基片集成波导与其它平面结构在滤波器设计中的应用研究

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英文题名：Investigations on Substrate Integrated Waveguide, Other Planar Strcutures and Their Applications in Filter Designs 作者：沈玮 论文级别：博士 学科专业名称：电磁场与微波技术 中文关键词：低温共烧陶瓷 ; 非谐振节点 ; 混合电、磁耦合 ; 基片集成波导 ; 平面谐振器 ; 双模、三模滤波器 ; 双工器 英文关键词：Low temperature co-fire ceramic (LTCC) ; non-resonating node (NRN) ; mixed electric and magnetic coupling ; substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) ; planar resonator ; dual- three-mode filters ; diplexer 学位年度：2011 导师：孙晓玮 ; 尹文言 学科代码：080904 学位授予单位：上海交通大学 论文提交日期：2011-11-01

摘要

随着无线通信日新月异的发展,无线通信系统正趋向于小型化、高可靠性、多功能、低成本方面发展。同时,人们对系统级封装(System in Package,SiP)中各类微波无源元件尤其是滤波器的需求越来越强烈。因此,探索系统级封装中无源元器件的综合方法,解决元器件高性能与高密度集成之间的矛盾,研发系统级封装可集成的多层嵌入式高性能小型化元器件已经变得非常重要。本文针对基片集成波导(Substrate Integrated Waveguide, SIW)和其它平面谐振器(Planar Resonator),以及多种新颖的拓扑结构展开系统的研究,并且实现了多种高性能、小型化的滤波器和双工器等无源器件。
     本文主要的研究工作和创新点归纳如下:
     (1)从窄带滤波器的耦合谐振器理论出发,推导出频变混合电、磁耦合系数的表达形式,可以快速由耦合系数矩阵直接得到理论频率响应;并将其成功运用于微带滤波器的设计中。
     (2)首次将混合耦合的概念引入到SIW滤波器设计中。利用蛇形槽线结构来实现SIW腔之间混合耦合,从而在三阶SIW滤波器中得到准椭圆特性;进而在四阶滤波器中实现额外零点用来抑制第一个寄生通带。为了实现SIW结构的小型化,利用刻蚀在基片集成波导表面的共面波导(Co-Planar Waveguide, CPW)结构来实现混合耦合,同时CPW在结构中被视为谐振器。
     (3)结合基片集成波导与微带谐振器,利用两个开口环谐振器来实现SIW滤波器的混合源和负载耦合,从而在一个三阶SIW滤波器中得到四个传输零点。基于此类耦合拓扑结构,进而利用低温共烧陶瓷(Low Temperature Co-fire Ceramic,LTCC)工艺设计并实现了高性能的双工器。
     (4)提出一类T隔板SIW谐振器,相对于折叠和脊波导结构,具有比较灵活的T隔板宽度和高度;利用横向谐振法分析了T隔板SIW结构基模和高次模的截止频率;基于LTCC工艺成功设计实现一款具有准椭圆特性的T隔板SIW滤波器,具有紧凑的几何尺寸和较为优越的谐波抑制特性。
     (5)基于折叠SIW和消逝模耦合理论,设计并实现了两种SIW双通带滤波器;其两个通带的带宽可以分别进行独立控制;其通带中心频率比可以任意调节,突破了SIW谐振器双通带滤波器的极限,并且元件面积大大减小。
     (6)通过在SIW双模腔体表面金属上刻蚀CPW结构,从而引入非谐振节点的概念,进而间接的实现源和负载耦合,改善了其频率选择特性,且CPW谐振频率远离中心频率,不会对通带性能产生影响。
     (7)针对传统微带双模结构滤波器特性,提出了一种紧凑型的三模谐振器结构。双模滤波器会产生一个在低频或者高频端的传输零点,此处利用三模结构实现准椭圆特性;折叠型的、T型枝节线使得整个滤波器结构更加紧凑;由于输入输出线的抑制作用,该结构拥有更好的谐波特性。
     (8)研究了微带谐振器与基片集成波导之间的耦合机理,在SIW滤波器中引入单模和双模微带谐振器,从而大大减小该类无源器件的面积;提出一种由多个低阶拓扑结构组成的高阶滤波器模型,元件具有陡峭的频率选择特性。
     (9)在SIW谐振腔的底面金属上刻蚀出缺陷地结构(Defected Ground Structure, DGS),充分利用DGS与SIW的几何互补性,设计并实现了一种紧凑的SIW滤波器。此类元件仅仅占据一个SIW腔体的面积,而且具有较好的频率选择性,寄生响应也有所改善。
     在以上研究中,均采用单层PCB和低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)工艺制作了系列样品,测试、仿真与理论分析结果均较吻合,从而验证了本文研究工作的有效性。
With the rapid development of wireless communication systems, the tendencies of electronic information systems are miniaturization, reliable, multifunctional and low-cost. Meanwhile, there are more and more urgent demands on high-performance and miniaturized microwave passive components for system in package (SiP) technology. Therefore, it is very important to develop synthesized method of passive components, resolve the contradiction between high performance and high density. This dissertation investigates substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and other planar resonators. Furthermore, some kinds of bandpass filters, diplexers, and other passive components are developed based on them.
     The main academic contributions of this dissertation are as follows.
     (1) Based on the coupled resonator circuit model of narrow bandpass filter, we developed the expression of frequency-dependent mixed coupling coefficients. Then, we can obtain the synthesized S-parameters quickly from the frequency-dependent coupling matrix, and it has been implemented in microstrip filter designs.
     (2) Mixed cross coupling is introduced into SIW filter designs firstly, and it can be achieved by inter-digital slot-lines between SIW cavities. Then, quasi-elliptic function can be obtained in the third-order cross-coupled SIW filter. In the fourth-order topology, an additional transmission zero can be used to suppress the first spurious passband. To achieve miniaturization of such filters, we etched one co-planar waveguide (CPW) on the top metal layer of SIW cavities to realize mixed coupling, meanwhile, the CPW is taken as one resonator.
     (3) Microstrip resonators are introduced to SIW filter designs. Two open-loop resonators are used to realize mixed source-load coupling, then, four transmission zeros can be get in the third-order SIW filter. Based on this coupling scheme, we developed one SIW diplexer in LTCC successfully.
     (4) T-septum SIW (TSSIW) cavity is proposed firstly. In comparison with folded- and ridged-SIW structures, TSSIW has flexible width of T-septum and height of substrates. Transverse resonance method is used to analyze the cutoff frequencies of the fundamental and higher mode. Finally, a fourth-order TSSIW filter with quasi-elliptic function is realized successfully, and wider stopband characteristic can be obtained.
     (5) Two dual-band SIW filters are realized, which are based on folded SIWs and evanescent-mode coupling. Their center frequency ratio of the second to first passband can be adjusted randomly, the size of them are reduced significantly in comparison with conventional dual-band SIW filters.
     (6) Indirect source-load coupling can be achieved by a CPW structure etched on the top metal layer of the dual-mode SIW cavity. Then, better frequency selectivity is obtained. The CPW is taken as non-resonating node (NRN), whose resonant frequency is far away from center frequency.
     (7) Originated from conventional microstrip dual-mode resonator, we proposed a compact three-mode stepped impedance resonator. Then, elliptic response can be achieved in the three-mode filter. Folded T-type stubs are used to make the proposed filter more compact, and the filter has wide stopband.
     (8) The coupling principle between SIW cavity and microstrip resonator is investigated in detail. Compact SIW filters are achieved by introducing single- and dual-mode microstrip resonators into their implementations. Furthermore, one fourth-order coupling scheme is superimposed by two third-order ones, which has better frequency selectivity.
     (9) Utilizing complementarities between SIW cavity and defected ground structure (DGS) etched on the ground plane of SIW cavity, we presented a compact third-order SIW filter. Such kind of filter has just occupied area of one SIW cavity; better frequency selectivity and wide stopband are obtained simultaneously.
     All the samples are fabricated on the single-layered printed circuit board (PCB) and LTCC to validate our proposed works, their measured results agree well with the simulated ones.

引文

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