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会展旅游的运作模式与管理机制研究
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摘要
会展旅游作为一种新兴的旅游方式,涉及饭店、餐饮、购物、交通、通讯、广告、咨询等诸多部门,具有巨大的市场价值和诸多传统旅游产品无法比拟的优越性,越来越受到众多国家和城市的重视。据国际大会和会议协会统计,每年全世界举行的,参加国超过4个、参会外宾超过50名的国际会议达40万个以上,全世界每年由此收益达到2800亿美元。
     会展旅游在许多发达国家早已进入商业化阶段,成为商务旅游的支柱。我国会展旅游自20世纪90年代以来,发展迅速,行业效益逐年提高,初步形成分别以北京、上海、广州为中心的京津、长三角、珠三角三大会展旅游城市群。但与会展旅游发达国家相比,我国会展旅游仍属起步阶段,在运作和管理上,政府行为明显、市场营销滞后、行业分工协作较差,导致会展业和旅游业关系松散、会展活动对一般观众缺乏吸引力以及旅游部门对会展业的支撑作用明显不足。为进一步发展我国会展旅游,通过借鉴国际会展旅游发展水平先进国家和城市的经验,构建一种适合我国城市发展会展旅游的运作模式,建立起与我国国情相适应的会展旅游管理机制就显得十分必要。
     广州是被誉为“中国第一展——广交会”的举办地,是国内仅次于北京和上海的第三大会展城市,同时广州又是中国优秀旅游城市之一。广州会展业近年以年均29%的速度快速发展。2005年,由会展业拉动的旅游消费高达36.19亿元,其中拉动旅游外汇收入2.40亿美元。但由于会展旅游中心地形象不明晰、对会展旅游缺乏充分认识、场馆设施与国际先进水平有差距、运作和管理等方面问题,使广州发展会展旅游存在一些障碍。针对这些问题,找出发展对策,有利于加快广州建成国际性会展城市,发展成为国际性会展旅游目的地。
     本文在分析国内外会展旅游相关研究进展的基础上,从两个方面着手进行研究。一是通过理论研究方面的探索,对会展与旅游的关系、会展旅游的概念、会展旅游的特点、功能进行辨析及界定。指出会展旅游是人们由于会议、展览的原因离开自己的常住地前往会议、展览举办地的旅行和短暂逗留活动,以及这一活动引起的各种现象和关系的总和。根据参加者参加活动类型的不同,可细分为会议旅游和展览旅游两种。通过对会展旅游运作模式内涵的阐述,及中外会展旅游发展概况、运作模式的比较,提出我国应借鉴国际上会展旅游发展水平先进国家和城市的经验,构建以旅行社为主体的运作模式,建立起以政府会展旅游主管机构和会展旅游行业协会为主的管理机制。明确各管理实体的职能,促使会展旅游最终转向完全市场化运作模式。二是以广州市为例进行实证研究,通过对发展条件、竞争态势、现状及存在问题等方面的分析,提出广州会展旅游应走政府推动与市场化运作相结合的发展之路,构建政府主管部门宏观调控——行业协会管理——市场运作——企业自主经营的会展旅游运作管理体制,并采取依靠科技提升会展旅游的竞争力内涵,注重会展旅游人才培养,加强广州会展业与周边省市的互动等策略,将广州发展成为国际知名会展旅游目的地之一。
MICE tourism is a tremendous industry in the world. It involved food and beverage industry, shopping, travel, communication, advertisement and consultation and etc.It has superiority that enormous market value and a great deal of traditional travelling products are incomparable, more and more countries and cities attach importance to MICE tourism. According to ICCA, the production value of International Meeting is 280 billion dollars every year.
     MICE tourism entered commercialized stage in a lot of developed countries for a long time, becomes a great part of the business tourism. China's MICE tourism industy growed dramatically since 1990s, the benefit is improved annually, and it has formed three major group MICE cities taking Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou as the centre. But compared with the developed country, China's MICE tourism still belongs to the starting stage, in operation and management, government dominant, the marketing lags behind, the trade division is bad, cause MICE industry and tourism industry relate loosely, MICE activities lack attraction to general audience and the support in MICE industry of tourism department is obviously not enough. In order to develope MICE tourism of our country, it is necessary to study the experience of the developed country and compare the modes between oversea and China, then find out a workable mode and set up suitable management mechanism to fit our country.
     Guangzhou praised as "China 1st Fair—The canton Fair", is the third major MICE city inland, only inferior to Beijing and Shanghai. Guangzhou also is one of China Excellent Tourism City. The MICE industry of Guangzhou has developed by average 29%annually in recent years. In 2005, the tourism consumption spured by MICE industry is up to 3,619 million yuan, and the foreign exchange is 240 million dollars. But the image of MICE tourism destination is not clear, lacks cognition of MICE tourism, equipment is behind the international advanced level, and problems like operation and management, etc., make the development of Guangzhou's MICE tourism existed some obstacles. Find out the countermeasures to these problems is helpful to accelerate Guangzhou to be one of the international MICE tourism destinations.
     On the basis of analyzing the relevant research of domestic and international MICE tourism, this paper carries on investigation from two aspects. One is theoretical study, throught analysing the relationship, concept and characteristic of MICE tourism, comparing the status quo and operation mode between oversea and China, bring forward that our country should study the experience of the advanced country, construct the operational mode taking travel agency as main body, set up management mechanism of relying mainly on the travel responsible institution of government and MICE tourism association, impel MICE tourism turns to to be market-based operational mode totally. Another is take Guangzhou as an example, through analysing in respects such as condition, competition situation, current situation and existing problem, etc., suggest that Guangzhou's MICE tourism should take a mode which government supervise, combined with association management, market-based operation, enterprise self-running, and take tactics such as depend on technology to promote the competitive position of MICE tourism, pay attention to the training, and strengthen contact with ambient provinces and cities, etc., develop Guangzhou into one of the famous international MICE tourism destinations.
引文
⑤ 数据来源:2006年广州统计年鉴
    ⑥ 数据来源:2006年广州统计年鉴
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