基于协调体系的供应链响应决策方法研究
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摘要
为了满足客户在价格、质量、时间和定制化等多方面的需求,企业之间必须紧密合作,加强协调。上世纪90年代兴起的供应链管理模式顺应了这一发展趋势。供应链涉及供应商、制造商和销售商等多个利益主体,它们之间的协调是供应链管理中最重要的问题之一,是供应链效率实现和提升的重要保证。供应链运行于复杂多变的动态环境之中,不确定事件可能引发新的协调需求,或者通过信息更新影响到原有的协调策略,这些都将使协调供应链进入不协调状态。针对不确定事件环境下的供应链响应协调实践和理论需求,本文构建了供应链响应协调理论体系,研究了供应链协调响应决策关键技术。
首先,构建供应链响应协调的理论体系。在传统供应链协调理论的基础上,界定供应链响应协调的相关概念,分析供应链协调响应决策的影响因素和对象,探讨供应链响应协调的作用。在不确定事件环境下,对供应链响应协调的层次和机制进行研究。按照时间和职能维度,对供应链协调响应决策的对象进行概括,重点分析基于协调需求的供应链响应决策对象。基于大系统控制论,研究供应链响应协调的递阶控制结构,对控制结构要素进行分析,并描述供应链响应协调的交互式过程。
其次,研究面向突发协调需求的供应链协调响应决策方法。通过决策者偏好刻画过程分析,提出一种偏好调整规则,完善约束满意优化方法。在面向突发协调需求的供应链协调响应决策中,提出比较典型的一次消耗供应链系统应急采购问题、连续消耗供应链系统应急采购问题、以及生产中断条件下的供应链分销决策问题。针对上述问题,基于约束满意优化方法,构建满意优化模型,提出针对性的算法,以获得解决问题的相应目标策略。做到实现应急开时间、采购成本和参与供应商的供应商数目的优化,及面向生产中断时,在控制缺货成本的情况下实现利润优化。
再次,研究面向信息更新环境的供应链协调响应决策方法。分析信息更新带来的影响,基于信息更新环境,提出供应链协调策略的调整过程。构造一种利润分享契约,并研究该契约在价格需求弹性变化时的响应方法;研究面向模糊随机需求更新的回购契约响应决策方法;描述标准的替代品定价问题及策略,分析其在供应信息更新下的调整思路,并进一步扩展研究一般的替代品价格调整问题。
最后,研究供应链响应协调理论和响应决策方法的应用。在某太阳能热水器产品供应链背景下,研究的案例涵盖本文所提出的供应链响应协调理论、供应链协调响应决策关键技术,表明本文所提出方法的可行性和有效性。
不确定事件对供应链的协调运作将产生重要影响。本文有关供应链响应协调体系与响应决策方法的研究成果,对于丰富和完善供应链协调与管理理论,提高供应链协调响应决策效率具有重要的意义。
To satisfy the customer’s demand on price, quality, time, customization and so on, enterprises have to collaborate closely to enhance coordination. Supply chain management mode grew up in 1990s is suitable for this trend. Coordination among supplier, manufacturer, distributor and retailer in supply chain is one of the critical problems in supply chain management, and it is the guarantee of supply chain efficiency. Supply chain is operating in dynamic and variable environment, the uncertainties would cause new coordination demand or affect existing coordination strategies through information updating, which would make the supply chain lose coordination. To fulfill the practical and theoretical demand for supply chain response coordination with uncertainties, the paper constructs the supply chain response coordination theory system and studies the key response decision technologies for supply chain coordination.
First, it constructs the supply chain response coordination theory system. Definitions of supply chain response coordination and relative concepts have been made on the base of traditional theory of supply chain coordination. Factors affecting supply chain coordination response decisions have been analyzed and functions of supply chain response coordination have been discussed. The coordination levels and mechanism in supply chain response coordination with uncertain environment have been also studied. Decision problems are classified with the criterions of time and function. Emphasis has been put on the classification based on coordination demand. Hierarchical control structure in supply chain response coordination and its elements are proposed and analyzed based on the control theory of large scale system. It also describles the response coordination’s interactive process.
Second, it studies the supply chain coordination response decision method facing emergency coordination demand. A kind of preference adjustment rule has been put forward to rich constraint satisficing optimization method with analysis to preference description procedure of decision maker. Propose typical problems in supply chain coordination response decision facing emergency coordination demand, such as emergency ordering problems in once consumed and continuous consumed supply chain system, and supply chain distribution decision problem under manufacture interruption. To solve such problems and get satisfying objective stategies, it constructs satisficing optimization models and corresponding algorithms based on constraint satisficing optimization method.
Third, it studies the response method of supply chain coordination strategies under information update. Analyze the effect of information update, and come up with the regulation process of supply chain coordination strategies under information update. Put forward a kind of profit share contract and investigate its adjustment method when demand price coefficient varied. Regulation method of buyback contract facing fuzzy random demand update is considered. Describe the standard pricing strategy for substitutes and its adjustment method with supply information update. The problem is further extended to more general conditions.
At last, supply chain response coordination theory and response decision methods are applied to certain solar water heater supply chain. Practical cases studied cover supply chain response coordination theory and key response decision technologies proposed, which demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed methods.
Uncertainty has an important effect on supply chain coordination. Research results on supply chain response coordination system and response decision method would rich the supply chain coordination and management theory, and improve the efficiency of supply chain coordination response decision.
首先,构建供应链响应协调的理论体系。在传统供应链协调理论的基础上,界定供应链响应协调的相关概念,分析供应链协调响应决策的影响因素和对象,探讨供应链响应协调的作用。在不确定事件环境下,对供应链响应协调的层次和机制进行研究。按照时间和职能维度,对供应链协调响应决策的对象进行概括,重点分析基于协调需求的供应链响应决策对象。基于大系统控制论,研究供应链响应协调的递阶控制结构,对控制结构要素进行分析,并描述供应链响应协调的交互式过程。
其次,研究面向突发协调需求的供应链协调响应决策方法。通过决策者偏好刻画过程分析,提出一种偏好调整规则,完善约束满意优化方法。在面向突发协调需求的供应链协调响应决策中,提出比较典型的一次消耗供应链系统应急采购问题、连续消耗供应链系统应急采购问题、以及生产中断条件下的供应链分销决策问题。针对上述问题,基于约束满意优化方法,构建满意优化模型,提出针对性的算法,以获得解决问题的相应目标策略。做到实现应急开时间、采购成本和参与供应商的供应商数目的优化,及面向生产中断时,在控制缺货成本的情况下实现利润优化。
再次,研究面向信息更新环境的供应链协调响应决策方法。分析信息更新带来的影响,基于信息更新环境,提出供应链协调策略的调整过程。构造一种利润分享契约,并研究该契约在价格需求弹性变化时的响应方法;研究面向模糊随机需求更新的回购契约响应决策方法;描述标准的替代品定价问题及策略,分析其在供应信息更新下的调整思路,并进一步扩展研究一般的替代品价格调整问题。
最后,研究供应链响应协调理论和响应决策方法的应用。在某太阳能热水器产品供应链背景下,研究的案例涵盖本文所提出的供应链响应协调理论、供应链协调响应决策关键技术,表明本文所提出方法的可行性和有效性。
不确定事件对供应链的协调运作将产生重要影响。本文有关供应链响应协调体系与响应决策方法的研究成果,对于丰富和完善供应链协调与管理理论,提高供应链协调响应决策效率具有重要的意义。
To satisfy the customer’s demand on price, quality, time, customization and so on, enterprises have to collaborate closely to enhance coordination. Supply chain management mode grew up in 1990s is suitable for this trend. Coordination among supplier, manufacturer, distributor and retailer in supply chain is one of the critical problems in supply chain management, and it is the guarantee of supply chain efficiency. Supply chain is operating in dynamic and variable environment, the uncertainties would cause new coordination demand or affect existing coordination strategies through information updating, which would make the supply chain lose coordination. To fulfill the practical and theoretical demand for supply chain response coordination with uncertainties, the paper constructs the supply chain response coordination theory system and studies the key response decision technologies for supply chain coordination.
First, it constructs the supply chain response coordination theory system. Definitions of supply chain response coordination and relative concepts have been made on the base of traditional theory of supply chain coordination. Factors affecting supply chain coordination response decisions have been analyzed and functions of supply chain response coordination have been discussed. The coordination levels and mechanism in supply chain response coordination with uncertain environment have been also studied. Decision problems are classified with the criterions of time and function. Emphasis has been put on the classification based on coordination demand. Hierarchical control structure in supply chain response coordination and its elements are proposed and analyzed based on the control theory of large scale system. It also describles the response coordination’s interactive process.
Second, it studies the supply chain coordination response decision method facing emergency coordination demand. A kind of preference adjustment rule has been put forward to rich constraint satisficing optimization method with analysis to preference description procedure of decision maker. Propose typical problems in supply chain coordination response decision facing emergency coordination demand, such as emergency ordering problems in once consumed and continuous consumed supply chain system, and supply chain distribution decision problem under manufacture interruption. To solve such problems and get satisfying objective stategies, it constructs satisficing optimization models and corresponding algorithms based on constraint satisficing optimization method.
Third, it studies the response method of supply chain coordination strategies under information update. Analyze the effect of information update, and come up with the regulation process of supply chain coordination strategies under information update. Put forward a kind of profit share contract and investigate its adjustment method when demand price coefficient varied. Regulation method of buyback contract facing fuzzy random demand update is considered. Describe the standard pricing strategy for substitutes and its adjustment method with supply information update. The problem is further extended to more general conditions.
At last, supply chain response coordination theory and response decision methods are applied to certain solar water heater supply chain. Practical cases studied cover supply chain response coordination theory and key response decision technologies proposed, which demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed methods.
Uncertainty has an important effect on supply chain coordination. Research results on supply chain response coordination system and response decision method would rich the supply chain coordination and management theory, and improve the efficiency of supply chain coordination response decision.
引文
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