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益生素对异育银鲫消化酶活性、肠道菌群及生产性能的影响
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摘要
本试验以异育银鲫鱼种为研究对象,在基础日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌及低聚木糖探讨对异育银鲫消化酶活性、肠道菌群及其生产性能的影响,为地衣芽孢杆菌与低聚木糖在水产养殖业中的应用提供指导和进一步深入研究提供理论依据。
     试验一 地衣芽孢杆菌对异育银鲫消化道与肝胰脏酶活性、生产性能的影响
     本试验选用375尾异育银鲫,随机分成五组,第一组为对照组,其余为试验组,每组设三个重复。在基础日粮中分别添加0、0.1‰、0.2‰、0.3‰、0.4‰的地衣芽孢杆菌,饲养127天,分别测定鱼体的生长,干物质表现消化率,肠道、食糜、肝胰脏的蛋白酶与淀粉酶活性,肠道(含食糜)植酸酶及肝体比。结果表明:地衣芽孢杆菌在异育银鲫鱼种的最适添加量为0.2‰-0.3‰。与对照组相比,添加0.2‰、0.3‰地衣芽孢杆菌增重率、饵料系数差异显著(P<0.05),其增重率分别提高了13.14%、17.38%;饵料系数分别下降了8.68%、14.21%;添加0.4‰地衣芽孢杆菌增重率差异不显著(P>0.05),但饵料系数与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),下降了10.00%,其它组差异不显著。后续试验表明添加0.4‰地衣芽孢杆菌增重率表现出显著差异(P<0.05),其增重率提高了54.18%,其它组差异不显著(P>0.05)。
     与对照组相比,添加0.2‰、0.3‰地衣芽孢杆菌干物质、粗蛋白及磷的表现消化率差异显著(P<0.05),分别提高了6.72%、6.76%和5.61%、4.24%和37.63%、35.03%,而添加0.1‰、0.4‰地衣芽孢杆菌三者表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。
     与对照组相比,添加0.2‰、0.3‰地衣芽孢杆菌食糜蛋白酶与淀粉酶活性差异显著(P<0.05),其蛋白酶活性分别提高了120.16%、138.01%;食糜淀粉酶活性分别提高了41.08%、40.71%;添加0.4‰地衣芽孢杆菌食糜淀粉酶活性比对照组提高了32.02%(P<0.05);添加0.2‰、0.3‰、0.4‰的地衣芽孢杆菌组肠道蛋白酶差异显著(P<0.05),其蛋白酶活性分别提高了95.80%、142.76%和157.52%;添加地衣芽孢杆菌对肠道淀粉酶和肝胰脏蛋白酶活性无显著性影响(P>0.05),但是肝胰脏淀粉酶活性显著性降低(P<0.05),试验组分别降低了33.36%、35.96%、36.28%和31.55%。
     与对照组相比,添加地衣芽孢杆菌对肠道植酸酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05),但
    
    益生菌对异育银螂消化酶活性、肠道菌群及生产性能的影响
    植酸酶活性有增加的趋势,试验组比对照组分别提高了18.69%、18.43%、50.97%和
    21 .89%。添加0.4%o地衣芽抱杆菌对异育银卿肝体比有显著性影响(P<0 .05),降低了
    20.91%,其它组差异不显著(P>.05).
    试验二地衣芽袍杆菌与低聚木糖对异育银螂消化酶活性、肠道菌群及
     增重率的影响
     本试验选用60尾异育银卿随机分成三组,第一组为对照组,其余为试验组,分
    别为I、H、fll,每组设二个重复。基础日粮中分别添加O、0.2%。地衣芽袍杆菌、0.19ha
    地衣芽袍杆菌和0.1%。的低聚木糖,饲养60天。测定鱼体的生长,肠道食糜、肝胰脏
    的蛋白酶与淀粉酶活性,肠道菌群等指标。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,增重率差
    异不显著(P>0.05),添加0.2%0地衣芽袍杆菌提高增重率77.98%;添加地衣芽袍杆菌
    与低聚木糖配伍增重率提高了73.42%.
     与对照组相比,添加0.2%o地衣芽袍杆菌肠道食糜蛋白酶与淀粉酶活性差异显著
     (P<0 .05),分别提高了24.43%、58.560/0;摄食0.1%。的地衣芽袍杆菌与0.1%。的低聚
    木糖配伍后,与对照组相比,肠道食糜淀粉酶活性差异显著(P<0 .05),其食糜淀粉
    酶活性高了55.92%,肠道食糜蛋白酶差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,添加0.2%0
    地衣芽袍杆菌肝胰脏蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05);摄食0.1%0地衣芽袍
    杆菌与0.1%0低聚木糖配伍后,与对照组相比,肝胰脏蛋白酶活性差异显著(P<0 .05),
    提高了82.02%,肝胰脏淀粉酶活性差异不显著(P<0 .05)。
     与对照组相比,添0.2%。的地衣芽袍杆菌后,肠道的芽袍杆菌、乳酸杆菌及大肠
    杆菌数量异显著(P<0 .05),芽袍杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量分别提高了8.86%、24.37%,
    大肠杆菌数量减少了9.23%.与对照组相比,添加o.19ha地衣芽袍杆菌与0.1%0低聚木
    糖配伍后,肠道的芽袍杆菌、乳酸杆菌差异性不显著(P>0.05),但是大肠杆菌显著
    降低了10%(P<0.05).
To offer the direction of application of Bacillus licheniformis or Xylooligosaccharides and theory of the deep study in the aquaculture, effects of Bacillus licheniformis or Xylooligosaccharides on digestive enzyme activities, intestional microflora and performance of the fingerlings of Allogynogenetic Crucian Carp were studied.
    EXPERIMENT 1
    Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on intestine and hepatopancreas enzyme activities, performance of the fingerlings of Allogynogenetic Crucian Carp
    In the experiment 375 allogynogenetic crucian carp finglings (average initial weight, 13.46 0.24) were allotted into five groups randomLy for 127 days. The first group was the control fed with basal diet, the others were the treated groups fed with basal diet addited 0.1 %o, 0.2%o, 0.3%o, 0.4%o Bacillus licheniformis respectively. The weight gain, activities of protease and amylase of the intestine, chyme and hepatopancreas, Hepatopancreas Somatic Indices were determined.The results showed Bacillus.licheniformis of 0.2%o, 0.3%o were the optimum growth for finglings of Allogygenetic Crucian Carp. The growth rates and feed conversion ratios of tested groups of 0.2%o, 0.3%oBacillus licheniformis were significant. (P<0.05), which were 13.14%, 17.38% higher and less 8.68%, 14.21% than those of the control respectively. Ingestion of 0.4%oBacillus licheniformis had no significant effects on the growth ratio (P>0.05), but the effect was significatnt on the feed conversion ratio(P<0.05), which decreased 10.00% than
     the control, and the others were not significant.In the subsequence experiment ,the growth ratio of the only 0.4%o Bacillus licheniformis was significant(P<0.05), which was 54.18% higher than that of the control.
    Compared with the control, ingestion of 0.2%o, 0.3%oBacillus licheniformis were significant (PO.05), the apparent digestibility of total dry matter(DM),crude protein and phosphorus increased 6.72%, 6.76% or 5.61%, 4.24% or 37.63%, 35.03%, respectively, but
    
    
    ingestion of 0.1 %o, 0.4%oBacillus licheniformis had no significance( P>0.05 ). The activities of protease and amylase of chyme of treated groups of 0.2%, 0.3%o Bacillus licheniformis were significant(P<0.05), which were 120.16%, 138.01% and 41.08%, 40.71% higher than those of the control, respectively. The amylase activities of chyme of group of 0.4%o Bacillus licheniformis was 32.02% higher than that of the control(P<0.05). The protease activities in the intestine fed with dietary 0.2%o, 0.3%o, 0.4%oBacillus licheniformis were 95.80%, 142.76%, 157.52% higher than those of the control(P<0.05). The amylase activities of the intestine fed with dietary Bacillus licheniformis were not significant (P>0.05). The protease activities of the hepatopancreas fed with dietary Bacillus licheniformis were no-significance (P>0.05), but the amylase activities were significant (P<0.05), which were less 33.36%, 35.96%, 36.28%, 31.55% than those of the contrast.
    Compared with the control, Phytase activity of ingestion of Bacillus licheniformis were not significant(P>0.05), but they had the trend of increase, which improved 18.69%, 18.43%, 50.97%, 21.89%.0nly Ingestion of 0.4%oBacillus licheniformis, Hepatopancreas Somatic Indices(HIS) was significant(P<0.05), which was 20.91% less than the control, the others were not significant(P>0.05).
    EXPERIMENT2
    Effects of Bacillus licheniformis and Xylooligosaccharides on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora and performance of the fingerlings
    of Allogygenetic Crucian Carp
    The experiment studied the effects of Bacillus licheniformis and Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) on performance, digestive enzyme activities of chyme and intestinal microflora of the fingerlings of Allogygenetic Crucian Carp. 60 Allogygenetic Crucian Carp (average weight 17.0g) were allotted into 3 groups randomly, namely I, II, III grouop for 60 days . The I ,II,IIIgroup were fed with basic diet, Q.2%oBacillus licheniformis, 0.1%oBacillus licheniformis and 0.1 %oXOS, respectively.
    The results showed ingestion of 0.2%o Bacillus licheniformis or the compound o
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