强化混凝技术处理低温低浊水试验研究
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摘要
2001年6月卫生部颁布了《生活饮用水卫生规范》,将水质指标增加到96项,并对多数指标值作出新的规定,约束条件更加严格。针对北方净水厂在低温低浊时的运行状况,在降低水厂运营成本、水质达标的前提下,众多改善水质的深度处理技术当中,对混凝药剂的优化研究是最经济、最有效的方法。
本文从混凝机理分析入手,依据原水特性,通过混凝烧杯试验,研究了常规无机混凝剂和高分子混凝剂对低温低浊水的处理效果。对低温低浊情况下的混凝影响因素进行分析,特殊地在实验室制备了聚硅硫酸铁高分子混凝剂,对其制备过程中的控制条件进行研究,与聚合氯化铝就低温低浊水的处理效果进行比较研究,通过以上研究并结合概率分析,采用强化混凝的方法来改善常规工艺出水水质。
通过混凝搅拌试验,研究了沉淀水浊度与混凝药剂投加量之间的关系,沉淀水浊度与混凝剂投加量成正比例关系,但低温低浊水质和常规水质在混凝沉淀过程中都会出现沉淀极限,到达沉淀极限之后继续投加混凝药剂,不会提升沉淀效率。
通过概率分析的方法,对强化混凝提高出水水质的方法进行分析,得出混凝剂与助凝剂投加量比值和混凝剂投加量之间的关系图,可以根据沉淀水浊度目标值确定混凝剂投加量。数据分析表明,该水厂在低温低浊条件时运行,混凝剂与助凝剂投加量的比值在15~25之间的混凝处理效果要优于比值在5~15之间的混凝处理效果。
改善常规工艺出水水质生产性试验研究表明,在高锰酸盐指数不高(<5mg/L)的条件下,通过强化混凝的方法,可以控制滤后水浊度低于1NTU,达到0.6NTU,UV254、TOC和DOC的去除率明显提高,常规项目也得到改善,证明控制投药量进行强化混凝的方法能够提高老工艺流程的出水水质,满足《规范》要求。
In Jnne of 2001, Ministry of Sanitation ordinates the criterion for daily drinking water quality, which increased the water quality, indexes to 96 items and the turbidity value was claimed to 1NTU. But the water quality is even worse. By now,the tradiontial process of water treatment is not suitable. According the operation data of a north water treatment plant, optimization of coagulant for low temperature and low turbidity water is aneconomy method among all kinds of water purification technologies under the conditions of reducing the production costs.
Laboratory and full scale experiments were analyzed by coagulation mechanism regards on the raw water characteristics. The paper studied the effects of some common inorganic and polymeric coagulants; analyzed the influencing factors on coagulation for a low temperature and low turbidity water. A polymeric coagulants, Polymeric Ferric Silicate Sulfate (PFSS), was prepared and compared with PAC on the effects of the treatment of a low temperature and low turbidity water. Meantime, the controlling conditions were determined in the processes. It was obtained to increase the coagulating agents dosage to enhance the coagulation and improve the effluent based on the probability analysis of experimental results.
The test showed that the coagulant dosage increased as the row water turbidity increased in order to achieve the same sediment effects under virus turbidity. Both common row water and a low temperature and low turbidity one can reach a precipitation extreme. No matter how many agents were increased, the settling efficiency would not increase when a precipitation extreme was appeared.
The figure of coagulating agents dosage and ratio was obtained based on the probability analysis of the enhancement and the dosage was determined by the effluent turbidity aim. The coagulation was better when the ratio was 15~25 than it was 5~15 for such a low temperature and low turbidity raw water.
The full-scale experimental results showed the turbidity of the effluent after filtering can be as low as 0.4 NTU by flocculants dosage increasing under such a low temperature, low turbidity, CODMn<5mg/L. Meantime, the removal efficiencies of UV254, TOC and DOC were greatly increased and some other common ones were improved too. It shows that such a coagulating agents dosage increasing method can be used to revise the former water treatment process and improve the effluent to meet the standards.
本文从混凝机理分析入手,依据原水特性,通过混凝烧杯试验,研究了常规无机混凝剂和高分子混凝剂对低温低浊水的处理效果。对低温低浊情况下的混凝影响因素进行分析,特殊地在实验室制备了聚硅硫酸铁高分子混凝剂,对其制备过程中的控制条件进行研究,与聚合氯化铝就低温低浊水的处理效果进行比较研究,通过以上研究并结合概率分析,采用强化混凝的方法来改善常规工艺出水水质。
通过混凝搅拌试验,研究了沉淀水浊度与混凝药剂投加量之间的关系,沉淀水浊度与混凝剂投加量成正比例关系,但低温低浊水质和常规水质在混凝沉淀过程中都会出现沉淀极限,到达沉淀极限之后继续投加混凝药剂,不会提升沉淀效率。
通过概率分析的方法,对强化混凝提高出水水质的方法进行分析,得出混凝剂与助凝剂投加量比值和混凝剂投加量之间的关系图,可以根据沉淀水浊度目标值确定混凝剂投加量。数据分析表明,该水厂在低温低浊条件时运行,混凝剂与助凝剂投加量的比值在15~25之间的混凝处理效果要优于比值在5~15之间的混凝处理效果。
改善常规工艺出水水质生产性试验研究表明,在高锰酸盐指数不高(<5mg/L)的条件下,通过强化混凝的方法,可以控制滤后水浊度低于1NTU,达到0.6NTU,UV254、TOC和DOC的去除率明显提高,常规项目也得到改善,证明控制投药量进行强化混凝的方法能够提高老工艺流程的出水水质,满足《规范》要求。
In Jnne of 2001, Ministry of Sanitation ordinates the criterion for daily drinking water quality, which increased the water quality, indexes to 96 items and the turbidity value was claimed to 1NTU. But the water quality is even worse. By now,the tradiontial process of water treatment is not suitable. According the operation data of a north water treatment plant, optimization of coagulant for low temperature and low turbidity water is aneconomy method among all kinds of water purification technologies under the conditions of reducing the production costs.
Laboratory and full scale experiments were analyzed by coagulation mechanism regards on the raw water characteristics. The paper studied the effects of some common inorganic and polymeric coagulants; analyzed the influencing factors on coagulation for a low temperature and low turbidity water. A polymeric coagulants, Polymeric Ferric Silicate Sulfate (PFSS), was prepared and compared with PAC on the effects of the treatment of a low temperature and low turbidity water. Meantime, the controlling conditions were determined in the processes. It was obtained to increase the coagulating agents dosage to enhance the coagulation and improve the effluent based on the probability analysis of experimental results.
The test showed that the coagulant dosage increased as the row water turbidity increased in order to achieve the same sediment effects under virus turbidity. Both common row water and a low temperature and low turbidity one can reach a precipitation extreme. No matter how many agents were increased, the settling efficiency would not increase when a precipitation extreme was appeared.
The figure of coagulating agents dosage and ratio was obtained based on the probability analysis of the enhancement and the dosage was determined by the effluent turbidity aim. The coagulation was better when the ratio was 15~25 than it was 5~15 for such a low temperature and low turbidity raw water.
The full-scale experimental results showed the turbidity of the effluent after filtering can be as low as 0.4 NTU by flocculants dosage increasing under such a low temperature, low turbidity, CODMn<5mg/L. Meantime, the removal efficiencies of UV254, TOC and DOC were greatly increased and some other common ones were improved too. It shows that such a coagulating agents dosage increasing method can be used to revise the former water treatment process and improve the effluent to meet the standards.
引文
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2 黄英. 我国水资源的可持续利用. 西南民族大学学报(人文社科版).2004, 25(6): 106~107
3 丁南湖. 增强水的危机感 提高节水自觉性. 净水技术.1999,68(2):2~4
4 国家环境保护总局. 中国 2003 年环境状况公报. 环境保护. 2004, 7: 3~17
5 高娟 华珞 李贵宝等. 生活饮用水水质标准发展及特点. 安全卫生. 2005,5(5):54
6 Wen Po Cheng. Comparision of hydrolysis/coagulation behavior of polymeric and monomeric iron coagulants in humic acid solution.Chemosphere.2002,47:963~969
7 施纬 蒋颂辉 朱惠刚. 饮用水源中藻类限值研究. 净水技术. 2002,21(特刊):15~19
8 C.R.O’Melia,W.C.Becker & K.-K. Au. Removal of humic substance by coagulation. Water Science and Technology. 1999,40(9):47~54
9 Tom Hall & Brain Croll. Particle counters as tools for managing cryptosporidium risk in water treatment. Water Science and Technology. 1997,36(4):143~149
10 岳舜琳. 给水中有机物与 Ames 致突变的相关性. 中国给水排水. 2003,
19(1):20~23
11 岳舜琳. 水的耗氧量的卫生学意义. 给水排水. 2004,30(6):37~39
12 邱瑞冀 袁宝珊. 自来水不同处理单元出水有机物的致突变性研究. 中国给水排水. 1984,10(2):12~14
13 J. Clancy and C. Fricker. Control of Cryptosporidium-how Effective is Drinking Water Treatment. Water Quality International. 1998:24~26
14 Christian Volk. Kimberly Bell. Eva Ibrahim & et al. Impact of enhanced and optimized coagulation on removal of organic matter and its biodegradable fraction in drinking water. Water Research. 2000,34(12):3247~3257
15 Jinming Duan & John Gregory. The influence of silicic acid on aluminium hydroxide precipitation and flocculation by aluminium salts. Journal ofInorganic Biochemistry. 1998,69:190~200
16 D.J.Chang. S.H.Chen. S.S.Lin. K.C.Yu & C.Y.Chang. An investigation of reciprocating filtration system. Journal of Membrance Science. 2002 ,202:230~245
17 翟明晰 刘馨远. 低温低浊水质特性的分析. 中国给水排水. 1998,14(6):33~34
18 王建龙. 杨基先. 旋流-网格混凝设备处理低温低浊水的试验研究. 中国给水排水. 1998,14(2):32~34
19 佟朝阳. 浅谈涡旋混凝低脉动沉淀给水处理技术. 中国科技信息. 2005,3:96
20 黄勤. 气浮法处理低温低浊度水的生产性试验. 给水排水. 1980(4):10~15
21 钱庆玲 吴国权. 直接过滤的几个问题. 化工给排水设计. 1996,2:55~57
22 张雍. 微絮凝接触过滤工艺处理低温低浊水. 给水排水. 1980,2:20~24
23 景有海 金同轨 范瑾初. 均质滤料直接过滤性能的评价指标. 给水排水. 2000,30 (3):18~20
24 Clarification with microsand seeding. A state of the art. Water Research Vol,15:1281~1290
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