低速风洞应变天平校准系统总体方案及关键部件设计与分析
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摘要
风洞天平是飞行器风洞气动力试验的关键核心设备,而天平校准装置是一种用于风洞天平校准的特殊计量标准设备,其性能直接影响天平的性能,进而影响飞行器风洞气动力试验结果的准确性。
本文对低速风洞应变天平自动复位体轴校准系统(简称LBCS-50K)的总体方案和关键技术环节进行了研究,提出了具体方案,并开展了研制工作。研制的天平校准系统由砝码自动加载系统、六自由度并联复位系统、加载头姿态及位移测量系统、数据采集系统、中央控制及数据处理系统及辅助装置等部分构成。
本文的研究工作主要包括三部分。一是总体方案研究,研究分析了当前国内外先进天平校准技术,结合项目的具体情况确定了LBCS-50K的总体技术路线,给出了系统工作原理,并对影响系统精准度的因素进行了分析。二是加载系统研制,分析了影响加载精准度的具体因素和影响规律,进而确定了加载系统的关键参数,并研制了一种新的砝码自动加载机构,该机构兼具串联挂钩型和组合型砝码自动加载方案的优点,载荷适应能力强,一次组装几乎可以校准所有给定设计载荷范围内的天平,避免了砝码串频繁组装及单调加载过程中的临时反向操作问题。三是研究了自动复位系统,确定了六自由度并联复位方案,并进行了初步设计计算;提出了基于多线阵CCD相机的加载头位移与姿态测量方法,分析了可行性、测量精度、影响精度的因素及对策,并对样机进行了测试,结果表明该方法工作可靠,满足要求。六自由度并联复位机构承载能力大、结构简单、复位精度容易保证;基于多线阵CCD相机的加载头位移与姿态测量技术具有结构简单、测量、维护便捷的特点,测量精度满足要求。
对该校准系统的分析与国内外同类系统的性能比较表明,LBCS-50K的各项性能指标属国际先进水平,它的成功设计和研究成果对提高我国风洞测力试验的精准度,对军、民机型号和高技术战略武器的研制均具有重要意义。
Wind tunnel strain-gauge balance is the core measuring device in the aerodynamic force-measuring test of aircraft in the wind tunnels. Static calibration equipment is a special standard metering device for strain-gauge balance calibration. The performance of static calibration equipment would effects the performance of balance, and the performance of the balance would effects the tests results on accuracy.
This thesis presents the research on general project and key technical links of low-speed wind tunnel automatic strain gauge balance static calibration system. The execution project and development are also presented. The system consists of automatic weight loading system, six-degrees-of-freedom parallel resetting system, attitude and displacement measurement system, data acquisition system, central control system, data processing system and auxiliary devices.
The main works discussed in this thesis includes the following:
The first, research and design on the general project. According to the analyzation of some advanced calibration equipment at home and abroad, and based on specific situation of project, the overall technical route and work principle are laid out, the analysis of factors influencing system accuracy is also presented.
The second, research and design on loading system. According to the analyzation of specific factors and rule of the effect, the key parameters of loading system are determined, a new automatic weight loading project is provided. The weight loading project has advantages of both series weights and combined weights, has the good adaptability of weight, different design load balance just need single weights assembly, which avoid inverse operating caused by repeat weights assembly and dull loading work.
The third, research and design on automatic resetting system. The primary design calculation of six-degrees-of-freedom parallel resetting system is exposited.The paper present the attitude and displacement measurement principle of Loading device based on multi-CCD Array camera. The feasibility, measuring accuracy, factors influencing accuracy and countermeasures are also expounded. The six-degrees-of-freedom parallel resetting system has higher limit of load capacity, simple structure and resetting precision guaranteed. The attitude and displacement measurement system of Loading device based on multi-CCD Array camera has simple structure, convenience to measurement ,easy to be refit and maintained, easy to meet the requirement of precision.
Compare to the calibration system at home and abroad, and the performance of this equipment already reached the international advanced level. It is essential for improving aerodynamic force-measuring test results accuracy, developing of aircraft in military, civil areas and high technology strategy weaponry.
本文对低速风洞应变天平自动复位体轴校准系统(简称LBCS-50K)的总体方案和关键技术环节进行了研究,提出了具体方案,并开展了研制工作。研制的天平校准系统由砝码自动加载系统、六自由度并联复位系统、加载头姿态及位移测量系统、数据采集系统、中央控制及数据处理系统及辅助装置等部分构成。
本文的研究工作主要包括三部分。一是总体方案研究,研究分析了当前国内外先进天平校准技术,结合项目的具体情况确定了LBCS-50K的总体技术路线,给出了系统工作原理,并对影响系统精准度的因素进行了分析。二是加载系统研制,分析了影响加载精准度的具体因素和影响规律,进而确定了加载系统的关键参数,并研制了一种新的砝码自动加载机构,该机构兼具串联挂钩型和组合型砝码自动加载方案的优点,载荷适应能力强,一次组装几乎可以校准所有给定设计载荷范围内的天平,避免了砝码串频繁组装及单调加载过程中的临时反向操作问题。三是研究了自动复位系统,确定了六自由度并联复位方案,并进行了初步设计计算;提出了基于多线阵CCD相机的加载头位移与姿态测量方法,分析了可行性、测量精度、影响精度的因素及对策,并对样机进行了测试,结果表明该方法工作可靠,满足要求。六自由度并联复位机构承载能力大、结构简单、复位精度容易保证;基于多线阵CCD相机的加载头位移与姿态测量技术具有结构简单、测量、维护便捷的特点,测量精度满足要求。
对该校准系统的分析与国内外同类系统的性能比较表明,LBCS-50K的各项性能指标属国际先进水平,它的成功设计和研究成果对提高我国风洞测力试验的精准度,对军、民机型号和高技术战略武器的研制均具有重要意义。
Wind tunnel strain-gauge balance is the core measuring device in the aerodynamic force-measuring test of aircraft in the wind tunnels. Static calibration equipment is a special standard metering device for strain-gauge balance calibration. The performance of static calibration equipment would effects the performance of balance, and the performance of the balance would effects the tests results on accuracy.
This thesis presents the research on general project and key technical links of low-speed wind tunnel automatic strain gauge balance static calibration system. The execution project and development are also presented. The system consists of automatic weight loading system, six-degrees-of-freedom parallel resetting system, attitude and displacement measurement system, data acquisition system, central control system, data processing system and auxiliary devices.
The main works discussed in this thesis includes the following:
The first, research and design on the general project. According to the analyzation of some advanced calibration equipment at home and abroad, and based on specific situation of project, the overall technical route and work principle are laid out, the analysis of factors influencing system accuracy is also presented.
The second, research and design on loading system. According to the analyzation of specific factors and rule of the effect, the key parameters of loading system are determined, a new automatic weight loading project is provided. The weight loading project has advantages of both series weights and combined weights, has the good adaptability of weight, different design load balance just need single weights assembly, which avoid inverse operating caused by repeat weights assembly and dull loading work.
The third, research and design on automatic resetting system. The primary design calculation of six-degrees-of-freedom parallel resetting system is exposited.The paper present the attitude and displacement measurement principle of Loading device based on multi-CCD Array camera. The feasibility, measuring accuracy, factors influencing accuracy and countermeasures are also expounded. The six-degrees-of-freedom parallel resetting system has higher limit of load capacity, simple structure and resetting precision guaranteed. The attitude and displacement measurement system of Loading device based on multi-CCD Array camera has simple structure, convenience to measurement ,easy to be refit and maintained, easy to meet the requirement of precision.
Compare to the calibration system at home and abroad, and the performance of this equipment already reached the international advanced level. It is essential for improving aerodynamic force-measuring test results accuracy, developing of aircraft in military, civil areas and high technology strategy weaponry.
引文
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[2]顾兴若.从“首届应变天平国际会议”看天平技术的发展动向.流体力学实验与测量. 1997.11
[3]刘永昌等.风洞天平校准设备研制.回顾与建议.气动实验与测量控制. 1989.01
[4]陈淳等.全自动低速风洞应变天平体轴校准系统研制论证报告. CARDC-1. 2003.5
[5] N. Ulbrich. Application Of A New Calibration Analysis Process To The MK–III–C Balance. 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. 9-12 January 2006, Reno, Nevada
[6] Frank W. Steinle.Calibration of Strain-Gage Balance for Thermal Effects. 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. January 14-17, 2002/Reno, NV
[7]王金印.低速风洞应变天平地轴系校准架设计. CARDC-1. 1991.7
[8]萧泰顺等.风洞试验装备技术性能测试规范. CARDC. 2003
[9]刘伯均等.中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所质量管理手册. CARDC-1. 2005.7
[10]江桂清.气动天平新的静校方法.新的工作公式和新的数据处理方法. CARDC-1. 1992.09
[11] Maria L.C.C. Reis. Calbration Uncertainty of anExternal 6-Compnet Wind Tunnel Balance. 33rd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. 23-26 June 2003, Orlando, Florida
[12]王金印.应变天平地轴校、体轴校对比的一些问题.实验流体力学.第19卷第2期.2005.06
[13]E.C. Brown. A Heavy Duty Balance Calibration Machine for the RAE 5m Low Speed Wind Tunnel.Royl Aircraft Esrablishment. Technical Report 79039, April 1979
[14]于昆龙.跨超声速风洞天平自动补偿校准系统研制技术总结. CARDC-2, 1998.08
[15]马护生等. BCL-30000全自动无砝码自动补偿天平校准系统及不确定度分析,CARDC-2,1998.12
[16]王金印. ABCS-300天平自动校准系统.航天空气动力技术研究院,2006.10
[17] Ulrich Janson. Balance activities within EWA (Strain gauge balances development). Fifht International Symposium on Strain-gauge Balances, May 2006, Aussois.France
[18]GéRARD GRENAT. Calbration Benches and Calibration Procerdure in the Modane– Avrieux test center. Fifht International Symposium on Strain-gauge Balances, May 2006, Aussois.France
[19]陈淳等.低速风洞应变天平体轴校准系统研制可行性论证. CARDC-1, 2005-05
[20]Gustav Lngmar.Johson. A new master balance for the MK-15 Calibration Rig at FFA. NASA Langley Rearch Center H. ampton Virginia, USA.1996.11
[21]顾兴若等. T1500风洞天平校准装置MK15和校准方法. CARDC, 1992.08
[22]G.I. Johnson.A New Type of Calibration Rig For Wind Tunnel Balances.the Aeronautical Research Institute of Sweden,FFA
[23]高志东等.自动加载装置在FD-09低速风洞塔式六分量天平静校中的应用.北京空气动力研究院.
[24]Maria L.C.C. Reis Method for estimation of the calibration uncertainty of an external six-component wind tunnel balance. 22nd AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference.24-26 June 2002, St. Louis, Missouri
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