多层住宅钢结构桁架体系研究
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摘要
笔者在对比借鉴现有结构体系的基础上构思出一种新型桁架体系，用以作为结构的承重体系和横向抗侧体系。这种桁架体系的特点是各层桁架相对独立，桁架层间有短柱段。本论文以一梯两户跃层式多层住宅的一种典型平面布置为依托，以构思该住宅结构体系设计的方式，对这种桁架体系的受力性能、设计难点和应用于该结构体系的压型钢板—混凝土组合楼盖的设计进行了深入分析，对结构采用的连接、墙体和防火防腐措施进行了简单讨论。
在桁架体系设计中，笔者主要分析了桁架体系的选型思路；提出了桁架体系的设计难点，并给出了解决方案；分析了柱子约束对桁架弦杆受力的影响，并给出了在手算桁架体系杆件受力时所需要的弦杆内力修正系数。本章分析结果表明，笔者构思的桁架体系具有优于梁—柱框架体系和承重墙体系的受力性能，适合工厂标准化制作和批量化生产。
在组合楼盖体系设计中，笔者通过对中、美两国规范、规程的对比，对在中国规范、规程中未曾明确提出却需要在组合楼盖设计中加以考虑的一些因素进行了说明，其中最主要的是压型钢板的选型依据和焊钉抗剪承载力的影响因素。在组合楼盖体系设计中，笔者指出，可能的桁架弦杆剪力会使作为桁架弦杆侧向支承的梁由弯曲构件变为压弯构件，这是在与桁架体系相适应的楼盖体系设计中应该注意的一个环节。本章分析结果表明，在大跨度梁的设计中采用组合梁设计能够有效降低楼盖高度。
在连接设计中，笔者主要讨论了连接设计的荷载标准和连接性能的判别标准，给出了适用于该结构体系的一些典型节点构造。
基于对住宅体系完整性的考虑，笔者简单分析介绍了适合于该体系的墙体做法和结构防火防腐
In this paper, a new truss system is designed based on structural systems in use that is used to resist vertical and lateral loads. The trait of the new truss system is that the truss is independent each other and so there is a short pole between truss. In this paper, based on a typical plan arrangement of two-user-on-one-storey and leap storey type multi-story house, the mechanical behaviours of the truss system, the difficulties in designing the truss system and the design of composite floor system is deeply analysed; the connection design, fire proofing and corrosion protection used in this structure system are briefly introduced.
Among the design of the truss system, it is deeply analyzed that the thought of choosing truss system type, the difficulties in designing truss system and their solutions, the constrain of column to truss chord deformation and the chord modified coefficients used in this case. As a result，we find that the mechanical behaviors of truss system is better than that of frame system or wall system, and the truss system is fit for standardized manufacture and industrialized produce.
Via comparing Chinese specification with AISC specification, some important factors that must involve in the design of floor system consisting of composite slab and composite beam are complemented. The two most important is the shape of formed steel deck that can be used in composite slab and the design shear strength of welded stud shear connectors. The possible shear of the upper chord will change beam from flexural member to member under flexure and compression force. This is emphasised through design example. As a result，we find that composite floor system is good for reducing the height of floor system.
Among the design of the truss system, it is discussed that the measure of the forces in connection design and the measure of the mechanical behaviors of connections.
For the sake of the integrality of a whole structural system, it is briefly introduced that the design of wall, fire proofing and corrosion protection used in this structure system
在桁架体系设计中，笔者主要分析了桁架体系的选型思路；提出了桁架体系的设计难点，并给出了解决方案；分析了柱子约束对桁架弦杆受力的影响，并给出了在手算桁架体系杆件受力时所需要的弦杆内力修正系数。本章分析结果表明，笔者构思的桁架体系具有优于梁—柱框架体系和承重墙体系的受力性能，适合工厂标准化制作和批量化生产。
在组合楼盖体系设计中，笔者通过对中、美两国规范、规程的对比，对在中国规范、规程中未曾明确提出却需要在组合楼盖设计中加以考虑的一些因素进行了说明，其中最主要的是压型钢板的选型依据和焊钉抗剪承载力的影响因素。在组合楼盖体系设计中，笔者指出，可能的桁架弦杆剪力会使作为桁架弦杆侧向支承的梁由弯曲构件变为压弯构件，这是在与桁架体系相适应的楼盖体系设计中应该注意的一个环节。本章分析结果表明，在大跨度梁的设计中采用组合梁设计能够有效降低楼盖高度。
在连接设计中，笔者主要讨论了连接设计的荷载标准和连接性能的判别标准，给出了适用于该结构体系的一些典型节点构造。
基于对住宅体系完整性的考虑，笔者简单分析介绍了适合于该体系的墙体做法和结构防火防腐
In this paper, a new truss system is designed based on structural systems in use that is used to resist vertical and lateral loads. The trait of the new truss system is that the truss is independent each other and so there is a short pole between truss. In this paper, based on a typical plan arrangement of two-user-on-one-storey and leap storey type multi-story house, the mechanical behaviours of the truss system, the difficulties in designing the truss system and the design of composite floor system is deeply analysed; the connection design, fire proofing and corrosion protection used in this structure system are briefly introduced.
Among the design of the truss system, it is deeply analyzed that the thought of choosing truss system type, the difficulties in designing truss system and their solutions, the constrain of column to truss chord deformation and the chord modified coefficients used in this case. As a result，we find that the mechanical behaviors of truss system is better than that of frame system or wall system, and the truss system is fit for standardized manufacture and industrialized produce.
Via comparing Chinese specification with AISC specification, some important factors that must involve in the design of floor system consisting of composite slab and composite beam are complemented. The two most important is the shape of formed steel deck that can be used in composite slab and the design shear strength of welded stud shear connectors. The possible shear of the upper chord will change beam from flexural member to member under flexure and compression force. This is emphasised through design example. As a result，we find that composite floor system is good for reducing the height of floor system.
Among the design of the truss system, it is discussed that the measure of the forces in connection design and the measure of the mechanical behaviors of connections.
For the sake of the integrality of a whole structural system, it is briefly introduced that the design of wall, fire proofing and corrosion protection used in this structure system
引文
[1] 马树新，曹涵棻．关于广泛开展钢结构建筑设计的建议．建筑学报，2000,10
[2] 舒赣平等．轻钢住宅结构体系及其应用．工业建筑，2001,31（8）
[3] 刘大海、杨翠如．高层建筑结构方案优选．中国建筑工业出版社，1996,6
[4] 张跃峰．低层居住建筑中的轻钢龙骨体系．钢结构，2001,2
[5]（美）本格尼?S?塔拉纳特著，罗福午等译．高层建筑钢 混凝土 组合结构设计（第二版）．中国建筑工业出版社，1999
[6]（美）林同炎、S.D.斯多台斯伯利著，高立人等译．结构概念和体系（第二版）．中国建筑工业出版社，2001
[7] 魏明钟主编．钢结构．武汉工业大学出版社，2000.8
[8] 魏明钟．钢结构设计新规范应用评讲．建筑结构，2002,32(2)
[9]《轻型钢结构设计规程-上海市标准》（DBJ08-68-97）
[10] LRFD99.AISC
[11] GB50045-95《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》
[12]《钢结构设计规范》（GBJ 17-88）
[13]《混凝土结构设计规范》（GB50010-2002）
[14]（美）陈惠发著，周绥平译．钢框架稳定设计．上海世界图书出版公司，1999
[15] 王燕，彭福明，赵桂明．钢框架梁柱半刚性接点在循环荷栽作用下的试验研究．工业建筑，2000,31(12)
[16] 杨尉彪，高小旺等．高层建筑钢结构梁柱节点试验研究．建筑结构，2001,31(8)
[17] 陈宏，石永久等．钢框架梁柱节点受力性能的非线性分析．工业建筑，2001,31(5)
[18] 黎永，龚坚，杨有根．钢框架加腋刚性节点的抗震设计．建筑技术开发，2002,29(4)
[19] Chasten，C．P．，et al．，Prying and Shear in End plate Connection Design，J．Struct．Engrg．，118，5，1992，pp．1295~1311
[20] 李启才，陈绍蕃，王万祯．钢梁螺栓拼接设计方法的分析与建议．建筑结构，2002,32(2)
[21] Miller Duane K．Learned from the Northridge Earthquake．Engineering Structures，1998，20（4~6）：249~260
[22] Chen W F，Yamaguchi E．Spotlight on Steel Moment Frame．Civil Engineering，1996，3：44~46
[23] Aine Brazil，PE．Staggered truss system proves economical for hotels．Modern Steel Construction，2000，（9）
[24] Chen G．Trahair，N．S．Inelastic Torsional Buckling Strength of Cruciform Columns，
Engrg．Structure．16，2，1990，pp．83~90
[25] Plum，C．M．Svensson，S．E．，J．Struct．Engrg．，119，10，1993，pp．2855~2870
[26] Essa，H．S．Kennedy，D．J．L．，J．Struct．Engrg．，120，9，1994，pp．2623~2636
[27] Galambos，T．V．ed．，Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structure，4th，Ed．，John Wiley & Sons，1988
[28] Ballio，G．，Mazzolani，F．M．，The Theory and Design of Steel Structure，Chapman and Hall，1983．p．165
[29] 高光虎．多高层轻型钢结构住宅设计．建筑结构，2001,31(8)
[30] 袁凤林．钢结构防火保护的一种新型板材．建筑结构，2001,31(8)
[31] 孙维理，郑修慷．轻质绿色建材－ＡＬＣ板．工业建筑，2001,31(8)
[32] 张志远．钢结构表面防腐新技术－热喷涂锌、铝涂层技术．工业建筑，2000,30(1)
[2] 舒赣平等．轻钢住宅结构体系及其应用．工业建筑，2001,31（8）
[3] 刘大海、杨翠如．高层建筑结构方案优选．中国建筑工业出版社，1996,6
[4] 张跃峰．低层居住建筑中的轻钢龙骨体系．钢结构，2001,2
[5]（美）本格尼?S?塔拉纳特著，罗福午等译．高层建筑钢 混凝土 组合结构设计（第二版）．中国建筑工业出版社，1999
[6]（美）林同炎、S.D.斯多台斯伯利著，高立人等译．结构概念和体系（第二版）．中国建筑工业出版社，2001
[7] 魏明钟主编．钢结构．武汉工业大学出版社，2000.8
[8] 魏明钟．钢结构设计新规范应用评讲．建筑结构，2002,32(2)
[9]《轻型钢结构设计规程-上海市标准》（DBJ08-68-97）
[10] LRFD99.AISC
[11] GB50045-95《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》
[12]《钢结构设计规范》（GBJ 17-88）
[13]《混凝土结构设计规范》（GB50010-2002）
[14]（美）陈惠发著，周绥平译．钢框架稳定设计．上海世界图书出版公司，1999
[15] 王燕，彭福明，赵桂明．钢框架梁柱半刚性接点在循环荷栽作用下的试验研究．工业建筑，2000,31(12)
[16] 杨尉彪，高小旺等．高层建筑钢结构梁柱节点试验研究．建筑结构，2001,31(8)
[17] 陈宏，石永久等．钢框架梁柱节点受力性能的非线性分析．工业建筑，2001,31(5)
[18] 黎永，龚坚，杨有根．钢框架加腋刚性节点的抗震设计．建筑技术开发，2002,29(4)
[19] Chasten，C．P．，et al．，Prying and Shear in End plate Connection Design，J．Struct．Engrg．，118，5，1992，pp．1295~1311
[20] 李启才，陈绍蕃，王万祯．钢梁螺栓拼接设计方法的分析与建议．建筑结构，2002,32(2)
[21] Miller Duane K．Learned from the Northridge Earthquake．Engineering Structures，1998，20（4~6）：249~260
[22] Chen W F，Yamaguchi E．Spotlight on Steel Moment Frame．Civil Engineering，1996，3：44~46
[23] Aine Brazil，PE．Staggered truss system proves economical for hotels．Modern Steel Construction，2000，（9）
[24] Chen G．Trahair，N．S．Inelastic Torsional Buckling Strength of Cruciform Columns，
Engrg．Structure．16，2，1990，pp．83~90
[25] Plum，C．M．Svensson，S．E．，J．Struct．Engrg．，119，10，1993，pp．2855~2870
[26] Essa，H．S．Kennedy，D．J．L．，J．Struct．Engrg．，120，9，1994，pp．2623~2636
[27] Galambos，T．V．ed．，Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structure，4th，Ed．，John Wiley & Sons，1988
[28] Ballio，G．，Mazzolani，F．M．，The Theory and Design of Steel Structure，Chapman and Hall，1983．p．165
[29] 高光虎．多高层轻型钢结构住宅设计．建筑结构，2001,31(8)
[30] 袁凤林．钢结构防火保护的一种新型板材．建筑结构，2001,31(8)
[31] 孙维理，郑修慷．轻质绿色建材－ＡＬＣ板．工业建筑，2001,31(8)
[32] 张志远．钢结构表面防腐新技术－热喷涂锌、铝涂层技术．工业建筑，2000,30(1)