稀土分离过程环境协调性评价
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摘要
随着资源紧缺、环境问题突出,产品价格中环境价值缺失而引起的价值偏低现象普遍存在。环境协调性评价作为环境管理工具和预防性的环境保护手段,是一种重要的环境评价方法,已经广泛地应用在各个领域。尽管我国稀土分离技术达到了世界先进水平,但通过多种文献检索,国内尚没有研究机构或学者对稀土分离开展环境协调性评价方面的研究。本文以赣南特有的重稀土分离过程为研究对象,对其生产过程中的每个工序进行了环境协调性评价研究:如不同稀土分离工艺、工艺的清单分析、明确环境协调性评价的边界、目标和二级指标环境协调性评价体系,在体系中设立了资源因子量、能源因子量、废弃物因子、环境噪声因子、废弃物占用面积因子和产品性能因子作为一级指标,矿物资源、水资源、回收资源、成品原料、粉尘、废弃物等作为二级指标,评价稀土分离生产流程环境负荷主要是针对资源、能源和废弃物因子量进行评价;建立了综合相对环境指数模型,分别计算出P507和P204工艺的环境负荷综合值,从计算结果分析可知,采用P507工艺所产生的环境负荷更小;通过对输入/输出法(I/O)进行分析,推导出资源因子、能源因子、废弃稀土混合矿因子等环境因子累积模型,根据国际标准或国家标准结合当地标准对其资源因子当量系数进行了修正,并对稀土分离过程中环境负荷超标模型进行了计算,结果表明:采用P507工艺能降低环境负荷,减少环境排放量;为了评价更为科学,基于模糊理论对多目标环境负荷模型进行了优化;明确了稀土分离清洁生产技术与环境效益的关系及对环境负荷的影响,计算了稀土分离全流程实施清洁生产前后综合环境相对指数(IREI=0.748)。经分析,实施清洁生产可使稀土分离的环境负荷降低25.2%,其中以废气因子的减少量为主,减少95%;资源因子、能源因子、废水因子、废渣因子环境负荷各有降低,减少量分别为5%、12%、9%、5%,提出了推进清洁生产的对策。通过该课题的研究,为稀土分离过程环境影响改进评价提供参考依据,为环境协调性研究结果的实际应用提供一种新思路。
With the shortage of resources and environmental issues outstanding, the phenomenon of low value caused by lack of environment values in product prices is widespread. As a tool for environmental management and preventive measures, life cycle assessment is an important method of environmental assessment and it has been widely used in various fields. Although our skills of rare earth separation reach to the world advanced level, there are no research institutions and scholars to carry out life cycle assessment for rare earth separation in domestic through a variety of literature search.
In this paper, it uses heavy rare earth separation process, which is only in Gannan of Jiangxi, as the research object, and makes life cycle assessment for each process of the production process: such as rare earth separation process; process of inventory analysis; and making clear the boundary, goals and second-rate index system of life cycle assessment. Resources factor, energy factor, waste factor, environmental noise factor, waste footprint and product performance factor will be the level indicators in the system, while mineral resources, water resources, recycling resources, raw materials, finished products, dust and waste will be the secondary indicators. Evaluation for environmental impact of rare earth separation process is mainly for resources, energy and waste factor. Integrated related environmental index model has been established and environmental load consolidated value of P507 and P204 has been calculated respectively, so we can analyze from the results that the environmental load is smaller when use the process of P507. Though the input/output method (I/O) analysis, we can deduce the accumulative environmental factor models such as resources, energy factor, mixed rare earth mine waste and other environmental factors. According to international standards or national standards with local standards, its resources factor equivalent coefficient is modified, and the accumulative environmental load models in rare earth separation process is calculated. The results show that P507 process could reduce the environmental load and reduce environmental emissions. In order to evaluate more scientific, multi-objective environmental load model which based on fuzzy theory has been optimized. The relationship between the cleaner production of rare earth separation process and environmental benefits has been cleared, and integrated environmental relative index of the whole rare earth separation process has been calculated(IREI=0.748). It is analyzed that environmental load of the rare earth separation can be reduced by 25.2% with the clearer production used. Waste factor reduces sharply by 95%; the environmental load of resources factor, energy factor, wastewater factor and waste factor reduces by 5%、12%、9%、5% respectively, which brings a strategy for cleaner production. This research provides new references for the improvement of the effect of the rare earth separation to the environment, and opens a new avenue for the application of research results of life cycle assessment.
With the shortage of resources and environmental issues outstanding, the phenomenon of low value caused by lack of environment values in product prices is widespread. As a tool for environmental management and preventive measures, life cycle assessment is an important method of environmental assessment and it has been widely used in various fields. Although our skills of rare earth separation reach to the world advanced level, there are no research institutions and scholars to carry out life cycle assessment for rare earth separation in domestic through a variety of literature search.
In this paper, it uses heavy rare earth separation process, which is only in Gannan of Jiangxi, as the research object, and makes life cycle assessment for each process of the production process: such as rare earth separation process; process of inventory analysis; and making clear the boundary, goals and second-rate index system of life cycle assessment. Resources factor, energy factor, waste factor, environmental noise factor, waste footprint and product performance factor will be the level indicators in the system, while mineral resources, water resources, recycling resources, raw materials, finished products, dust and waste will be the secondary indicators. Evaluation for environmental impact of rare earth separation process is mainly for resources, energy and waste factor. Integrated related environmental index model has been established and environmental load consolidated value of P507 and P204 has been calculated respectively, so we can analyze from the results that the environmental load is smaller when use the process of P507. Though the input/output method (I/O) analysis, we can deduce the accumulative environmental factor models such as resources, energy factor, mixed rare earth mine waste and other environmental factors. According to international standards or national standards with local standards, its resources factor equivalent coefficient is modified, and the accumulative environmental load models in rare earth separation process is calculated. The results show that P507 process could reduce the environmental load and reduce environmental emissions. In order to evaluate more scientific, multi-objective environmental load model which based on fuzzy theory has been optimized. The relationship between the cleaner production of rare earth separation process and environmental benefits has been cleared, and integrated environmental relative index of the whole rare earth separation process has been calculated(IREI=0.748). It is analyzed that environmental load of the rare earth separation can be reduced by 25.2% with the clearer production used. Waste factor reduces sharply by 95%; the environmental load of resources factor, energy factor, wastewater factor and waste factor reduces by 5%、12%、9%、5% respectively, which brings a strategy for cleaner production. This research provides new references for the improvement of the effect of the rare earth separation to the environment, and opens a new avenue for the application of research results of life cycle assessment.
引文
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