直流母线式光伏分布式发电系统能量管理研究
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摘要
随着人类对新能源利用的不断深入，直流母线式光伏分布式发电系统已经成为利用太阳能的一种新型的结构，而整个系统的能量管理策略成为了当前研究的热点。
本文在查阅大量国内外文献的基础上，研究了直流母线式光伏分布式发电系统的结构。对系统所包含的光伏电池单元，储能蓄电池单元，燃料电池单元的结构原理与特性进行了详细介绍。同时对相关的电力电子变换器接口双向直流变换器和三相逆变器进行了分析与仿真研究。此系统容易扩展，控制灵活，系统中多个能源单元以及负载间的协调稳定运行，能源利用率的提高及能量的协调控制至关重要，需要采用有效的能量管理策略对系统进行控制。在了解了直流母线式光伏分布式发电系统中各功能单元特征的基础上，介绍了能量管理的原理，提出了基于功率平衡方程的集中式能量管理策略。并对系统运行过程中的工作模式、模式间的切换及提出的能量管理方案进行了分析与仿真。基于双向变换器在系统中的工作特性，对系统模式切换时等功率控制盲区进行了研究，得出了相应的结论。
在仿真分析后，通过数字实验平台完成了光伏最大功率点跟踪实验和系统独立运行与并网运行的实验。仿真和实验的结果表明了本文提出的能量管理策略及系统控制方案的正确性和有效性。
With the deepening of using new energy, photovoltaic (PV) distributed generationsystem with DC bus has become a new type of structure in using solar energy. And theenergy management of the entire system is a hot topic of the study.
On the basis of reading a large number of related foreign and national literatures, thepaper researches on the structure of PV distributed generation system with DC bus. Theprinciple and the features of PV unit, battery unit and full cell unit are described in detail.At the same time, the power electronics converter interfaces including the bi-directionalDC/DC converters and three phase inverter are analyzed and simulated. This system iseasily extensible and flexible control. However, coordination between multiple energyunits and loads, improving the energy utilization and controlling the flow of energy are thecritical issues. So we should find the effective energy management strategy to control thesystem. In the understanding of the characteristics of each functional unit of the PVdistributed generation system with DC bus, the paper introduces the principles of energymanagement and proposes the centralized energy management strategy based on thepower balance equation. The paper does some simulation research of the system’soperating mode, the switching between the modes and the proposed energy managementmethod. Based on the operating characteristics of the bi-directional converter the paperdoes some research on the uncontrolled area when the power is equal, and draw thecorresponding conclusions.
After the simulation analysis, the paper does some experiments including PV MPPT,running independently and grid-connected of the whole system through the digitalexperiment platform. The simulation and experimental results show the correctness andvalidity of the proposed energy management strategy and the system control method.
本文在查阅大量国内外文献的基础上，研究了直流母线式光伏分布式发电系统的结构。对系统所包含的光伏电池单元，储能蓄电池单元，燃料电池单元的结构原理与特性进行了详细介绍。同时对相关的电力电子变换器接口双向直流变换器和三相逆变器进行了分析与仿真研究。此系统容易扩展，控制灵活，系统中多个能源单元以及负载间的协调稳定运行，能源利用率的提高及能量的协调控制至关重要，需要采用有效的能量管理策略对系统进行控制。在了解了直流母线式光伏分布式发电系统中各功能单元特征的基础上，介绍了能量管理的原理，提出了基于功率平衡方程的集中式能量管理策略。并对系统运行过程中的工作模式、模式间的切换及提出的能量管理方案进行了分析与仿真。基于双向变换器在系统中的工作特性，对系统模式切换时等功率控制盲区进行了研究，得出了相应的结论。
在仿真分析后，通过数字实验平台完成了光伏最大功率点跟踪实验和系统独立运行与并网运行的实验。仿真和实验的结果表明了本文提出的能量管理策略及系统控制方案的正确性和有效性。
With the deepening of using new energy, photovoltaic (PV) distributed generationsystem with DC bus has become a new type of structure in using solar energy. And theenergy management of the entire system is a hot topic of the study.
On the basis of reading a large number of related foreign and national literatures, thepaper researches on the structure of PV distributed generation system with DC bus. Theprinciple and the features of PV unit, battery unit and full cell unit are described in detail.At the same time, the power electronics converter interfaces including the bi-directionalDC/DC converters and three phase inverter are analyzed and simulated. This system iseasily extensible and flexible control. However, coordination between multiple energyunits and loads, improving the energy utilization and controlling the flow of energy are thecritical issues. So we should find the effective energy management strategy to control thesystem. In the understanding of the characteristics of each functional unit of the PVdistributed generation system with DC bus, the paper introduces the principles of energymanagement and proposes the centralized energy management strategy based on thepower balance equation. The paper does some simulation research of the system’soperating mode, the switching between the modes and the proposed energy managementmethod. Based on the operating characteristics of the bi-directional converter the paperdoes some research on the uncontrolled area when the power is equal, and draw thecorresponding conclusions.
After the simulation analysis, the paper does some experiments including PV MPPT,running independently and grid-connected of the whole system through the digitalexperiment platform. The simulation and experimental results show the correctness andvalidity of the proposed energy management strategy and the system control method.
引文
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[9] Duryea S, Islam S, lawrance W. A Battery Management System for Stand-alone PhotovoltaicEnergy Systems[J]. IEEE Industry Application magazine,2001,7(1):67-72
[10] Koizumi H, Kurokawa K. A Novel Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for PV ModuleIntegrated Converter[J]. Proc. IEEE PESC,2005:2081-2086
[11] Pacheco V M, Freitas L C, Vieira Jr J B, Coelho E A A, Farias V J. A DC-DC Converter Adequatefor Alternative Supply System Applications[J]. Proc. IEEE APEC,2002:1074-1080
[12]廖志凌,阮新波.一种独立光伏发电系统双向变换器的控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2008,23(1):97-102
[13]王立乔,孙孝峰.分布式发电系统中的光伏发电技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010:18-23,188-204
[14]高重晖,丁坚勇.微电网逆变器能量管理策略分析与应用[J].湖北电力,2010,34(3):1-4
[15]曾君,李敏,刘俊峰等.面向可再生能源的分布式发电系统的能量管理全局优化算法研究与应用[C].第29届中国控制会议,2010:1797-1801
[16]杨永健,李树秋,田志中.分布式系统负载均衡中基于模糊控制的参数自适应调整算法[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(7):1460-1463
[17]周恒俊,郭创新.面向智能配网的能量管理体系[J].高电压技术,2010,36(8):2088-2094
[18] Jeremy Lagorse, Damien Paire, Abdellatif Miraoui. A multi-agent system for energy managementof distributed power sources[J]. Renewable Energy,2010,35:174-182
[19] T. Logenthiran, DiptiSrinivasan, AshwinM.Khambadkone. Multi-agent system for energy resourcescheduling of integrated microgrids in a distributed system[J]. Electric Power Systems Research,2010:1-11
[20] J.Bryan, R.Duke, S.Round. Decentralized Generator Scheduling in a Nanogrid Using DC BusSignaling[J]. IEEE Industry Application magazine,2006,(7):2162-2174
[21] Per Karlsson, J rgen Svensson. Voltage Control and Load Sharing in DC Distribution Systems[J].EPE,2003:1-9
[22]陈昌松,段善旭,殷进军等.基于发电预测的分布式发电能量管理系统[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(3):150-156
[23]廖志凌,阮新波.独立光伏发电系统能量管理控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(21):46-52
[24] Alireza Soroudi, Mehdi Ehsan. A distribution network expansion planning model consideringdistributed generation options and techo-economical issues [J]. Energy,2010,(35):3364-3374
[25]苏建徽,余世杰,赵为.硅太阳电池工程用数学模型[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(4):409-412
[26]茆美琴,余世杰,苏建徽.带有MPPT功能的光伏阵列Matlab通用仿真模型[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(5):1248-1251
[27]赵晶.带有MPPT功能的光伏矩阵仿真模型[J].厦门理工学院学报,2008,16(3):53-56
[28]余世杰,何慧若,曹仁贤.光伏水泵系统中CVT及MPPT的控制比较[J].太阳能学报,1998,19(4):394-398
[29] J.Harada, G.Zhao. Controlled Power Interface between Solar Cells and AC Sources [J]. IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,1993,8(4):645-662
[30] Y.C.Kuo, T.J.Liang, J.F.Chen. Novel Maximum-Power-Point-Tracking Controller for PhotovoltaicEnergy Conversion System[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2001,48(3):594-601
[31] H.Koizumi, K.Kurokawa. A Novel Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for PV ModuleIntegrated Converter[C]. IEEE36th Annu. Power Electron. Specialists Conference,2005:2081-2086
[32] M. Godoy SimGes, N. N. Franceschetti, M. Friedhofer. A Fuzzy Logic Based Phot-ovoltaic PeakPower Tracking Controller[J]. IEEE. Proceedings of the1998Interna-tional Symposium onIndustrial Electronics, Pretoria, S Africa,1998:300-305
[33] A.M.A.Mahmoud, H.M.Mashaly, S.A.Kandil. Fuzzy Logic Implementation for PhotovoltaicMaximum Power Tracking[C].9th IEEE Int. Workshop Robot Human Interactive Commun.,Nagoya, Japan,2000:155-160
[34] Chao Kuei-Hsiang, Li Ching-Ju1, Wang Meng-Huei. A Maximum Power Point Tracking MethodBased on Extension Neural Network for PV Systems[C].6th International Symposium on NeuralNetworks, Wuhan, China,2009:745-755
[35] K.Ro, S.Rahman. Two-Loop Controller for Maximizing Performance of A Grid-ConnectedPhotovoltaic-Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Plant[J]. IEEE Trans.Energy Convers.1998,13(3):276-281
[36] Miao Zhang, Jie Wu, Hui Zhao. The Application of Slide Technology in PV Maximum PowerPoint Tracking System[C]. Fifth World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation.Hang-zhou, China,2004:5591-5594
[37]欧阳名三.独立光伏发电系统中蓄电池管理的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2004:13-16
[38] Matthew A. Charging Algorithms for Incresaing Lead Acid Battery Cycle Life for ElectricVehicles[J]. National Renewable Energy Laboratory1617Cole Boulecard,2002,14(3):651-659
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