油页岩钻孔水力开采实验台设计及孔底流场数值模拟研究
摘要
我国经济的高速发展,引发了油气等能源消费的增长,油气的供求关系逐渐失衡,增大非常规油气资源的勘探与开发已成为国家经济发展迫切需要。国内的油页岩开发表明,只有含油率较高的地层,才能进行商业性的开采,而大部分的难开发的低含油率矿层,它们还具有开采潜力。必须依据技术进步使“难开采”的油页岩资源转化为“可开采”的油页岩资源,而目前钻孔水力开采技术被认为是一种应对低含油率油页岩的经济有效的新方法。
钻孔水力开采技术作为采矿技术的重要组成部分,是集喷嘴射流冲击碎岩、孔底流体由孔底的抽吸口抽吸矿渣与钻进过程中连续上返岩屑于一体的国际上较先进的采矿技术。
本文以吉林大学承担的国家重大课题“油页岩勘探开发利用产学研用合作创新项目”为依托,针对油页岩矿藏的特点和钻孔水力开采技术钻进工艺的要求,以钻孔水力开采技术碎岩后的流场为切入点,对孔底流场的速度、压力、喷嘴直径等参数进行研究,目的在于解决孔底流场的流体流动问题,为钻孔水力开采技术应用到油页岩开采与开发领域提供参考。本文主要研究内容和得到的结论如下：
1.开展油页岩钻孔水力开采孔底流场流体动力学参数的研究,在数学理论推导基础上建立钻孔水力开采的压力和速度计算模型。推导出适合油页岩钻孔水力开采的计算方程。
2.借助CFD软件,通过建立适合的物理模型和数学方程对钻孔水力开采的孔底流场进行仿真计算,较真实的反应钻孔水力开采的孔底流场的流动形态,流动过程,进而了解钻孔水力开采的结构特征,揭示了喷嘴直径,喷嘴与抽吸口距离等对孔底流体动力学参数的影响。
(1)不同的射流速度时的流场模拟,显示就喷嘴直径为10mm而言,射流速度的变化对孔底流场的流动形式影响较大,其取值200m/s较适宜,此时液压缸的推力应不小于700KN；
(2)不同的射流压力时的流场模拟,表明了射流压力配合具体的射流速度(200m/s),需要的高压泵的压力为55MPa以上,如果油页岩的抗压强度为30MPa,高压泵压力的取值应不小于55MPa；
(3)喷嘴与抽吸口位置关系的模拟表明,抽吸口应置于喷嘴的相对侧的同一水平位置时,抽吸效果最好；
(4)喷嘴直径的模拟,喷嘴直径越小越好,但是考虑喷嘴的使用寿命和对喷嘴材质的要求,取10mm较适宜。
3.模拟得到的数据,为实验台设计提供参考依据。实验台设计时应采用55MPa以上的高压泵,10mm的喷嘴,液压缸应选择大于700kN的推力。
4.结合上述的模拟参数,对最终得到的较适宜的参数进行实际的钻孔水力开采空间进行模拟,模拟结果表明开采区域的20*10m的空间,高压泵的输出压力为55MPa以上,射流200m/s,喷嘴直径10mm,喷嘴与抽吸口的空间位置关系是相对的,可以有效的开采油页岩矿藏。
目前,油页岩钻孔水力开采的孔底流场流体动力学参数计算仍停留在理论推导和数值模拟层面上,还有待于进行室内模拟实验和实际钻采的检验和修正。本文以上的研究内容只是钻孔水力开采技术应用到油页岩矿藏的开采的,孔底流场的流体动力学的基础性研究,将钻孔水力开采技术应用到油页岩勘探与开发领域还需要进一步深入的全面的研究工作。
With the high-speed development of national economy, the energy source consumption was staggeringly to growth. The supply-demand relationship of oil and gas becomes imbalance. Because of the development of national economy, it is an urgent need for unconventional oil-gas source to be explored and developed. Domestic oil shale development made clearly that only higher oil content was exploited by commercial exploitation. And most of the difficult development of the high-pressure, low oil content of oil shale, while also has mining potential. It must be based on advanced technology to make "hard extraction" of the oil shale resources into "recoverable" oil shale resources. Therefore, it was thought that the Bore Hydraulic Mining Technology was considered to be the new cost-effective method.
Bore Hydraulic Mining Technology called BHM for short. As an important part of mining technology, it was an advanced technology combined with water jet broken rock, the fluid particles pumping from the borehole bottom and continuous obtaining rock cuttings-sample into system.
This paper supported by the project of "the cooperation and innovation projects of oil shale exploration and development of production and research", undertaken by Construction Engineering College. The particle-flow of the hole bottom which was formed by BHM was the start of research. Then, for the drilling requirements, it needed to study of particle-flow including of the field velocity, pressure, nozzle diameter, and the distance of nozzle to suction-port and so on. It aimed to resolve oil shale transporting problems of bottom particle-flow by BHM. The main research and conclusions were as following:
1. Particle-fluid dynamic parameters of BHM was studied by the mathematical theory. The computational model was fit for BHM, which was derived based on the pressure and velocity.
2. Particle-flow field was simulated by CFD software, through the establishment of appropriate physical models and mathematical equations combined with the characteristic of BHM. It truly showed the flow forms and flow performance. Furthermore structure characteristics was comprehended by the flow forms and flow performance of the particle-flow field. Finally it revealed the effect of fluid dynamics parameters of the particle-flow field including diameter of nozzle and the distance between nozzle and pumping rim and so on.
(1) When the nozzle diameter was 10mm, it showed that larger jet velocity larger influence of the bottom of particle-flow field. The jet velocity chose 200m/s more appropriate.
(2) When the jet velocity was 200m/s, result showed the pressure of high pressure pump needed over 50MPa. If the compression strength of oil shale was 30MPa, the high pressure pump must was not less than 55MPa.
(3) The distance between nozzle and pumping rim was moderately. The nozzle put at the same horizontal direction as the pumping rim may as well.
(4) Nozzle diameter needed as small as possible, but considering of working life and material quality of nozzle, it should choose 10mm.
3. The simulated data for the reference test-bed design. The experimental table should be used 70MPa high-pressure pump,10mm nozzle and hydraulic cylinders should be selected more than 700kN thrust.
4. In short, the better fluid dynamics parameters was jet velocity 200m/s, high pressure pump 55MPa and nozzle diameter 10mm in the space size of 20m*10m.
At present, fluid dynamics parameters were still stay at the level of theoretical derivation and numerical simulation. They should be modified by experimentation of indoor and geological exploration and drilling of field. Above-mentioned content of study was only about oil shale BHM technique, which was confined BHM to exploit oil shale. And fundamental research investigated the fluid dynamics of the particle-flow field. It was thought that farther, general and larger work was needed to exploit oil shale by BHM.
钻孔水力开采技术作为采矿技术的重要组成部分,是集喷嘴射流冲击碎岩、孔底流体由孔底的抽吸口抽吸矿渣与钻进过程中连续上返岩屑于一体的国际上较先进的采矿技术。
本文以吉林大学承担的国家重大课题“油页岩勘探开发利用产学研用合作创新项目”为依托,针对油页岩矿藏的特点和钻孔水力开采技术钻进工艺的要求,以钻孔水力开采技术碎岩后的流场为切入点,对孔底流场的速度、压力、喷嘴直径等参数进行研究,目的在于解决孔底流场的流体流动问题,为钻孔水力开采技术应用到油页岩开采与开发领域提供参考。本文主要研究内容和得到的结论如下：
1.开展油页岩钻孔水力开采孔底流场流体动力学参数的研究,在数学理论推导基础上建立钻孔水力开采的压力和速度计算模型。推导出适合油页岩钻孔水力开采的计算方程。
2.借助CFD软件,通过建立适合的物理模型和数学方程对钻孔水力开采的孔底流场进行仿真计算,较真实的反应钻孔水力开采的孔底流场的流动形态,流动过程,进而了解钻孔水力开采的结构特征,揭示了喷嘴直径,喷嘴与抽吸口距离等对孔底流体动力学参数的影响。
(1)不同的射流速度时的流场模拟,显示就喷嘴直径为10mm而言,射流速度的变化对孔底流场的流动形式影响较大,其取值200m/s较适宜,此时液压缸的推力应不小于700KN；
(2)不同的射流压力时的流场模拟,表明了射流压力配合具体的射流速度(200m/s),需要的高压泵的压力为55MPa以上,如果油页岩的抗压强度为30MPa,高压泵压力的取值应不小于55MPa；
(3)喷嘴与抽吸口位置关系的模拟表明,抽吸口应置于喷嘴的相对侧的同一水平位置时,抽吸效果最好；
(4)喷嘴直径的模拟,喷嘴直径越小越好,但是考虑喷嘴的使用寿命和对喷嘴材质的要求,取10mm较适宜。
3.模拟得到的数据,为实验台设计提供参考依据。实验台设计时应采用55MPa以上的高压泵,10mm的喷嘴,液压缸应选择大于700kN的推力。
4.结合上述的模拟参数,对最终得到的较适宜的参数进行实际的钻孔水力开采空间进行模拟,模拟结果表明开采区域的20*10m的空间,高压泵的输出压力为55MPa以上,射流200m/s,喷嘴直径10mm,喷嘴与抽吸口的空间位置关系是相对的,可以有效的开采油页岩矿藏。
目前,油页岩钻孔水力开采的孔底流场流体动力学参数计算仍停留在理论推导和数值模拟层面上,还有待于进行室内模拟实验和实际钻采的检验和修正。本文以上的研究内容只是钻孔水力开采技术应用到油页岩矿藏的开采的,孔底流场的流体动力学的基础性研究,将钻孔水力开采技术应用到油页岩勘探与开发领域还需要进一步深入的全面的研究工作。
With the high-speed development of national economy, the energy source consumption was staggeringly to growth. The supply-demand relationship of oil and gas becomes imbalance. Because of the development of national economy, it is an urgent need for unconventional oil-gas source to be explored and developed. Domestic oil shale development made clearly that only higher oil content was exploited by commercial exploitation. And most of the difficult development of the high-pressure, low oil content of oil shale, while also has mining potential. It must be based on advanced technology to make "hard extraction" of the oil shale resources into "recoverable" oil shale resources. Therefore, it was thought that the Bore Hydraulic Mining Technology was considered to be the new cost-effective method.
Bore Hydraulic Mining Technology called BHM for short. As an important part of mining technology, it was an advanced technology combined with water jet broken rock, the fluid particles pumping from the borehole bottom and continuous obtaining rock cuttings-sample into system.
This paper supported by the project of "the cooperation and innovation projects of oil shale exploration and development of production and research", undertaken by Construction Engineering College. The particle-flow of the hole bottom which was formed by BHM was the start of research. Then, for the drilling requirements, it needed to study of particle-flow including of the field velocity, pressure, nozzle diameter, and the distance of nozzle to suction-port and so on. It aimed to resolve oil shale transporting problems of bottom particle-flow by BHM. The main research and conclusions were as following:
1. Particle-fluid dynamic parameters of BHM was studied by the mathematical theory. The computational model was fit for BHM, which was derived based on the pressure and velocity.
2. Particle-flow field was simulated by CFD software, through the establishment of appropriate physical models and mathematical equations combined with the characteristic of BHM. It truly showed the flow forms and flow performance. Furthermore structure characteristics was comprehended by the flow forms and flow performance of the particle-flow field. Finally it revealed the effect of fluid dynamics parameters of the particle-flow field including diameter of nozzle and the distance between nozzle and pumping rim and so on.
(1) When the nozzle diameter was 10mm, it showed that larger jet velocity larger influence of the bottom of particle-flow field. The jet velocity chose 200m/s more appropriate.
(2) When the jet velocity was 200m/s, result showed the pressure of high pressure pump needed over 50MPa. If the compression strength of oil shale was 30MPa, the high pressure pump must was not less than 55MPa.
(3) The distance between nozzle and pumping rim was moderately. The nozzle put at the same horizontal direction as the pumping rim may as well.
(4) Nozzle diameter needed as small as possible, but considering of working life and material quality of nozzle, it should choose 10mm.
3. The simulated data for the reference test-bed design. The experimental table should be used 70MPa high-pressure pump,10mm nozzle and hydraulic cylinders should be selected more than 700kN thrust.
4. In short, the better fluid dynamics parameters was jet velocity 200m/s, high pressure pump 55MPa and nozzle diameter 10mm in the space size of 20m*10m.
At present, fluid dynamics parameters were still stay at the level of theoretical derivation and numerical simulation. They should be modified by experimentation of indoor and geological exploration and drilling of field. Above-mentioned content of study was only about oil shale BHM technique, which was confined BHM to exploit oil shale. And fundamental research investigated the fluid dynamics of the particle-flow field. It was thought that farther, general and larger work was needed to exploit oil shale by BHM.
引文
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