欧美山杨杂种愈伤组织再生系统的建立及体细胞无性系变异的分析
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摘要
本文以欧美山杨杂种(Populus tremula×P．tremuloides)20个优良无性系为研究材料，取叶片、叶柄、茎段作为外植体，用WPM、NT、IS、MS加入不同生长调节物质作为培养基，对欧美山杨杂种愈伤组织再生途径的快繁系统进行了研究，同时对其再生植株的染色体进行统计，对基因组DNA变异进行AFLP分析，所得结果如下：
1、确定愈伤组织再生途径快繁的最适培养基为：WPM+1.0 mg／L 6-BA+(0.1～0.5)mg／L NAA+2％蔗糖，40天，可经愈伤组织分化形成不定芽，分化率为98.33％。
2、确定诱导欧美山杨杂种直接形成不定芽快繁的最适培养基为：WPM+1.0 mg／L6-BA+2％蔗糖，能快速出芽(20天)，形成的不定芽量大，出芽率为92％。从而解决了老龄欧美山杨杂种不易诱导分化的问题。
3、不同生长调节物质诱导的再生植株染色体数量均发生不同程度的变化，6-BA诱导直接出芽的植株染色体数目变异较小；与6-BA相比，2，4-D诱导后的再生植株不但使染色体数目发生变异，而且也使染色体形态发生变异。
4、筛选出适于欧美山杨杂种AFLP分析的12对引物。完善了适合于欧美山杨杂种总DNA多态性分析的AFLP技术
5、6-BA和2，4-D所诱导的再生植株表现出不同程度的DNA多态性：2，4-D诱导后的再生植株共检出3457个AFLP片段，其中多态性片段895个，占25.89％；6-BA诱导直接出芽植株共检测出2867个AFLP片断，其中多态性片段565个，占19.71％。
6、再生植株的AFLP多态性与培养时间有关。随培养时间的增加，AFLP多态性也会明显增加。
7、经过再生植株的染色体数量和DNA变异的AFLP分析，筛选出WPM+1.0 mg／L6-BA培养基是诱导欧美山杨杂种高效快繁、后代变异小的培养基。
In this paper, the leaves, petioles and stems of 20 clones of Populus tremula ×P tremuloides were cultured on WPM, NT, IS, and MS media supplemented with different growth regulators, respectively. A rapid regeneration system was developed via the establisment of callus, the ploidy of regenerated plantlets from calli was surveyed, and the AFLP polymorphism of genome DNA of calli and the regenerated plantlets from calli were performed. The conclusions were as follows:
1. The medium WPM+ 1.0 mg/L 6-BA +(0.1-0.5) mg/L NAA+2% sucrose was the most suitable medium for the induction of calli of Populus tremula X P. tremuloides. Adventitious buds could form from calli cultured on this medium, with a differentiation rate of 98.33%.
2.The medium WPM+6-BA (1.0 mg/L) +2% sucrose was the most suitable medium for the induction of adventitious buds of Populus tremula X P. tremuloides. Explants of this old hybride aspen, cultured under this condition, were easy to differentiate and form adventitious buds.
3. Effects of different growth regulators on regenerated plantlet were different. The variation of chromonsome number of regenerated plantlets induced by 6-BA was smaller than that induced by 2,4-D. The shape of chromonsome was changed in the regenerated plantlets induced by 2,4-D.
4. 12 pairs of primer wer screened for AFLP of Populus tremula ×P. tremuloides genomic DNA. AFLP technique was improved to make it suitable for polymorphism analysis of Populus tremula X P tremuloides genomic DNA.
5.The AFLP polymorphisms between the regenerated plantlets induced by 6-BA and 2,4-D were different. Among the plantlets induced by 2,4-D, total 3457 fragments were detected, and 895 of them were polymorphism, accounting for 25.89%. While 2867, 565 and 19.71% induced by 6-BA.
6. The AFLP polymorphism was related to the culture time. With the increase of culture time, the AFLP polymorphism was increased significantly.
7. Medium WPM supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA was the right medium for rapid propagation of Populus tremula ×R tremuloides with small variation in tissue culture.
1、确定愈伤组织再生途径快繁的最适培养基为：WPM+1.0 mg／L 6-BA+(0.1～0.5)mg／L NAA+2％蔗糖，40天，可经愈伤组织分化形成不定芽，分化率为98.33％。
2、确定诱导欧美山杨杂种直接形成不定芽快繁的最适培养基为：WPM+1.0 mg／L6-BA+2％蔗糖，能快速出芽(20天)，形成的不定芽量大，出芽率为92％。从而解决了老龄欧美山杨杂种不易诱导分化的问题。
3、不同生长调节物质诱导的再生植株染色体数量均发生不同程度的变化，6-BA诱导直接出芽的植株染色体数目变异较小；与6-BA相比，2，4-D诱导后的再生植株不但使染色体数目发生变异，而且也使染色体形态发生变异。
4、筛选出适于欧美山杨杂种AFLP分析的12对引物。完善了适合于欧美山杨杂种总DNA多态性分析的AFLP技术
5、6-BA和2，4-D所诱导的再生植株表现出不同程度的DNA多态性：2，4-D诱导后的再生植株共检出3457个AFLP片段，其中多态性片段895个，占25.89％；6-BA诱导直接出芽植株共检测出2867个AFLP片断，其中多态性片段565个，占19.71％。
6、再生植株的AFLP多态性与培养时间有关。随培养时间的增加，AFLP多态性也会明显增加。
7、经过再生植株的染色体数量和DNA变异的AFLP分析，筛选出WPM+1.0 mg／L6-BA培养基是诱导欧美山杨杂种高效快繁、后代变异小的培养基。
In this paper, the leaves, petioles and stems of 20 clones of Populus tremula ×P tremuloides were cultured on WPM, NT, IS, and MS media supplemented with different growth regulators, respectively. A rapid regeneration system was developed via the establisment of callus, the ploidy of regenerated plantlets from calli was surveyed, and the AFLP polymorphism of genome DNA of calli and the regenerated plantlets from calli were performed. The conclusions were as follows:
1. The medium WPM+ 1.0 mg/L 6-BA +(0.1-0.5) mg/L NAA+2% sucrose was the most suitable medium for the induction of calli of Populus tremula X P. tremuloides. Adventitious buds could form from calli cultured on this medium, with a differentiation rate of 98.33%.
2.The medium WPM+6-BA (1.0 mg/L) +2% sucrose was the most suitable medium for the induction of adventitious buds of Populus tremula X P. tremuloides. Explants of this old hybride aspen, cultured under this condition, were easy to differentiate and form adventitious buds.
3. Effects of different growth regulators on regenerated plantlet were different. The variation of chromonsome number of regenerated plantlets induced by 6-BA was smaller than that induced by 2,4-D. The shape of chromonsome was changed in the regenerated plantlets induced by 2,4-D.
4. 12 pairs of primer wer screened for AFLP of Populus tremula ×P. tremuloides genomic DNA. AFLP technique was improved to make it suitable for polymorphism analysis of Populus tremula X P tremuloides genomic DNA.
5.The AFLP polymorphisms between the regenerated plantlets induced by 6-BA and 2,4-D were different. Among the plantlets induced by 2,4-D, total 3457 fragments were detected, and 895 of them were polymorphism, accounting for 25.89%. While 2867, 565 and 19.71% induced by 6-BA.
6. The AFLP polymorphism was related to the culture time. With the increase of culture time, the AFLP polymorphism was increased significantly.
7. Medium WPM supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA was the right medium for rapid propagation of Populus tremula ×R tremuloides with small variation in tissue culture.
引文
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