一体化连续流反硝化同时脱氮除磷工艺研究
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摘要
本文采用一体化连续流同时反硝化脱氮除磷工艺对处理低碳氮比污水进行了研究,实验相关结论如下：
采用硝态氮作为电子受体的吸磷研究,分别选用10、15、20mmg·L-1硝态氮作为初始浓度时,前两小时的平均吸磷速率分别为4.61、5.46、3.46mg(L·h)-1,最大吸磷速率分别为10.1、10.4、6.57 mg(L·h)-1,过低和过高的硝态氮浓度都不利于实验高效稳定的进行；在缺氧吸磷阶段,吸收12.6mg·L-1磷,最佳硝态氮浓度在1 4.8mg·L-1,消耗硝态氮与吸收总磷的比值为1.17左右,这个比值在3种初始硝态氮条件下基本保持稳定。
选用亚硝态氮作为电子受体时,发现在亚硝态氮浓度超过11mg·L-1时,会出现明显的吸磷速率减慢现象；亚硝态氮浓度为10mg·L-1时,前2小时吸磷速率平均为2.07 mg·(L·h)-1；亚硝态氮浓度为20 mg·L-1,且实验结束亚硝态氮浓度高于11 mg·L-1时,前2小时吸磷速度平均仅为0.715mg·(L·h)-1；不论吸磷速度是否变化,消耗亚硝态氮和吸收磷的比值基本稳定保持在2.29左右。
以氧气作为电子受体的对比研究中,发现利用氧气作为电子受体的普通PAOs具有更快的吸磷反应速度；DPB以氧气作为电子受体时,5小时内吸磷量为7.30mg·L-1,前两小时平均吸磷速率为3.27 mg·(L·h)-1；PAOs强化和富集期后期的菌群以氧气作为电子受体时,5小时内吸磷量为12.6mg·L-1,前两小时平均吸磷速率为6.15 mg·(L·h)-1；通过一段时间的培养,DPB以氧气作为电子受体吸磷的能力能够通过培养而加强,在持续2周实验中,DPB的吸磷量增加了3.10mg·L-1。
无论选用何种电子受体,反应速率最快的是起始的半个小时,随后趋于平缓,至第2小时,吸磷量超过全过程中总吸磷量的84%；选用硝态氮、亚硝态氮和氧气作为电子受体,最佳浓度条件情况下,前2小时吸磷速度由大到小为：PAOs强化和富集期后期的菌群以氧气作为电子受体>DPB利用硝态氮作为电子受体>DPB利用氧气作为电子受体>DPB利用亚硝态氮作为电子受体；但是在第1小时内,低浓度亚硝态氮的反应效率明显高于试验中选用的任何浓度硝态氮的反应效率。
对连续运行的一体化装置运行进行研究,对影响因素进行分析,得到一体化装置稳定高效运行的合理参数如下：厌氧、好氧和缺氧合适水力停留时间(HRT)分别为2-3h、4-6h和2-4h；厌氧、好氧和缺氧合适DO分别为0.1 mmg·L-1以下、3.0-4.5mg·L-1之间和0.2mg·L-1以下；厌氧、好氧和缺氧合适氧化还原电位(ORP)分别为-256 mV、45 mV和-138 mV；厌氧和缺氧合适超越回流比为35%；DPB合适污泥龄(SRT)为20天；合适硝化温度大约在30℃附近；合适进水pH在6-8之间。
在连续运行的试验中,控制在以上运行条件下,研究了不同碳氮磷比对反应效果的影响,并得出C／N／P在70：10：(1-1.25)时,出水COD控制在30mg·L-1左右,氨氮测出的浓度仅为0.60mg-L-1,而出水总磷的浓度也能有效控制在0.5 mg·L-1以下,硝态氮和亚硝态氮剩余浓度也非常低,出水总氮浓度被控制在2 mg·L-1以下；COD、氨氮、总磷、总氮的去除率分别达到了91%、98%、90%和90%,满足城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准GB 18918-2002的一级A标准。
In this paper, sewage with low ratios of carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) was treated with the integrative and continuous flow technology (ICFT) of simultaneous denitrifying nitrogen and phosphorus (P) removal (SDNPR), and the main results were as follows:
1. In the experiment in which nitrate N was taken as electron acceptor to absorb P,10,15, and 20 mg·L-1 were selected as the initial concentrations of nitrate N, the average P absorption rates within the first two hours were 4.61,5.46,3.46 mg·(L·h)-1, and the maximum P absorption rates were 10.1, 10.4,6.57 mg·(L·h)-1, respectively. Neither lower nor higher concentrations of nitrate N were benefit to the experiment in efficiently and stably. At the stage of anoxic-P absorption,12.6 mg·L-1 of P was absorbed, and the optimal concentration of nitrate N was 14.8 mg·L-1. The ratio of nitrate N consumption to total P absorption was about 1.17, and this ratio remained quite stable under the conditions of the three initial concentrations of nitrate N.
2. When nitrite N was used as electron acceptor, it was found an obvious slower rate of P absorption when nitrate N was higher than 11 mg·L-1. If nitrite N was 10 mg·L-1, the average rates of P absorption was 2.07 mg·(L·h)-1 in within the first two hours. When initial nitrate N was 20 mg·L-1 and higher than 11 mg·L-1 at the end of experiment, the average rates of P absorption was only 0.715 mg-(L·h)-1 in within the first two hours. Whatever P absorption rates were, the ratios of nitrite N consumption to P absorption were stable as about 2.29.
3. Oxygen was used as an electron acceptor and a comparison, common PAOs system which using oxygen as an electron acceptor had higher rates of P absorption. There was 7.30 mg-L"1 of P removal in 5 hours in the DPB system using oxygen as electron acceptor, and the average rates of P absorption was 3.27 mg·(L·h)-1 within the first two hours. When the bacteria using oxygen as electron acceptor at final stage of strengthen and enrich in PAOs system, P absorption was 12.6 mg·L-1 in 5 hours and the average rates of P absorption was 6.15 mg·(L·h)-1 within the first two hours. The ability of DPB taking oxygen as an electron acceptor to absorb P was increased after suitable culture. P absorption of the DPB system was increased by 3.10 mg·L-1 in the experiment of two weeks.
4. No matter what kind of electron acceptor was used, the fastest reaction rate was observed in the half an hour and then reached a gent period. Within the first two hours the P absorption accounted 84% of the total P absorption. In the experiments taking nitrate N, nitrite N, and oxygen as electron acceptor and with the optimal concentrations, the P absorption rates in the first two hours were sequenced as:the bacteria using oxygen as electron acceptor at final stage of strengthen and enrich in PAOs system> DPB system using nitrate N as electron acceptor> DPB system using oxygen as electron acceptor> DPB system using nitrite nitrogen as electron acceptor. However, the reaction efficiency with low concentrations of nitrite N was much higher than that with any concentrations of nitrate N others in the first hour.
5. In continuous operation of the integrated device, the factors influencing the treatment efficiency were studied, and a set of reasonable parameters keeping the system running efficiently and stably were obtained. The hydraulic retention appropriate time (HRT) in anaerobic, aerobic, and anoxic stages was 2-3 h,4-6 h, and 2-4 h, respectively. The appropriate DO concentrations in anaerobic, aerobic, and anoxic stages was less than 0.1 mg-L-1, between 3.0 and 4.5 mg-L"1, and lower than 0.2 mg-L-1. The appropriate redox potential (ORP) in anaerobic, aerobic, and anoxic stages were-256 mV,45 mV, and-138mV. The suitable reflux ratios in anaerobic and anoxic stages reached 35%,20 days were suitable sludge age (SRT) for DPB system, suitable nitrification temperature was about 30℃, and suitable pH values were in 6-8.
6. In continuous operation of the integrated device with the parameters described above, effects of different ratios of C:N:P in the initial sewage on the reaction efficiency were studied. The results showed that when C:N:P was70:10:(1～1.25), the effluent COD was about 30 mg·L-1, the ammonia N was only 0.60 mg-L-1, and the effluent total P was lower than 0.5 mg·L Meanwhile, the residual concentrations of nitrate N and nitrite N was very low, and the total N in outlet was lower than 2 mg-L". Under these experimental conditions, the removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia N, total P, and total N reached 91%,98%,90% and 90%, respectively, and the water quality in outlet was satisfied with the emitting standard A in GB 18918-2002 for sewage treatment plants.
采用硝态氮作为电子受体的吸磷研究,分别选用10、15、20mmg·L-1硝态氮作为初始浓度时,前两小时的平均吸磷速率分别为4.61、5.46、3.46mg(L·h)-1,最大吸磷速率分别为10.1、10.4、6.57 mg(L·h)-1,过低和过高的硝态氮浓度都不利于实验高效稳定的进行；在缺氧吸磷阶段,吸收12.6mg·L-1磷,最佳硝态氮浓度在1 4.8mg·L-1,消耗硝态氮与吸收总磷的比值为1.17左右,这个比值在3种初始硝态氮条件下基本保持稳定。
选用亚硝态氮作为电子受体时,发现在亚硝态氮浓度超过11mg·L-1时,会出现明显的吸磷速率减慢现象；亚硝态氮浓度为10mg·L-1时,前2小时吸磷速率平均为2.07 mg·(L·h)-1；亚硝态氮浓度为20 mg·L-1,且实验结束亚硝态氮浓度高于11 mg·L-1时,前2小时吸磷速度平均仅为0.715mg·(L·h)-1；不论吸磷速度是否变化,消耗亚硝态氮和吸收磷的比值基本稳定保持在2.29左右。
以氧气作为电子受体的对比研究中,发现利用氧气作为电子受体的普通PAOs具有更快的吸磷反应速度；DPB以氧气作为电子受体时,5小时内吸磷量为7.30mg·L-1,前两小时平均吸磷速率为3.27 mg·(L·h)-1；PAOs强化和富集期后期的菌群以氧气作为电子受体时,5小时内吸磷量为12.6mg·L-1,前两小时平均吸磷速率为6.15 mg·(L·h)-1；通过一段时间的培养,DPB以氧气作为电子受体吸磷的能力能够通过培养而加强,在持续2周实验中,DPB的吸磷量增加了3.10mg·L-1。
无论选用何种电子受体,反应速率最快的是起始的半个小时,随后趋于平缓,至第2小时,吸磷量超过全过程中总吸磷量的84%；选用硝态氮、亚硝态氮和氧气作为电子受体,最佳浓度条件情况下,前2小时吸磷速度由大到小为：PAOs强化和富集期后期的菌群以氧气作为电子受体>DPB利用硝态氮作为电子受体>DPB利用氧气作为电子受体>DPB利用亚硝态氮作为电子受体；但是在第1小时内,低浓度亚硝态氮的反应效率明显高于试验中选用的任何浓度硝态氮的反应效率。
对连续运行的一体化装置运行进行研究,对影响因素进行分析,得到一体化装置稳定高效运行的合理参数如下：厌氧、好氧和缺氧合适水力停留时间(HRT)分别为2-3h、4-6h和2-4h；厌氧、好氧和缺氧合适DO分别为0.1 mmg·L-1以下、3.0-4.5mg·L-1之间和0.2mg·L-1以下；厌氧、好氧和缺氧合适氧化还原电位(ORP)分别为-256 mV、45 mV和-138 mV；厌氧和缺氧合适超越回流比为35%；DPB合适污泥龄(SRT)为20天；合适硝化温度大约在30℃附近；合适进水pH在6-8之间。
在连续运行的试验中,控制在以上运行条件下,研究了不同碳氮磷比对反应效果的影响,并得出C／N／P在70：10：(1-1.25)时,出水COD控制在30mg·L-1左右,氨氮测出的浓度仅为0.60mg-L-1,而出水总磷的浓度也能有效控制在0.5 mg·L-1以下,硝态氮和亚硝态氮剩余浓度也非常低,出水总氮浓度被控制在2 mg·L-1以下；COD、氨氮、总磷、总氮的去除率分别达到了91%、98%、90%和90%,满足城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准GB 18918-2002的一级A标准。
In this paper, sewage with low ratios of carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) was treated with the integrative and continuous flow technology (ICFT) of simultaneous denitrifying nitrogen and phosphorus (P) removal (SDNPR), and the main results were as follows:
1. In the experiment in which nitrate N was taken as electron acceptor to absorb P,10,15, and 20 mg·L-1 were selected as the initial concentrations of nitrate N, the average P absorption rates within the first two hours were 4.61,5.46,3.46 mg·(L·h)-1, and the maximum P absorption rates were 10.1, 10.4,6.57 mg·(L·h)-1, respectively. Neither lower nor higher concentrations of nitrate N were benefit to the experiment in efficiently and stably. At the stage of anoxic-P absorption,12.6 mg·L-1 of P was absorbed, and the optimal concentration of nitrate N was 14.8 mg·L-1. The ratio of nitrate N consumption to total P absorption was about 1.17, and this ratio remained quite stable under the conditions of the three initial concentrations of nitrate N.
2. When nitrite N was used as electron acceptor, it was found an obvious slower rate of P absorption when nitrate N was higher than 11 mg·L-1. If nitrite N was 10 mg·L-1, the average rates of P absorption was 2.07 mg·(L·h)-1 in within the first two hours. When initial nitrate N was 20 mg·L-1 and higher than 11 mg·L-1 at the end of experiment, the average rates of P absorption was only 0.715 mg-(L·h)-1 in within the first two hours. Whatever P absorption rates were, the ratios of nitrite N consumption to P absorption were stable as about 2.29.
3. Oxygen was used as an electron acceptor and a comparison, common PAOs system which using oxygen as an electron acceptor had higher rates of P absorption. There was 7.30 mg-L"1 of P removal in 5 hours in the DPB system using oxygen as electron acceptor, and the average rates of P absorption was 3.27 mg·(L·h)-1 within the first two hours. When the bacteria using oxygen as electron acceptor at final stage of strengthen and enrich in PAOs system, P absorption was 12.6 mg·L-1 in 5 hours and the average rates of P absorption was 6.15 mg·(L·h)-1 within the first two hours. The ability of DPB taking oxygen as an electron acceptor to absorb P was increased after suitable culture. P absorption of the DPB system was increased by 3.10 mg·L-1 in the experiment of two weeks.
4. No matter what kind of electron acceptor was used, the fastest reaction rate was observed in the half an hour and then reached a gent period. Within the first two hours the P absorption accounted 84% of the total P absorption. In the experiments taking nitrate N, nitrite N, and oxygen as electron acceptor and with the optimal concentrations, the P absorption rates in the first two hours were sequenced as:the bacteria using oxygen as electron acceptor at final stage of strengthen and enrich in PAOs system> DPB system using nitrate N as electron acceptor> DPB system using oxygen as electron acceptor> DPB system using nitrite nitrogen as electron acceptor. However, the reaction efficiency with low concentrations of nitrite N was much higher than that with any concentrations of nitrate N others in the first hour.
5. In continuous operation of the integrated device, the factors influencing the treatment efficiency were studied, and a set of reasonable parameters keeping the system running efficiently and stably were obtained. The hydraulic retention appropriate time (HRT) in anaerobic, aerobic, and anoxic stages was 2-3 h,4-6 h, and 2-4 h, respectively. The appropriate DO concentrations in anaerobic, aerobic, and anoxic stages was less than 0.1 mg-L-1, between 3.0 and 4.5 mg-L"1, and lower than 0.2 mg-L-1. The appropriate redox potential (ORP) in anaerobic, aerobic, and anoxic stages were-256 mV,45 mV, and-138mV. The suitable reflux ratios in anaerobic and anoxic stages reached 35%,20 days were suitable sludge age (SRT) for DPB system, suitable nitrification temperature was about 30℃, and suitable pH values were in 6-8.
6. In continuous operation of the integrated device with the parameters described above, effects of different ratios of C:N:P in the initial sewage on the reaction efficiency were studied. The results showed that when C:N:P was70:10:(1～1.25), the effluent COD was about 30 mg·L-1, the ammonia N was only 0.60 mg-L-1, and the effluent total P was lower than 0.5 mg·L Meanwhile, the residual concentrations of nitrate N and nitrite N was very low, and the total N in outlet was lower than 2 mg-L". Under these experimental conditions, the removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia N, total P, and total N reached 91%,98%,90% and 90%, respectively, and the water quality in outlet was satisfied with the emitting standard A in GB 18918-2002 for sewage treatment plants.
引文
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