立体经编间隔织物压缩性能的实验研究
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摘要
经编间隔织物是由双针床拉舍尔经编机生产的一种特殊的三维立体结构，它由中间的间隔纱层和上下的两个外表面组成，间隔纱支撑两个独立的外表面，厚度最大可达65mm。这种独特的立体结构，赋予经编间隔织物优异的压缩性能和气候调节功能，用途十分广泛，可用于服装、休闲体育用品、汽车用纺织品及医疗用纺织品。论文主要研究经编间隔织物的平板压缩性能，以及在球形压力模型下，经编间隔织物传递载荷的分布。
第一，论文对一组涤纶经编间隔织物进行平板压缩测试，提出以压缩率、压缩功弹性率、应力松弛率指标表征压缩性能，并运用SPSS统计软件对各个压缩性能的指标进行多元线性回归分析，分析每个指标与经编间隔织物的结构之间的关系，结果显示：经编间隔织物压缩率与厚度和间隔单丝线密度之间存在线性关系，且厚度对压缩率的影响程度大于单丝线密度；经编间隔织物压缩功弹性率与织物横密，面层纱线密度及织物组织有较显著的线性关系，且影响最大的是面层纱线密度，其次是横密、织物组织；经编间隔织物应力松弛率与厚度之间存在显著的线性关系，当织物的厚度变大时，应力松弛率反而减小。
第二，论文首次提出球形压力模型，经过经编间隔织物的传递载荷来表征经编间隔织物的压缩性能。实验采用了自制的简易8通道压力测试装置，该装置用于测试经编间隔织物的传递载荷，设计灵巧、使用方便，压力传感器测量精度较高。
论文测试了一组不同结构的经编间隔织物在球形压力模型的作用下，在中心位置和沿经编间隔织物纵向、横向及45°斜向方向的传递载荷分布特征。并利用origin软件对经编间隔织物三个方向的传递载荷进行一阶指数衰减函数的拟合，拟合方程的决定系数大于99%，拟合效果好。同时，采用SPSS统计软件对经编间隔织物的各向传递载荷衰减指数进行了多元线性回归分析，结果显示：经编间隔织物的各向传递载荷衰减指数与织物纵密、横密、组织及球形压力模型的质量有关。并且，在球形压力模型下，经编间隔织物的纵向传递载荷衰减指数、横向传递载荷衰减指数及斜向传递载荷衰减指数之间存在正的较强的线性相关关系。
最后，论文展望了从经编间隔织物用纺织材料、细分组织结构的参数、球形压力模型优化与仿真模拟实验等方面，开展经编间隔织物的压缩性能的研究。
The double needle bed raschel warp-knitted machine is used to produce thewarp-knitted space fabric. They are composed of two surface layers and the middlelayer that is the space yarns. The space yarns contact and support the two surfacelayers, and the thickness can be up to65mm. The unique structure makes the fabricsuperior compression performance and climate regulation function. It can be used forclothing, sporting goods, automotive textiles and medical textiles. This paper studiedthe compression performance and the distribution of transfer load under the sphericalcompression model.
At first, based on the compression test, the compressive rate, compressive workelastic rate and stress relaxation rate were obtained in this dissertation. Then therelationship between compressive properties’ indexes and structure of warp-knittedspacer fabric were analyzed by the linear regression analysis. The main results showas follow:
Compressive rate has the linear relationship with thickness and the linear densityof spacer yarn. Besides, the thickness has a greater effect on the compressive rate thanthe linear density of the spacer yarn.
Compressive work elastic rate has the linear relationship with the density ofcourse, linear density of yarn in the surface layer and fabric weave, and the lineardensity of yarn in the surface layer has the greatest effect on compressive work elasticrate, the fabric weave is the third followed by the density of course.
Stress relaxation rate has significant linear relationship with the thickness, withthe increase of the thickness; the stress relation rate will decrease.
Secondly, paper first proposed that the transfer load through the warp-knittedspace fabric can be characterized the compression performance. The experiment developed the8-channel pressure test device to test the transfer load of thewarp-knitted space fabric. The device has smart design and it is easy to use. Besides,the pressure sensors have the high accuracy.
The paper tested a group of different kinds of warp-knitted space fabric under thespherical compression model. The distribution of transfer load along the vertical,horizontal and45°direction of the warp-knitted spacer fabric were tested. Based onthe origin software and the first-order exponential decay function, the distributions oftransfer load of the warp-knitted space fabric in three directions were discussed. Thecoefficient of determination of fitting equation is greater than99%, so the fittingresults are perfect.
The multiple linear regression analysis from SPSS statistical software was alsoused to analyze the transfer load decay indexes of the warp-knitted space fabric. Theresults show that the transfer load decay indexes of the warp-knitted space fabric haverelation with the density of wale and courses, fabric weave, and the weight ofspherical pressure model. Besides under the spherical compression model, there is astrong positive linear correlation between the decay indexes of vertical, horizontal and45°direction.
At last, in order to understand the compression performance of the warp-knittedspace fabric furthermore, some suggestions were listed in this dissertation. The textilematerials and the details of the weave structure in experimental samples will beconsidered. The spherical compression model must be optimized and the method ofnumerical simulation can also be explored to study the compression performance ofthe warp-knitted space fabrics.
第一，论文对一组涤纶经编间隔织物进行平板压缩测试，提出以压缩率、压缩功弹性率、应力松弛率指标表征压缩性能，并运用SPSS统计软件对各个压缩性能的指标进行多元线性回归分析，分析每个指标与经编间隔织物的结构之间的关系，结果显示：经编间隔织物压缩率与厚度和间隔单丝线密度之间存在线性关系，且厚度对压缩率的影响程度大于单丝线密度；经编间隔织物压缩功弹性率与织物横密，面层纱线密度及织物组织有较显著的线性关系，且影响最大的是面层纱线密度，其次是横密、织物组织；经编间隔织物应力松弛率与厚度之间存在显著的线性关系，当织物的厚度变大时，应力松弛率反而减小。
第二，论文首次提出球形压力模型，经过经编间隔织物的传递载荷来表征经编间隔织物的压缩性能。实验采用了自制的简易8通道压力测试装置，该装置用于测试经编间隔织物的传递载荷，设计灵巧、使用方便，压力传感器测量精度较高。
论文测试了一组不同结构的经编间隔织物在球形压力模型的作用下，在中心位置和沿经编间隔织物纵向、横向及45°斜向方向的传递载荷分布特征。并利用origin软件对经编间隔织物三个方向的传递载荷进行一阶指数衰减函数的拟合，拟合方程的决定系数大于99%，拟合效果好。同时，采用SPSS统计软件对经编间隔织物的各向传递载荷衰减指数进行了多元线性回归分析，结果显示：经编间隔织物的各向传递载荷衰减指数与织物纵密、横密、组织及球形压力模型的质量有关。并且，在球形压力模型下，经编间隔织物的纵向传递载荷衰减指数、横向传递载荷衰减指数及斜向传递载荷衰减指数之间存在正的较强的线性相关关系。
最后，论文展望了从经编间隔织物用纺织材料、细分组织结构的参数、球形压力模型优化与仿真模拟实验等方面，开展经编间隔织物的压缩性能的研究。
The double needle bed raschel warp-knitted machine is used to produce thewarp-knitted space fabric. They are composed of two surface layers and the middlelayer that is the space yarns. The space yarns contact and support the two surfacelayers, and the thickness can be up to65mm. The unique structure makes the fabricsuperior compression performance and climate regulation function. It can be used forclothing, sporting goods, automotive textiles and medical textiles. This paper studiedthe compression performance and the distribution of transfer load under the sphericalcompression model.
At first, based on the compression test, the compressive rate, compressive workelastic rate and stress relaxation rate were obtained in this dissertation. Then therelationship between compressive properties’ indexes and structure of warp-knittedspacer fabric were analyzed by the linear regression analysis. The main results showas follow:
Compressive rate has the linear relationship with thickness and the linear densityof spacer yarn. Besides, the thickness has a greater effect on the compressive rate thanthe linear density of the spacer yarn.
Compressive work elastic rate has the linear relationship with the density ofcourse, linear density of yarn in the surface layer and fabric weave, and the lineardensity of yarn in the surface layer has the greatest effect on compressive work elasticrate, the fabric weave is the third followed by the density of course.
Stress relaxation rate has significant linear relationship with the thickness, withthe increase of the thickness; the stress relation rate will decrease.
Secondly, paper first proposed that the transfer load through the warp-knittedspace fabric can be characterized the compression performance. The experiment developed the8-channel pressure test device to test the transfer load of thewarp-knitted space fabric. The device has smart design and it is easy to use. Besides,the pressure sensors have the high accuracy.
The paper tested a group of different kinds of warp-knitted space fabric under thespherical compression model. The distribution of transfer load along the vertical,horizontal and45°direction of the warp-knitted spacer fabric were tested. Based onthe origin software and the first-order exponential decay function, the distributions oftransfer load of the warp-knitted space fabric in three directions were discussed. Thecoefficient of determination of fitting equation is greater than99%, so the fittingresults are perfect.
The multiple linear regression analysis from SPSS statistical software was alsoused to analyze the transfer load decay indexes of the warp-knitted space fabric. Theresults show that the transfer load decay indexes of the warp-knitted space fabric haverelation with the density of wale and courses, fabric weave, and the weight ofspherical pressure model. Besides under the spherical compression model, there is astrong positive linear correlation between the decay indexes of vertical, horizontal and45°direction.
At last, in order to understand the compression performance of the warp-knittedspace fabric furthermore, some suggestions were listed in this dissertation. The textilematerials and the details of the weave structure in experimental samples will beconsidered. The spherical compression model must be optimized and the method ofnumerical simulation can also be explored to study the compression performance ofthe warp-knitted space fabrics.
引文
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[11]杨朝坤,蒋云.编织结构复合材料压缩性能与细观结构关系研究[J].复合材料新进展.2006:272-277.
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[24]刘维华.编织结构周围神经再生导管的径向压缩性能[J].山东纺织科技.2007,6:45-47.
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[29] R.Bagherzadeh, M.Montazer. Evaluation of Comfort Properties of PolyesterKnitted Spacer Fabrics Finished with Water Repellent and Antimicrobial Agents[J].Fibers and Polymers,2007,8(4):386-392.
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[2] Bartels-VT.Warp-knitted Spacer Fabrics versus Neoprene[J].Kte.Praxis,2002,35(1)：20-22.
[3]吴昊,王燕,蒋莺莺.聚氨酯软泡压陷性能的测试[J].聚氨酯工业,2002,17(1)：48-51.
[4]申宝兵,宗红亮.聚氨酯慢回弹块状泡沫的研制[J].聚氨酯工业,2008,25(2):37-40.
[5]祝成炎.立体织物结构及其织造技术[J].丝绸,2000(10):33-35.
[6] Diren M. Armakan,Andreas Roye. A Study on the Compression Behavior ofSpacer Fabrics Designed for Concrete Application[J]. Fibers and Polymers,2009,10(1):116-123.
[7] Karl Mayer. Functional warp-knitted spacer fabrics[J]. Kettenwirk Praxis,2000,2:14-15.
[8]黄薇,龙海如.纬编间隔织物的编织工艺与压缩性能探讨[J].纺织导报，2006,11:51-55.
[9] G.B.Delkumburewatte, T.Dias. Porosity and Capillarity of Weft Knitted SpacerStructures[J]. Fibers and Polymers,2009,10(2):226-230.
[10] Min li,Shaokai Wang. Effect of Structure on the Mechanical Behaviors ofThree-dimensional Spacer Fabric Composites[J]. Appl Compos Mater,2009,16:1-14.
[11]杨朝坤,蒋云.编织结构复合材料压缩性能与细观结构关系研究[J].复合材料新进展.2006:272-277.
[12]任冬远,卢立新.空气垫几何压缩模型的研究[J].包装工程.2008,2:12-14.
[13]张明俊,周罗庆.三维机织间隔复合材料的开发和性能结构的研究.2006,1.
[14]缪旭红.床垫用经编间隔织物的压缩性能.纺织导报.2005,12:67-68.
[15]沈瑶,刘慧.经编间隔织物球形压缩试验与仿真分析[J].湖南工业大学学报,2008,9:1-4.
[16]蒋高明.经编间隔织物与海绵作为汽车用坐垫性能方面的研究[J].纺织科技,2006,1:76-77.
[17]谭冬宜.机织间隔织物的结构设计及其织造[J].丝绸,2007,8:42-44.
[18] KnutGro mann, AndreasMuhl. New solutions for the manufacturing of spacerperforms for thermoplastic textile-reinforced light weight structures[J].Prod.Eng.Res.Devel.,2010,27(8).
[19] Alexander Kraus,Stephan Odenwald. Determining Ground Reaction ForcesUsing a Pressure Distribution Measuring System[J]. The Engineering of Sport7-Vol.2.
[20]陈燕,蒋高明.经编间隔织物缓压性能的研究[J].针织工业.2008,4:26-28.
[21]麻静嫒.对Novel Pedar足底压力分布测量系统应用技术的初步开发[J].中国体育科技.2002,7:23-25.
[22] Alexander Kraus,Stephan Odenwald. Determining Ground Reaction ForcesUsing a Pressure Distribution Measuring System[J]. The Engineering of Sport,2007,7(2):111-116.
[23]马佳,范智声.基于人工神经网络的汽车座椅舒适度评价模型[J].工业工程.2008,11(5):107-109.
[24]刘维华.编织结构周围神经再生导管的径向压缩性能[J].山东纺织科技.2007,6:45-47.
[25] Karl Mayer. Spacer Textiles–Skipper's Friend[J].Kettenwirk Praxis,2006,(1):42-43.
[26] Karl Mayer. Spacer Fabrics in Clothing[J]. Kettenwirk Praxis,2006,(2):6-7.
[27] Karl Mayer. New Partitioning Creates a New Look for the Office[J]. KettenwirkPraxis,2006,(4):9-14.
[28] X.Ye, R.Fangueiro, M.de Araujo. Application of warp-knitted spacer fabrics incar seats[J].Journal of the Textile Institude,2007,98(4):337-343.
[29] R.Bagherzadeh, M.Montazer. Evaluation of Comfort Properties of PolyesterKnitted Spacer Fabrics Finished with Water Repellent and Antimicrobial Agents[J].Fibers and Polymers,2007,8(4):386-392.
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