吉林省农村劳动力流动问题系统分析与实证研究
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摘要
本文采用理论与实践、定性与定量相结合的分析方法,以吉林省农村劳动力流动问题为主线进行系统分析与深入考察。在对我国农村劳动力流动基本情况进行了深入分析的基础上,通过采用德尔菲和DEMATEL法建立了直接影响矩阵并对其影响因素进行分析;采用社会网络分析方法,通过对长春市农村劳动力的深入调查,分析了社会关系网络对农村劳动力流动的积极效应和消极效应,并提出相应对策;定义了农村劳动力流动系统及其特征,分析了系统的组成、外界环境、功能、状态与演化,重点阐述了农村劳动力流动系统的相互作用机理;把热力学的熵理论引入到吉林省农村劳动力流动系统中,计算出系统的熵值,经过分析得出结论:该系统向有序方向发展演化。并依据熵理论,结合吉林省省情,提出了相应措施。以和谐理论为基础,结合吉林省实证对农村劳动力流动系统的和谐性进行综合分析,建立了系统和谐性指标体系并进行评价,得到结论:吉林省农村劳动力流动系统从不和谐状态到较和谐状态演化。这一结果与系统的熵值结果共同说明了吉林省农村劳动力流动系统是一种向上的演化。
The rural labor force transfer can strengthen the connection between city andcountryside, promote peasant's income level, and is the key way to solve the 3dimensional agrarian issues. The report of 16th national congress of communistparty of china pointed out:“The rural labor force transfer is inevitable tendency ofChina's industrialization and modernization”, besides, the goal of well-off societyand the No.1 file of 2004 had offered policy support to the reasonable and orderlyrural labor force transfer at the same time. By referring to domestic andinternational successful experience, this paper studied Jilin province's rural laborforce transfer issue basing on theory and practice, qualitative and quantitativeanalytical methods and combined system engineering theory at the same time. Atfirst, the author investigated Jilin province's rural labor force transfer situationcarefully, took this issue as a complex systematic project and carried on researchseriously, and put forward some appropriate countermeasures at last. So, thepurpose of this study is to promote Jilin province's rural labor force transfer level,boost the development of rural economy, solve the 3 dimensional agrarian issues,impulse the rural reconstruction and well-off society construction of Jilin province.
The main studies and conclusions are as follows:
1. The author set up 20 pieces of index from society and economy, family andindividual, natural environment and production technology at first. Then, shedesigned Directed Effect Matrix of every influencing factor of rural labor forcetransfer based on Delphi and DEMATEL methods, and analyzed the main influence
factors following. In this chapter, the author drew the conclusions as follows:society and economy is the most important reason of rural labor force transfer, andthe major influence factors of rural labor force transfer are the system of registeredpermanent residence, the market segmentation of labor force and the quality oflabor force.2. The author investigated the rural of labor force of Changchun city carefully,took all the labor forces as an unit, studied the social network relation among thelabor forces based on the information transmission relation of them by taking"relation" as penetration, and used a new research technique of social science-social network analysis. Then, the author analyzed the positive effect of socialrelation network for the rural labor force transfer, and got a series of conclusions asfollows: social relation network is an important way of resource collocation, it maybring a lot of useful information to the outward labor forces, and it's importantchannel to seek social support, so, it can increased the possibility of rural laborforce transfer. But social relation network has negative effect at the same time, forexample, it can form isolation easily, and the excessive local social relationnetwork can release social inequality easily. So, the author suggested that thegovernment should think much of the positive effect of social network whileeliminating negative effect with great efforts, and made society relation networkcombine with formal system effectively in order to expand peasant's informationsource. At the same time, people should pay great attention to internal conformityand the network chain gathers of the rural labor force network too. Besides, wemust make great efforts to perfect labor force market not only in city but also incountryside to enhance its function of resources collocation, and speed up thesocial security system construction between city and countryside to promote therural labor force transfer.3. The rural labor force transfer system is an organic whole which is made ofpeople, rural economy, society, population, the resources and environmental factor,etc. It can drive the countryside surplus labor force transfer steadily and orderlybecause of its specific structure. It has characteristics of the integrity, the opening
and compound, the dynamic, the correlation coordination, the feedback and theadjustable. Essentially, the rural labor force transfer system is a compoundecosystem which has the diffusion structure, its basic function is the exchangefunction of each related kind of people transfer, Logistics and information flow,and its special function is the rural labor force resources collocate, namely it canguide and promote the rural labor force transfer steadily and orderly. The authordivided the external environment of rural labor force transfer system into politicalenvironment, legal environment, economic environment, humanities environment,educational environment and technical environment. After analyzing the course ofour country's rural labor force transfer, the author drew the conclusion that the rurallabor force transfer system is an upward evolution. At last, the author expatiated themutual action mechanism of the rural labor force transfer system from thefollowing four aspects: (1) Mutual function between subsystems;(2) Mutualfunction between internal factors;(3) Mutual function between externalenvironment factors;(4) Mutual function between system and externalenvironment.4. The author introduced thermodynamics entropy theory to the rural laborforce transfer system, and expounded the reason that entropy produces in rurallabor force transfer system, namely the system resources produce invalid energyconsume between inside and outside movement of the system. Then, in order todescribe the disorderly degree of the system, the author defined the invaliddiffusion energy which stores in the rural labor force transfer system as the entropy.In the movement process of the rural labor force transfer system, entropy has bothpositive direction change and negative direction changes, so these two changes'functions are different because their stations are also different in the evolutionaryprocess of the system. The author analyzed entropy flow of the rural labor forcetransfer system, and got the conclusion that only the system is diffusion structureand introduce the negative entropy flow in the system at the same time, varioussubsystem such as the population, the economical, social and the resourcesenvironment' coordinated development could come true. So, the entropy is an
important variable of the system, which responds each level as well as eachsubsystem' condition of this complex system, besides, the change of entropy valuemay forecast the evolution direction of the system. In this paper, the authorcalculated the entropy value according to 2,000-2004 related data of JilinProvince' rural labor force transfer system, and drew the conclusion that the rurallabor force transfer system of Jilin Province has been developing to the orderlystate. In order to guide the rural labor force transfer system of Jilin Provincerunning systemic and regularly, the author put forward some correspondingcountermeasures at last.5. Based on harmonious theory, the author analyzed concordance of the rurallabor force transfer system from harmonious development, harmonious subject,harmonious mechanism, harmonious early-warning, harmonious degree and so on.Then, based on rural labor force transfer state of Jilin Province(1995—2004), theauthor established index system to evaluate the concordance of the rural labor forcetransfer system by using AHP to determine target weight, and obtained theharmony of the system accordingly. So, the author draw a conclusion from theanalysis and calculation that the rural labor force transfer system of Jilin Provincehas been changing from disharmony to harmonious condition in these 10 years.This result and the system entropy value result show together that the rural laborforce transfer system of Jilin Province is an upward and positive evolution.
The rural labor force transfer can strengthen the connection between city andcountryside, promote peasant's income level, and is the key way to solve the 3dimensional agrarian issues. The report of 16th national congress of communistparty of china pointed out:“The rural labor force transfer is inevitable tendency ofChina's industrialization and modernization”, besides, the goal of well-off societyand the No.1 file of 2004 had offered policy support to the reasonable and orderlyrural labor force transfer at the same time. By referring to domestic andinternational successful experience, this paper studied Jilin province's rural laborforce transfer issue basing on theory and practice, qualitative and quantitativeanalytical methods and combined system engineering theory at the same time. Atfirst, the author investigated Jilin province's rural labor force transfer situationcarefully, took this issue as a complex systematic project and carried on researchseriously, and put forward some appropriate countermeasures at last. So, thepurpose of this study is to promote Jilin province's rural labor force transfer level,boost the development of rural economy, solve the 3 dimensional agrarian issues,impulse the rural reconstruction and well-off society construction of Jilin province.
The main studies and conclusions are as follows:
1. The author set up 20 pieces of index from society and economy, family andindividual, natural environment and production technology at first. Then, shedesigned Directed Effect Matrix of every influencing factor of rural labor forcetransfer based on Delphi and DEMATEL methods, and analyzed the main influence
factors following. In this chapter, the author drew the conclusions as follows:society and economy is the most important reason of rural labor force transfer, andthe major influence factors of rural labor force transfer are the system of registeredpermanent residence, the market segmentation of labor force and the quality oflabor force.2. The author investigated the rural of labor force of Changchun city carefully,took all the labor forces as an unit, studied the social network relation among thelabor forces based on the information transmission relation of them by taking"relation" as penetration, and used a new research technique of social science-social network analysis. Then, the author analyzed the positive effect of socialrelation network for the rural labor force transfer, and got a series of conclusions asfollows: social relation network is an important way of resource collocation, it maybring a lot of useful information to the outward labor forces, and it's importantchannel to seek social support, so, it can increased the possibility of rural laborforce transfer. But social relation network has negative effect at the same time, forexample, it can form isolation easily, and the excessive local social relationnetwork can release social inequality easily. So, the author suggested that thegovernment should think much of the positive effect of social network whileeliminating negative effect with great efforts, and made society relation networkcombine with formal system effectively in order to expand peasant's informationsource. At the same time, people should pay great attention to internal conformityand the network chain gathers of the rural labor force network too. Besides, wemust make great efforts to perfect labor force market not only in city but also incountryside to enhance its function of resources collocation, and speed up thesocial security system construction between city and countryside to promote therural labor force transfer.3. The rural labor force transfer system is an organic whole which is made ofpeople, rural economy, society, population, the resources and environmental factor,etc. It can drive the countryside surplus labor force transfer steadily and orderlybecause of its specific structure. It has characteristics of the integrity, the opening
and compound, the dynamic, the correlation coordination, the feedback and theadjustable. Essentially, the rural labor force transfer system is a compoundecosystem which has the diffusion structure, its basic function is the exchangefunction of each related kind of people transfer, Logistics and information flow,and its special function is the rural labor force resources collocate, namely it canguide and promote the rural labor force transfer steadily and orderly. The authordivided the external environment of rural labor force transfer system into politicalenvironment, legal environment, economic environment, humanities environment,educational environment and technical environment. After analyzing the course ofour country's rural labor force transfer, the author drew the conclusion that the rurallabor force transfer system is an upward evolution. At last, the author expatiated themutual action mechanism of the rural labor force transfer system from thefollowing four aspects: (1) Mutual function between subsystems;(2) Mutualfunction between internal factors;(3) Mutual function between externalenvironment factors;(4) Mutual function between system and externalenvironment.4. The author introduced thermodynamics entropy theory to the rural laborforce transfer system, and expounded the reason that entropy produces in rurallabor force transfer system, namely the system resources produce invalid energyconsume between inside and outside movement of the system. Then, in order todescribe the disorderly degree of the system, the author defined the invaliddiffusion energy which stores in the rural labor force transfer system as the entropy.In the movement process of the rural labor force transfer system, entropy has bothpositive direction change and negative direction changes, so these two changes'functions are different because their stations are also different in the evolutionaryprocess of the system. The author analyzed entropy flow of the rural labor forcetransfer system, and got the conclusion that only the system is diffusion structureand introduce the negative entropy flow in the system at the same time, varioussubsystem such as the population, the economical, social and the resourcesenvironment' coordinated development could come true. So, the entropy is an
important variable of the system, which responds each level as well as eachsubsystem' condition of this complex system, besides, the change of entropy valuemay forecast the evolution direction of the system. In this paper, the authorcalculated the entropy value according to 2,000-2004 related data of JilinProvince' rural labor force transfer system, and drew the conclusion that the rurallabor force transfer system of Jilin Province has been developing to the orderlystate. In order to guide the rural labor force transfer system of Jilin Provincerunning systemic and regularly, the author put forward some correspondingcountermeasures at last.5. Based on harmonious theory, the author analyzed concordance of the rurallabor force transfer system from harmonious development, harmonious subject,harmonious mechanism, harmonious early-warning, harmonious degree and so on.Then, based on rural labor force transfer state of Jilin Province(1995—2004), theauthor established index system to evaluate the concordance of the rural labor forcetransfer system by using AHP to determine target weight, and obtained theharmony of the system accordingly. So, the author draw a conclusion from theanalysis and calculation that the rural labor force transfer system of Jilin Provincehas been changing from disharmony to harmonious condition in these 10 years.This result and the system entropy value result show together that the rural laborforce transfer system of Jilin Province is an upward and positive evolution.
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