产业集群内创业社会网络对创业企业成长的影响研究
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摘要
产业集群作为促进世界各国区域经济增长和产业发展的重要模式,其作用已
经得到了广大理论研究者和实践者的认同,但有些地方的产业集群经历短期繁荣
后也出现了衰退的状况,学者们把此种原因归结为各地区创业活动的差异上。特
别地,在经济全球化背景下,中小创业企业所面临的竞争环境已变得更加复杂,
创业企业为克服自身资源的缺乏与能力的不足,必须对外寻求专业分工与资源互
补的合作方式,通过高效的渠道来优化自身企业的资源配置,以获得核心竞争优
势及企业的成长,而这一高效渠道必须依赖于各企业自身建立的社会关系网络。
由于创业者的创业活动本身嵌入其构建的社会网络内,其行为和创业活动均会受
到社会网络结构的影响,因而基于社会网络观的创业研究已经引起了学者们的广
泛关注和重视。而诸多学者研究也的确表明,创业企业社会网络的确对其行为和
绩效产生非常重要地影响,特别是在资源创生与聚集、创业企业间的合作信任关
系的变化、以及集群组织间学习等方面。然而,现有研究对于创业社会网络的动态演化关注不够,尚未针对创业企业
自身变化所引起的创业社会网络结构的改变对其成长所产生的影响进行研究。另
外,现有研究对创业社会网络与企业绩效之间的关系进行了研究,但并没有深入
分析创业社会网络对企业成长的影响机制是怎样的。因此,本文尝试基于产业集
群背景下,研究创业社会网络的形成机理及其在创业企业成长过程中的动态演
化；研究创业社会网络对创业企业成长过程中的作用机制,包括资源聚集与创生、
集群组织学习、信任关系,以及这些机制对创业企业成长产生怎样的影响等方面,
因此,本论文的研究内容主要包括以下几个方面：(1)基于社会网络理论的角度,对集群内创业社会网络构建的动力因素进行
分析,在此基础上提出集群内创业社会网络结构模型,并对结构模型中的各行为
主体及其链接模式进行分析；然后对集群内创业社会网络演化的动因及其演化过
程进行分析；最后从资源聚集及创生、组织学习效率、信任关系三个方面来对集
群内创业社会网络在创业企业成长过程中的作用进行分析。(2)对集群创业社会网络内资源的主要表现形式进行分析；并分析集群创业
社会网络对资源聚集与创生的影响,主要包括三个方面：一是集群创业社会网络
中的行为主体对资源聚集与创生的影响；二是从集群创业社会网络的网络密度、
集群创业社会网络的网络中心性、集群创业社会网络的结构洞三个方面来分析集
群创业社会网络结构对资源聚集与创生的影响；三是从集群创业社会网络平均最
短路径长度、集群创业社会网络聚集程度、集群创业社会网络的度分布三个方面
来分析集群创业社会网络结构特征对资源利用效率的影响；最后分析集群创业社
会网络内资源聚集及创生对创业企业成长的影响。(3)对集群创业社会网络结构中各行为主体的学习机制进行分析,包括核心
网络层中各行为主体之间的学习、核心网络层与辅助网络层的学习、内部网络层
(核心网络层和辅助网络层)与外部网络层之间的学习；然后分析集群创业社会
网络对创业企业学习效率的影响,构建基于创业社会网络的知识扩散模型,并利
用仿真手段从以下三个方面进行分析：一是集群创业社会网络结构对创新知识扩
散的影响；二是集群创业社会网络内创新知识扩散过程中集群主体的行为特征分
析；三是集群创业社会网络的社会效应对创新知识扩散的影响。最后分析了集群
创业社会网络中的学习对创业企业成长的影响。(4)对集群创业社会网络内信任的产生及其影响因素进行分析,并基于集群
创业社会网络的演化阶段对集群创业社会网络内企业间信任关系的动态性进行
分析,然后基于衡量集群创业社会网络结构的度分布、平均最短路径长度、聚集
系数三个因素,构建集群创业社会网络内企业间信任关系的演化模型,并利用仿
真手段进行分析；最后,分析集群创业社会网络内企业间的信任关系对创业企业
成长产生的影响。(5)基于创业社会网络→资源聚集及创生、集群组织学习效率、企业间的信
任关系→创业企业成长绩效的逻辑链条,构建实证研究的理论模型,并在此基础
上,提出创业社会网络对创业企业成长绩效的影响、创业社会网络对中介变量的
影响、以及中介变量对创业企业成长绩效的影响三大方面的研究假设。然后阐述
问卷的基本结构,并提出创业社会网络、成长绩效、以及中介变量的测量问题,
同时对所调研的企业样本进行统计描述；最后根据调研所获得数据,运用
对创业社会网络、成长绩效、以及中介变量进行因子分析,对涉及的相关变量进
行效度和信度的验证,并对自变量创业社会网络、中介变量和因变量成长绩效进
行两两相关分析,同时运用结构方程模型对前文假设关系进行验证,以分析变量
之间的关系。
Industrial cluster as an important mode of promoting the development of regional economic and industry, its importance has been agreed by the vast number of theoretical researchers and practitioners, but some parts of industrial clusters also emerged the recession situation after short-term prosperity, scholars attributed it to the difference of the entrepreneurial activity in various areas. In particular, the competitive environment faced by SME has become more complex under the background of economic globalization, in order to overcome the lack of its own resources and ability, the venture enterprise has to seek the professional division of labor and cooperation way of complementary resources through optimizing their resource allocation by efficient channels, and then obtaining the core competitive advantage and the growth of enterprises, but the efficient channel must rely on their own established social relations network. As the enterprises'entrepreneurial activity itself has been inserted into the social network, so their behavior and entrepreneurial activities will be affected by the social network structure, therefore, the entrepreneurial research based on social network has attracted wide attention of scholars. And many scholars'research suggest that enterprise social network has very important influence on their behavior and performance, especially on the creation and aggregation of resource, the change of cooperation trust relationship among enterprises, as well as the Organizational learning.
However, the existing research about the dynamic evolution of entrepreneurial social network is not enough, and didn't study the impact of the change of the entrepreneurial social network structure on its growth. In addition, the current study has investigated the relationships between entrepreneurial social network and enterprise performance, but there is no in-depth analysis of what influence mechanism is about entrepreneurial social network on enterprise growth. Therefore, this paper attempts to study the formation mechanism of entrepreneurial social network and its dynamic evolution in the process of the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises based on the context of industrial clusters, and study the mechanism of entrepreneurial social network on the growth process of venture enterprises, including resource aggregation and creation, cluster organization learning, trust relationship, and the impact of these mechanisms on the growth of venture enterprises. Therefore, the research content of this thesis includes the following aspects:
(1) The drive factors of establishing the cluster entrepreneurial social network was analyzed based on the perspective of social network theory, and put forward the model of cluster entrepreneurial social network structure, and analyzed the actors and its link mode in structural model. And then analyzed the evolution motivation and evolution process of clusters entrepreneurial social network. Finally, we analyzed the role of cluster entrepreneurial social network on the growing process of entrepreneurial enterprises from the aspects of resource aggregation and creation, organization learning efficiency and trust relationship.
(2)We analyzed the main forms of resources in the cluster entrepreneurial social network, and analyzed the effect of entrepreneurial social network on resource aggregation and creation, mainly including three aspects:the first is the effect of behavior subject in the entrepreneurial; social network on resource aggregation, and creation, the second is the influence of entrepreneurial social network structure on resource aggregation and creation from the three aspects of network density, network centrality and structural holes, the third is the influence of entrepreneurial social network structure on the using efficient of resource from three aspects of the average shortest path length of network, aggregation degree of network and degree distribution of network. Finally, we analyzed the impact of resource aggregation and creation on the development of entrepreneurial enterprises.
(3) We analyzed the learning mechanism of the behavior subject in entrepreneurial social network structure, including the learning behavior of actors in the core network layer, the learning behavior between the core network layer and assisting network layer, as well as between the internal network layer and external network layer. And then we analyzed the influence of cluster entrepreneurial social network on learning efficiency, and we constructed the knowledge diffusion model based on social network, and analyzed it with simulation tools from the following three aspects:the first is the effect of cluster entrepreneurial social network structure on the innovation knowledge diffusion, the second is to analyze the cluster subject'behavioral characteristics during the process of innovation knowledge diffusion in the cluster entrepreneurial social network, the third is the social affection of cluster entrepreneurial social network on the innovation knowledge diffusion. Finally, we analyzed the effect of learning in the cluster entrepreneurial social network on the development of entrepreneurial enterprises.
(4) We analyzed the production of trust and its affecting factors in the cluster entrepreneurial social network, and analyzed the dynamic of trust relationship among enterprises in the cluster entrepreneurial social network based on its evolution stage. And then we built the evolutionary model of trust relationship among enterprises in the cluster entrepreneurial social network based on three factors of degree distribution, the average shortest path length and clustering coefficient, and analyzed using the simulation method. Finally, we analyzed the effect of trust relationship among enterprises in cluster entrepreneurial social network on the development of enterprises.
(5) We built the theoretical model of empirical research based on the logic chain among entrepreneurial social network, resource aggregation and creation, cluster organization learning efficiency, trust relationship and growth performance, and then we pointed out the research hypothesis about the effect of entrepreneurial social network on the growth performance, the effect of entrepreneurial social network on the intermediary variables, and the effect of intermediary variables on the growth performance. And then we described the basic structure of the questionnaire, and put forward the measurement problems about the entrepreneurial social network, growth performance, and the intermediary variables, at the same time, we described the research enterprise statistically. Finally, we made factor analysis for the entrepreneurial social network, growth performance, as well as intermediary variables by using Spass, and made a verification for the variables' validity and reliability according to the research data, and then we analyzed the relationship among the variables of entrepreneurial social network, the mediator variables and growth performance, at the same time, we used structural equation model to verify the above hypothesis relations in order to analyze the relationship among variables.
经得到了广大理论研究者和实践者的认同,但有些地方的产业集群经历短期繁荣
后也出现了衰退的状况,学者们把此种原因归结为各地区创业活动的差异上。特
别地,在经济全球化背景下,中小创业企业所面临的竞争环境已变得更加复杂,
创业企业为克服自身资源的缺乏与能力的不足,必须对外寻求专业分工与资源互
补的合作方式,通过高效的渠道来优化自身企业的资源配置,以获得核心竞争优
势及企业的成长,而这一高效渠道必须依赖于各企业自身建立的社会关系网络。
由于创业者的创业活动本身嵌入其构建的社会网络内,其行为和创业活动均会受
到社会网络结构的影响,因而基于社会网络观的创业研究已经引起了学者们的广
泛关注和重视。而诸多学者研究也的确表明,创业企业社会网络的确对其行为和
绩效产生非常重要地影响,特别是在资源创生与聚集、创业企业间的合作信任关
系的变化、以及集群组织间学习等方面。然而,现有研究对于创业社会网络的动态演化关注不够,尚未针对创业企业
自身变化所引起的创业社会网络结构的改变对其成长所产生的影响进行研究。另
外,现有研究对创业社会网络与企业绩效之间的关系进行了研究,但并没有深入
分析创业社会网络对企业成长的影响机制是怎样的。因此,本文尝试基于产业集
群背景下,研究创业社会网络的形成机理及其在创业企业成长过程中的动态演
化；研究创业社会网络对创业企业成长过程中的作用机制,包括资源聚集与创生、
集群组织学习、信任关系,以及这些机制对创业企业成长产生怎样的影响等方面,
因此,本论文的研究内容主要包括以下几个方面：(1)基于社会网络理论的角度,对集群内创业社会网络构建的动力因素进行
分析,在此基础上提出集群内创业社会网络结构模型,并对结构模型中的各行为
主体及其链接模式进行分析；然后对集群内创业社会网络演化的动因及其演化过
程进行分析；最后从资源聚集及创生、组织学习效率、信任关系三个方面来对集
群内创业社会网络在创业企业成长过程中的作用进行分析。(2)对集群创业社会网络内资源的主要表现形式进行分析；并分析集群创业
社会网络对资源聚集与创生的影响,主要包括三个方面：一是集群创业社会网络
中的行为主体对资源聚集与创生的影响；二是从集群创业社会网络的网络密度、
集群创业社会网络的网络中心性、集群创业社会网络的结构洞三个方面来分析集
群创业社会网络结构对资源聚集与创生的影响；三是从集群创业社会网络平均最
短路径长度、集群创业社会网络聚集程度、集群创业社会网络的度分布三个方面
来分析集群创业社会网络结构特征对资源利用效率的影响；最后分析集群创业社
会网络内资源聚集及创生对创业企业成长的影响。(3)对集群创业社会网络结构中各行为主体的学习机制进行分析,包括核心
网络层中各行为主体之间的学习、核心网络层与辅助网络层的学习、内部网络层
(核心网络层和辅助网络层)与外部网络层之间的学习；然后分析集群创业社会
网络对创业企业学习效率的影响,构建基于创业社会网络的知识扩散模型,并利
用仿真手段从以下三个方面进行分析：一是集群创业社会网络结构对创新知识扩
散的影响；二是集群创业社会网络内创新知识扩散过程中集群主体的行为特征分
析；三是集群创业社会网络的社会效应对创新知识扩散的影响。最后分析了集群
创业社会网络中的学习对创业企业成长的影响。(4)对集群创业社会网络内信任的产生及其影响因素进行分析,并基于集群
创业社会网络的演化阶段对集群创业社会网络内企业间信任关系的动态性进行
分析,然后基于衡量集群创业社会网络结构的度分布、平均最短路径长度、聚集
系数三个因素,构建集群创业社会网络内企业间信任关系的演化模型,并利用仿
真手段进行分析；最后,分析集群创业社会网络内企业间的信任关系对创业企业
成长产生的影响。(5)基于创业社会网络→资源聚集及创生、集群组织学习效率、企业间的信
任关系→创业企业成长绩效的逻辑链条,构建实证研究的理论模型,并在此基础
上,提出创业社会网络对创业企业成长绩效的影响、创业社会网络对中介变量的
影响、以及中介变量对创业企业成长绩效的影响三大方面的研究假设。然后阐述
问卷的基本结构,并提出创业社会网络、成长绩效、以及中介变量的测量问题,
同时对所调研的企业样本进行统计描述；最后根据调研所获得数据,运用
对创业社会网络、成长绩效、以及中介变量进行因子分析,对涉及的相关变量进
行效度和信度的验证,并对自变量创业社会网络、中介变量和因变量成长绩效进
行两两相关分析,同时运用结构方程模型对前文假设关系进行验证,以分析变量
之间的关系。
Industrial cluster as an important mode of promoting the development of regional economic and industry, its importance has been agreed by the vast number of theoretical researchers and practitioners, but some parts of industrial clusters also emerged the recession situation after short-term prosperity, scholars attributed it to the difference of the entrepreneurial activity in various areas. In particular, the competitive environment faced by SME has become more complex under the background of economic globalization, in order to overcome the lack of its own resources and ability, the venture enterprise has to seek the professional division of labor and cooperation way of complementary resources through optimizing their resource allocation by efficient channels, and then obtaining the core competitive advantage and the growth of enterprises, but the efficient channel must rely on their own established social relations network. As the enterprises'entrepreneurial activity itself has been inserted into the social network, so their behavior and entrepreneurial activities will be affected by the social network structure, therefore, the entrepreneurial research based on social network has attracted wide attention of scholars. And many scholars'research suggest that enterprise social network has very important influence on their behavior and performance, especially on the creation and aggregation of resource, the change of cooperation trust relationship among enterprises, as well as the Organizational learning.
However, the existing research about the dynamic evolution of entrepreneurial social network is not enough, and didn't study the impact of the change of the entrepreneurial social network structure on its growth. In addition, the current study has investigated the relationships between entrepreneurial social network and enterprise performance, but there is no in-depth analysis of what influence mechanism is about entrepreneurial social network on enterprise growth. Therefore, this paper attempts to study the formation mechanism of entrepreneurial social network and its dynamic evolution in the process of the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises based on the context of industrial clusters, and study the mechanism of entrepreneurial social network on the growth process of venture enterprises, including resource aggregation and creation, cluster organization learning, trust relationship, and the impact of these mechanisms on the growth of venture enterprises. Therefore, the research content of this thesis includes the following aspects:
(1) The drive factors of establishing the cluster entrepreneurial social network was analyzed based on the perspective of social network theory, and put forward the model of cluster entrepreneurial social network structure, and analyzed the actors and its link mode in structural model. And then analyzed the evolution motivation and evolution process of clusters entrepreneurial social network. Finally, we analyzed the role of cluster entrepreneurial social network on the growing process of entrepreneurial enterprises from the aspects of resource aggregation and creation, organization learning efficiency and trust relationship.
(2)We analyzed the main forms of resources in the cluster entrepreneurial social network, and analyzed the effect of entrepreneurial social network on resource aggregation and creation, mainly including three aspects:the first is the effect of behavior subject in the entrepreneurial; social network on resource aggregation, and creation, the second is the influence of entrepreneurial social network structure on resource aggregation and creation from the three aspects of network density, network centrality and structural holes, the third is the influence of entrepreneurial social network structure on the using efficient of resource from three aspects of the average shortest path length of network, aggregation degree of network and degree distribution of network. Finally, we analyzed the impact of resource aggregation and creation on the development of entrepreneurial enterprises.
(3) We analyzed the learning mechanism of the behavior subject in entrepreneurial social network structure, including the learning behavior of actors in the core network layer, the learning behavior between the core network layer and assisting network layer, as well as between the internal network layer and external network layer. And then we analyzed the influence of cluster entrepreneurial social network on learning efficiency, and we constructed the knowledge diffusion model based on social network, and analyzed it with simulation tools from the following three aspects:the first is the effect of cluster entrepreneurial social network structure on the innovation knowledge diffusion, the second is to analyze the cluster subject'behavioral characteristics during the process of innovation knowledge diffusion in the cluster entrepreneurial social network, the third is the social affection of cluster entrepreneurial social network on the innovation knowledge diffusion. Finally, we analyzed the effect of learning in the cluster entrepreneurial social network on the development of entrepreneurial enterprises.
(4) We analyzed the production of trust and its affecting factors in the cluster entrepreneurial social network, and analyzed the dynamic of trust relationship among enterprises in the cluster entrepreneurial social network based on its evolution stage. And then we built the evolutionary model of trust relationship among enterprises in the cluster entrepreneurial social network based on three factors of degree distribution, the average shortest path length and clustering coefficient, and analyzed using the simulation method. Finally, we analyzed the effect of trust relationship among enterprises in cluster entrepreneurial social network on the development of enterprises.
(5) We built the theoretical model of empirical research based on the logic chain among entrepreneurial social network, resource aggregation and creation, cluster organization learning efficiency, trust relationship and growth performance, and then we pointed out the research hypothesis about the effect of entrepreneurial social network on the growth performance, the effect of entrepreneurial social network on the intermediary variables, and the effect of intermediary variables on the growth performance. And then we described the basic structure of the questionnaire, and put forward the measurement problems about the entrepreneurial social network, growth performance, and the intermediary variables, at the same time, we described the research enterprise statistically. Finally, we made factor analysis for the entrepreneurial social network, growth performance, as well as intermediary variables by using Spass, and made a verification for the variables' validity and reliability according to the research data, and then we analyzed the relationship among the variables of entrepreneurial social network, the mediator variables and growth performance, at the same time, we used structural equation model to verify the above hypothesis relations in order to analyze the relationship among variables.
引文
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