具有精馏装置的自动复叠制冷循环试验研究
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摘要
自动复叠制冷系统是一种采用多元混合工质的制冷系统，采用简单的单级压缩的方法，在高低沸点组分间实现自动复叠，用富含低沸点的制冷工质蒸发来制取低温。由于自动复叠制冷循环具有比较大的工作温区，无论是在普冷领域还是在低温电子、低温医学中的血液、器官保存、食品的冷冻干燥、气体液化等低温领域，都具有较大的实用价值。
本文的丰要工作如下：
1、本文综述了自动复叠式制冷技术研究发展史，在自动复叠制冷循环的基础上，研究了具有精馏装置的自动复叠制冷循环。
2、设计了自动复叠制冷循环实验台，采用环保型非共沸混合工质作制冷剂，利用精馏装置分离具有不同沸点的混合工质的同时，也实现了系统除油效果。分析了循环中变组元和变组分混合工质，主节流阀的开度及精馏柱回流管道上节流阀的开度对循环系统性能的影响。
本文从实验的角度出发，对具有精馏装置的自动复叠制冷循环进行了深入研究，分析了影响COP的因素，成功地保证系统在-80℃温区稳定运行。为今后的这方面的研究工作打下了基础。
Auto-cascade refrigeration system is a kind of refrigeration method, in which mixture refrigerant is employed and only one-stage compressor is required. Refrigerants with different evaporation temperature are separated by its special structure comparative to traditional systems, which does result to realize low temperature. Auto-cascade refrigeration can be applied in many fields such as cryoelectronics, blood and organ conservation, food freeze-drying and liquefaction and so on.
The focus of the theis is showed as follows:
1 The research and development history in the field of Auto Cascade Refrigeration Cycle
is reviewed. A new one with a rectifying column is studied based on previous auto-cascade
refrigeration cycle.
2 An experimental apparatus with rectification column has been set up and experiments
have been successfully carried out. Environment-friendly non-azeotropic refrigerant
mixture can be separated by its special rectification column part in the Auto Cascade
Refrigeration Cycle. As the same time, lubricating oil can be successfully separated from
refrigerant mixture. The performance of Auto Cascade Refrigeration Cycle is investigated
under different operation conditions of refrigerant components, compositions, opening of
main throttle valve and the return fluid extraction ratio of the rectifying column.
According to a series of experimental data, the Auto Cascade Refrigeration Cycle with rectification column has been detailedly studied in order to improve COP and run smoothly in the refrigeration temperature of -80C. All the experimental data can be used as the base to future research.
本文的丰要工作如下：
1、本文综述了自动复叠式制冷技术研究发展史，在自动复叠制冷循环的基础上，研究了具有精馏装置的自动复叠制冷循环。
2、设计了自动复叠制冷循环实验台，采用环保型非共沸混合工质作制冷剂，利用精馏装置分离具有不同沸点的混合工质的同时，也实现了系统除油效果。分析了循环中变组元和变组分混合工质，主节流阀的开度及精馏柱回流管道上节流阀的开度对循环系统性能的影响。
本文从实验的角度出发，对具有精馏装置的自动复叠制冷循环进行了深入研究，分析了影响COP的因素，成功地保证系统在-80℃温区稳定运行。为今后的这方面的研究工作打下了基础。
Auto-cascade refrigeration system is a kind of refrigeration method, in which mixture refrigerant is employed and only one-stage compressor is required. Refrigerants with different evaporation temperature are separated by its special structure comparative to traditional systems, which does result to realize low temperature. Auto-cascade refrigeration can be applied in many fields such as cryoelectronics, blood and organ conservation, food freeze-drying and liquefaction and so on.
The focus of the theis is showed as follows:
1 The research and development history in the field of Auto Cascade Refrigeration Cycle
is reviewed. A new one with a rectifying column is studied based on previous auto-cascade
refrigeration cycle.
2 An experimental apparatus with rectification column has been set up and experiments
have been successfully carried out. Environment-friendly non-azeotropic refrigerant
mixture can be separated by its special rectification column part in the Auto Cascade
Refrigeration Cycle. As the same time, lubricating oil can be successfully separated from
refrigerant mixture. The performance of Auto Cascade Refrigeration Cycle is investigated
under different operation conditions of refrigerant components, compositions, opening of
main throttle valve and the return fluid extraction ratio of the rectifying column.
According to a series of experimental data, the Auto Cascade Refrigeration Cycle with rectification column has been detailedly studied in order to improve COP and run smoothly in the refrigeration temperature of -80C. All the experimental data can be used as the base to future research.
引文
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[3] Hampson W. British Patent, 10,165 (1895)
[4] 浙江大学制冷与低温研究所．《低温生物工程》．浙江大学讲义，1997
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[6] 公茂琼，罗二仓等．低温冷冻医疗的新冷源——多元混合工质节流制冷机．低温工程，2000．No2：24-29；
[7] 莫炳坚等．混合工质与节能．低温与特气，No．4：27-30，1994
[8] 蒋能照等．CFC限用及其替代剂研究的最新动向．上海机械学院学报，Vol．11，No．4： 93-106．1989
[9] 陈光明等．CFC12替代物研究进展．制冷技术，No．1：16-20，1993
[10] 费人杰．关于替代氟里昂制冷剂的最新进展．环境保护，No．11：42-44，1997
[11] D. J Missimer. Refrigerant conversion of Auto-Refrigeration Cascade(ARC)systems. Int. J. Refri. Vol. 20, No. 3: 201-207, 1997
[12] 曹丹．一种新型的自动复叠制冷循环研究．硕士学位论文，2003
[13] 张祉佑．《制冷原理与设备>)．机械：工业出版社，1989
[14] Gosney WB. Principles of refrigeration. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press
[15] 吴业正，韩宝琦．制冷原理与设备．西安交通大学出版社，2002
[16] Joule JP, Thomson W. Phil Mag 1852;4:481
[17] 王勤．混合工质节流制冷机的理论与试验研究．博士学位论文，2002
[18] Hampson W. British Patent, 10,165(1895)
[19] Karl von Linde German Patent, P84,88(1897)
[20] 李式模，陈国邦．《低温工程》浙江大学讲义，1995
[21] Onnes HK. Communications from the physical laboratory, Univ. Of Leiden, 1908;108
[22] Barron RF. Cryogenic systems. New York: Oxford University press, 1985
[23] Claude G. Proc Acad Sci Paris 1902;134:1568
[24] Davies M. The physical principles of gas liquefaction and low temperature rectification. Longmans, London: Green and Co., Ltd., 1949
[25] Collins SC. Rev Sci Instr 1947;18:157
[26] Gosney WB. Principles of refrigeration. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press
[27] Molina M J, Rowland FS. Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atomc-atalysed destruction of ozone. Nature 1974;249(5460):810-2
[28] 陈曙辉．采用新工质的吸收制冷研究．硕士学位论文，1998
[29] 华小龙．非工沸混合工质制冷空调循环的发展及应用前景．制冷技术，1991(1)，P19-25
[30] 李文林．混合制冷剂的研究与进展．《国外科技动态》，6，1982
[31] 高石吉登．非共沸混合冷媒的研究．开发动向乙，冷冻Vol，57，P662
[32] Fuderer A. German Patent 1,426,956 (1969)
[33] Brodiansky VM, Gresin AK, Gromov EM, Yagodin VM, Nicolsky VA, Alpheev VN. The use of mixtures as working gas in throttle (J-T) cryogenic refrigerators. Proc. 13th Int. Congr. Refri., Washington DC, U.S.A. 1971;1:43-6
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