差分OFDM系统与MIMO系统关键技术研究
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摘要
正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM)技术因其频谱利用率高、对信道多径时延抵抗力强等诸多优势而成为各种无线通信常用技术。如何有效地提高系统频谱效率和链路质量已成为当今无线通信系统设计的一大挑战,其中一条有效的解决途径是在系统的收发两端均配置多根天线来发送和接收信号,即组成多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO)系统。MIMO系统可以很容易实现无线信道的容量增益并获得无线信道的多维分集增益。OFDM技术和MIMO技术已成为当今先进无线传输技术的两大基石。
如何在快衰落信道环境下实现正交频分复用系统的高效调制并同时降低实现的复杂性,是当前正交频分复用技术研究的热点之一。针对相干正交频分复用系统,研究者们已提出大量的解决方案。但是,目前的解决方案存在综合性能不高的问题。现有的MIMO多天线传输系统虽然具有明显的优势,并已被新一代无线通信系统的主流协议所采纳,但其本身仍然存在一些问题。例如现有的多天线都安装在基站端,而移动终端则很难配置多天线。
鉴于如上所述,本文对正交频分复用的调制与解调问题进行了完整的和系统的研究,希望籍此分析改善相干调制技术的一些不足。并利用经典的四元数理论,对空时分组码进行了扩展性研究。所做的主要工作如下:
首先,在时变多径信道环境下本文推导得出了正交频分复用差分系统的信道间干扰功率理论表达式,还分别推导出正交频分复用中三类系统的有用信号功率与信道间干扰功率之比的理论表达式。
其次,研究分析了正交频分复用差分系统的信道干扰问题,得出信道中的多径延时干扰可引起星座图的同相位偏移,在系统的解调端,利用简单的相位估计得出同相位偏移量,并进行相位纠正。据此本文提出了一种新的针对正交频分复用差分系统的干扰噪声相位纠正解调方案。
之后,由前面得到的正交频分复用系统的信道干扰分析结论,本文进一步提出了一种新的协同频域差分调制与解调方案。该方案在可获得信道延时的先验知识的前提下,同过选择不同的协同差分调制长度进行正交频分复用调制;在不增加企图实现复杂度的情况下,充分利用系统各参数的设计,正交频分复用差分系统在时变多径信道环境下的抗干扰性能得到有效提高。因此在强延时、快时变的衰落信道下这种协同频域差分调制与解调方案可以得到很好的利用。
最后,基于天线的极化分集特性,利用四元数正交设计理论,在空时分组码中融入天线极化维资源,提出了一种新的三极化正交空时极分组码,该码字满足正交设计关系,可采用最大似然检测进行解码。与同条件下的经典空时分组码方案相比较,本方案可以更加有效地降低误码率,提高系统性能。
Orthorgonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) becomes one common technology in the high-speed communication system such as digital multimedia broadcasting owing to the high spectrum efficiency, robustness to multipath fading. One of the main drawbacks is sensitive to the time-variant interference, especially in using high level modulation. In OFDM systems, time-variant interference results in the interchannel interference (ICI). The ICI will gives in many system proplem such as spectrum efficience, complexity and error floor. Another wireless system design challenge is how to improve the system spectral efficiency and link quality, using multiple antennas in sending and receiving terminal to transmit signals is an effective solution, multiple-input multiple-output system. MIMO system can be easily obtained wireless channels to achieve spatial diversity gain and capacity of wireless channel gain. OFDM and MIMO technology has become the two cornerstones of advanced wireless transmission technology.
Now, the problem of how to use high level modulation in time-viarant mutipath channel and low complexity becomes a hot topic in the OFDM technology, and many schemes have been proposed. These schemes are based on coherent modulation. But, the major proplem of these schemes is low comprehensive performance, that is, the excessive pursuit of high performance, regardless of the side effect. While traditional multi-antenna transmission has obvious advantages, and has been a new generation of wireless communication system adopted by the mainstream protocol, but there are still problems. Specifically, the existing multi-antenna base stations are set up in the end, while the mobile terminal multi-antenna placement is difficult.
In this paper, the above problems for differential system are analyzed completely, at the same tiem, base on the classical quaternion theory, we extended study space-time block codes. The main works are described as follow:
First of all, the effects of the inter-channel interference (ICI) resulting from Doppler frequency and carrier offset on OFDM systems with various demodulation schemes are analyzed. To evaluate these effects, the signal-to-ICI ratio (SIR) has been derived for different demodulation systems. The results show time-variant characteristic of channel has different effects on different demodulation.
Sendly, the bit error rate (BER) of MDPSK-OFDM in frequency domain over HF fading channels is evaluated, the optimum value of subcarrier number is given and the upper and lower bound on BER is obtained. Improved frequency domain differential demodulation (FDDD) scheme for fast fading HF channel is proposed. Extensive computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme is superior to the conventional differential demodulation technique at fast fading HF channel. In addition, the convention differential demodulation scheme is sensitive to the value of subcarrier number in time-variant mutipah channel.
Thirdly, According to the analysis of channel interference, new block frequeny differential modulation and demodulation is suggested. New scheme selects the lenth of block according to the knowledge of delay spread. The performance of new scheme has obvious gain in time-variant multipath channel, without any addition of complexity. This scheme is very adapted to the environment of fast fading and strong delay spread such as bad HF channel enviroment.
Finally, based on characteristics of the antenna polarization diversity, using Quaternion orthogonal design theory, in the space-time block code into the antenna polarization-dimensional resources, design of a new three-pole polarized orthogonal space-time block code, the code words satisfy the orthogonal relations maximum likelihood detection can be used to decode. Under the same conditions, the classical space-time block code scheme comparison, the program to more effectively reduce the error rate and improve system performance.
如何在快衰落信道环境下实现正交频分复用系统的高效调制并同时降低实现的复杂性,是当前正交频分复用技术研究的热点之一。针对相干正交频分复用系统,研究者们已提出大量的解决方案。但是,目前的解决方案存在综合性能不高的问题。现有的MIMO多天线传输系统虽然具有明显的优势,并已被新一代无线通信系统的主流协议所采纳,但其本身仍然存在一些问题。例如现有的多天线都安装在基站端,而移动终端则很难配置多天线。
鉴于如上所述,本文对正交频分复用的调制与解调问题进行了完整的和系统的研究,希望籍此分析改善相干调制技术的一些不足。并利用经典的四元数理论,对空时分组码进行了扩展性研究。所做的主要工作如下:
首先,在时变多径信道环境下本文推导得出了正交频分复用差分系统的信道间干扰功率理论表达式,还分别推导出正交频分复用中三类系统的有用信号功率与信道间干扰功率之比的理论表达式。
其次,研究分析了正交频分复用差分系统的信道干扰问题,得出信道中的多径延时干扰可引起星座图的同相位偏移,在系统的解调端,利用简单的相位估计得出同相位偏移量,并进行相位纠正。据此本文提出了一种新的针对正交频分复用差分系统的干扰噪声相位纠正解调方案。
之后,由前面得到的正交频分复用系统的信道干扰分析结论,本文进一步提出了一种新的协同频域差分调制与解调方案。该方案在可获得信道延时的先验知识的前提下,同过选择不同的协同差分调制长度进行正交频分复用调制;在不增加企图实现复杂度的情况下,充分利用系统各参数的设计,正交频分复用差分系统在时变多径信道环境下的抗干扰性能得到有效提高。因此在强延时、快时变的衰落信道下这种协同频域差分调制与解调方案可以得到很好的利用。
最后,基于天线的极化分集特性,利用四元数正交设计理论,在空时分组码中融入天线极化维资源,提出了一种新的三极化正交空时极分组码,该码字满足正交设计关系,可采用最大似然检测进行解码。与同条件下的经典空时分组码方案相比较,本方案可以更加有效地降低误码率,提高系统性能。
Orthorgonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) becomes one common technology in the high-speed communication system such as digital multimedia broadcasting owing to the high spectrum efficiency, robustness to multipath fading. One of the main drawbacks is sensitive to the time-variant interference, especially in using high level modulation. In OFDM systems, time-variant interference results in the interchannel interference (ICI). The ICI will gives in many system proplem such as spectrum efficience, complexity and error floor. Another wireless system design challenge is how to improve the system spectral efficiency and link quality, using multiple antennas in sending and receiving terminal to transmit signals is an effective solution, multiple-input multiple-output system. MIMO system can be easily obtained wireless channels to achieve spatial diversity gain and capacity of wireless channel gain. OFDM and MIMO technology has become the two cornerstones of advanced wireless transmission technology.
Now, the problem of how to use high level modulation in time-viarant mutipath channel and low complexity becomes a hot topic in the OFDM technology, and many schemes have been proposed. These schemes are based on coherent modulation. But, the major proplem of these schemes is low comprehensive performance, that is, the excessive pursuit of high performance, regardless of the side effect. While traditional multi-antenna transmission has obvious advantages, and has been a new generation of wireless communication system adopted by the mainstream protocol, but there are still problems. Specifically, the existing multi-antenna base stations are set up in the end, while the mobile terminal multi-antenna placement is difficult.
In this paper, the above problems for differential system are analyzed completely, at the same tiem, base on the classical quaternion theory, we extended study space-time block codes. The main works are described as follow:
First of all, the effects of the inter-channel interference (ICI) resulting from Doppler frequency and carrier offset on OFDM systems with various demodulation schemes are analyzed. To evaluate these effects, the signal-to-ICI ratio (SIR) has been derived for different demodulation systems. The results show time-variant characteristic of channel has different effects on different demodulation.
Sendly, the bit error rate (BER) of MDPSK-OFDM in frequency domain over HF fading channels is evaluated, the optimum value of subcarrier number is given and the upper and lower bound on BER is obtained. Improved frequency domain differential demodulation (FDDD) scheme for fast fading HF channel is proposed. Extensive computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme is superior to the conventional differential demodulation technique at fast fading HF channel. In addition, the convention differential demodulation scheme is sensitive to the value of subcarrier number in time-variant mutipah channel.
Thirdly, According to the analysis of channel interference, new block frequeny differential modulation and demodulation is suggested. New scheme selects the lenth of block according to the knowledge of delay spread. The performance of new scheme has obvious gain in time-variant multipath channel, without any addition of complexity. This scheme is very adapted to the environment of fast fading and strong delay spread such as bad HF channel enviroment.
Finally, based on characteristics of the antenna polarization diversity, using Quaternion orthogonal design theory, in the space-time block code into the antenna polarization-dimensional resources, design of a new three-pole polarized orthogonal space-time block code, the code words satisfy the orthogonal relations maximum likelihood detection can be used to decode. Under the same conditions, the classical space-time block code scheme comparison, the program to more effectively reduce the error rate and improve system performance.
引文
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