WebGIS应用技术研究
摘要
WebGIS是在Internet或Intranet网络环境下的一种存储、处理、分析、显示和应用地理信息的计算机信息系统。其主要研究内容是：如何通过Internet发布电子地图，即采用浏览器／服务器的计算模式，在客户方不需要任何特殊的配置便可进行交互式地图操作。
本文分析和比较了目前WebGIS所采用的分布式计算模式、空间数据存储管理技术、数据的网络传输技术以及WebGIS的各种实现技术的不足，结合当前GIS技术和数据库技术的发展，提出了采用空间数据库实现对空间数据和属性数据的统一存储和管理、采用GML作为空间数据的网络传输格式的一种WebGIS解决方案，并在此基础上使用Java实现了一个基于Oracle Spatial和GML的WebGIS实验系统。
重点解决了多层分布式计算模式下的WebGIS系统的开发、GML应用Schema的定义、Oracle Spatial与GML的数据格式转换、GML文档的解析与空间数据的显示等问题。为集成Oracle Spatial与GML的应用进行了有益的尝试。
WebGIS is a computer information system, which can store, manipulate, analyze, display and use geographic information in Internet/Intranet environment. It pays a great attention to how to deliver electric maps through Internet, which means that the user can manipulate a map interactively in browser/server environment, and need not to install any GIS soft in the client side.
In this article, we compare and analyze the model of distributed computation, the technologies of storage and management of spatial data, the technologies of geographic data transmission in Internet, and the methods of developing WebGIS. Combined with the developments of GIS and database, a WebGIS solution is presented, which uses spatial database to manage spatial data and non-spatial attribute data, and uses GML as the transmission format of geographic data in Internet. At last, we use Java to develop an experimental WebGIS system, which is based on Oracle Spatial and GML.
In this article we lay special stress on the settlement of several problems such as the development method of WebGIS according to the multi-layer distributed computational model, the data transformation between Oracle spatial and GML, and the method of parsing and presenting geographic data in GML format. The models and methods presented in the paper are useful for the development of WebGIS applications, which combines Oracle Spatial and GML.
本文分析和比较了目前WebGIS所采用的分布式计算模式、空间数据存储管理技术、数据的网络传输技术以及WebGIS的各种实现技术的不足，结合当前GIS技术和数据库技术的发展，提出了采用空间数据库实现对空间数据和属性数据的统一存储和管理、采用GML作为空间数据的网络传输格式的一种WebGIS解决方案，并在此基础上使用Java实现了一个基于Oracle Spatial和GML的WebGIS实验系统。
重点解决了多层分布式计算模式下的WebGIS系统的开发、GML应用Schema的定义、Oracle Spatial与GML的数据格式转换、GML文档的解析与空间数据的显示等问题。为集成Oracle Spatial与GML的应用进行了有益的尝试。
WebGIS is a computer information system, which can store, manipulate, analyze, display and use geographic information in Internet/Intranet environment. It pays a great attention to how to deliver electric maps through Internet, which means that the user can manipulate a map interactively in browser/server environment, and need not to install any GIS soft in the client side.
In this article, we compare and analyze the model of distributed computation, the technologies of storage and management of spatial data, the technologies of geographic data transmission in Internet, and the methods of developing WebGIS. Combined with the developments of GIS and database, a WebGIS solution is presented, which uses spatial database to manage spatial data and non-spatial attribute data, and uses GML as the transmission format of geographic data in Internet. At last, we use Java to develop an experimental WebGIS system, which is based on Oracle Spatial and GML.
In this article we lay special stress on the settlement of several problems such as the development method of WebGIS according to the multi-layer distributed computational model, the data transformation between Oracle spatial and GML, and the method of parsing and presenting geographic data in GML format. The models and methods presented in the paper are useful for the development of WebGIS applications, which combines Oracle Spatial and GML.
引文
[1]吴信才，地理信息系统与实现，电子工业出版社，2002
[2]邬伦，刘瑜等，地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用，科学出版社，2001
[3]Michael N．DeMers著，武法东等译，地理信息系统基本原理(第二版)，电子工业出版社，2001
[4]Zhong Ren Peng, An Assessment of the Development of Internet GIS, Proceedings of the ESRI User Conference, 1997
[5]常乐，WebGIS应用技术研究，国防科技大学硕士论文，2001
[6]修文群，地理信息系统数字化城市建设指南，北京希望电子出版社，2001
[7]陈述彭，鲁学军等，地理信息系统导论，科学出版社，1999
[8]杨崇俊，王宇翔等，万维网地理信息系统发展及前景，中国图像图形学报，2001．09
[9]宋关福，钟尔顺，王尔琪，WebGIS——基于Internet的地理信息系统，中国图像图形学报，1998．03
[10]李琦，杨超伟等，WebGIS中的地理关系数据库模型研究，中国图像图形学报，2000．02
[11]IBM Corporation, IBM DB2 Spatial Extender User'sGuide and Reference, Version7
[12]Informix Corporation, Working with the Geodetic and Spatial DataBlade Modules
[13]Oracle Corporation, Spatial User's Guide and Reference(Release 9.0.1), http://otn.oracle.com
[14]OGC, OpenGIS Geography Markup Language (GML)2.0, http://www.opengis.net
[15]孙一中，XML理论和应用基础，北京邮电大学出版社，2000
[16]Mark Reinhold, An XML Data-binding Facility for the Java Platform, Sun Microsystems White Paper, 1999.07
[17]http://castor.exolab.org
[18]Paul J．Perrone等著，张志伟等译，J2EE构建企业系统专家级解决方案，清华大学出版社，2001
[19]Oracle Corporation, JDBC Developer's Guide and Reference
[20]Oracle Corporation, Oracle Spatial Java Library User's Guide, http://otn.oracle.com
[21]http://www.geotools.org
[2]邬伦，刘瑜等，地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用，科学出版社，2001
[3]Michael N．DeMers著，武法东等译，地理信息系统基本原理(第二版)，电子工业出版社，2001
[4]Zhong Ren Peng, An Assessment of the Development of Internet GIS, Proceedings of the ESRI User Conference, 1997
[5]常乐，WebGIS应用技术研究，国防科技大学硕士论文，2001
[6]修文群，地理信息系统数字化城市建设指南，北京希望电子出版社，2001
[7]陈述彭，鲁学军等，地理信息系统导论，科学出版社，1999
[8]杨崇俊，王宇翔等，万维网地理信息系统发展及前景，中国图像图形学报，2001．09
[9]宋关福，钟尔顺，王尔琪，WebGIS——基于Internet的地理信息系统，中国图像图形学报，1998．03
[10]李琦，杨超伟等，WebGIS中的地理关系数据库模型研究，中国图像图形学报，2000．02
[11]IBM Corporation, IBM DB2 Spatial Extender User'sGuide and Reference, Version7
[12]Informix Corporation, Working with the Geodetic and Spatial DataBlade Modules
[13]Oracle Corporation, Spatial User's Guide and Reference(Release 9.0.1), http://otn.oracle.com
[14]OGC, OpenGIS Geography Markup Language (GML)2.0, http://www.opengis.net
[15]孙一中，XML理论和应用基础，北京邮电大学出版社，2000
[16]Mark Reinhold, An XML Data-binding Facility for the Java Platform, Sun Microsystems White Paper, 1999.07
[17]http://castor.exolab.org
[18]Paul J．Perrone等著，张志伟等译，J2EE构建企业系统专家级解决方案，清华大学出版社，2001
[19]Oracle Corporation, JDBC Developer's Guide and Reference
[20]Oracle Corporation, Oracle Spatial Java Library User's Guide, http://otn.oracle.com
[21]http://www.geotools.org