) To analyze Olympic impact and strategies' effects on economy, then provide theory foundation for decision-making.
    This paper emphasizes particularly on distilling characters of dynamic game in the Olympic economic shock system and builds a computational model based on agents. Francessco Luna(2000) applied mathematical mapping of unknowable character of dynamic game relation in the market supply and demand relation model, provides a new idea and method for building a computational model of dynamic game relation between industrial structures and tourists.
    We can observe some things, such as outputs changes of three active industries including gym industry, culture industry and tourism, situations about industries' resources consume and tourists' demands satisfaction under different hypotheses through regulating and changing simulation parameters of Olympic economic shock artificial experimental platform.
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