双频磁绝缘线振荡器的理论与实验研究
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摘要
双频磁绝缘线振荡器(Bifrequency Magnetically Insulated Transmission LineOscillator,BFMILO)是一种低阻抗正交场高功率微波器件,它不仅具有磁绝缘线振荡器的优点,还具有能够稳定地同时输出两个频率的高功率微波(HPM)的特点,同时,能够产生稳定输出的双频HPM器件是一个新兴的研究方向,将具有重要的学术价值和实际应用,目前尚未见到相关报道。因此,论文提出了BFMILO的设想,建立了BFMILO的模型,开展了理论分析、粒子模拟,优化设计出了L波段BFMILO,并开展了原理性实验研究,从理论和实验上验证了产生稳定输出双频率HPM的BFMILO的可行性。同时,论文还对BFMILO的相关技术以及其它双频及多频高功率微波器件进行了初步的研究。
论文主要研究内容包括以下几个方面:
1.介绍了HPM研究背景,MILO的基本原理及国内外发展现状,进而阐述了BFMILO的研究意义。
2.提出了通过在旋转对称的常规单频率MILO内部设置谐振腔深度的角向分区来实现双频率HPM输出的思想,建立了BFMILO的物理模型,分析了BFMILO的工作原理和工作特点,开展了L波段BFMILO的设计;并采用数值计算的方法研究了L波段BFMILO的高频特性,得到了BFMILO的冷腔的谐振频率,场分布,Q值等信息,分析结果表明:谐振腔深度的角向分区分别对应着BFMILO的两个工作频率,角向分区的谐振腔可以分区工作。
3.采用三维粒子模拟程序对BFMILO进行了数值模拟研究与优化设计,研究了输出微波功率以及输出微波频率与输入电压的关系,以及微波的频谱特性;并研究了角向分区不同比例的BFMILO的微波产生特性,得到了热腔条件下的微波场分布,电子的相空图,输出微波的总功率和微波频率的变化等特性。在电子束电压为530 kV,电流为45.5 kA的条件下,所优化设计出的L波段BFMILO输出的双频微波信号频率分别为1.28GHz和1.50 GHz,周期平均功率约为2.65 GW,功率效率约为11%,两个频率谱的幅度相差约0.4 dB。粒子模拟研究进一步揭示了BFMILO内束-波互作用分区工作的规律。
4.开展了L波段BFMILO的实验研究,建立了L波段BFMILO的实验系统和测量系统,开展了二极管与阴极材料的发射特性研究,热测试了BFMILO的辐射方向图,通过辐射场功率密度积分得到了微波的总功率,首次得到了稳定的双频率的L波段BFMILO。在电子束电压约为420 kV,管电流约为34 kA的条件下,L波段BFMILO输出的双频HPM的频率分别为1.26GHz和1.45GHz,对应的微波功率分别为398MW和222MW。实验结果验证了BFMILO产生稳定的双频HPM的可行性,为双频HPM器件研究初步探索了一个新方向。
5.开展其它结构的双频和多频HPM器件的尝试性研究,进一步拓展了双频微波器件的研究内容。
Magnetically Insulated Transmission Line Oscillator (MILO) is a kind of cross-field device, which can generate High Power Microwave (HPM) without external magnetic field. Bifrquency Magnetically Insulated Transmission Line Oscillator (BFMILO) is a variation of that device which can generate HPM with two stable and separate frequencies, named bifrequency. This is a newly developing direction of HPM devices. A novel idea of BFMILO is put forward for the first time, and the model of BFMILO is built. An L-band BFMILO is theoretically analyzed and simulated by Particle-In-Cell (PIC) codes, and it is optimized, designed and experimented. In addition, some technologies relating to BFMILO and other bifrequency and multi-frequency HPM devices are also preliminarily investigated. The main research contents include:
Firstly, the investigation background of HPM, the principle of MILO and the actual state of MILO investigation in the world are introduced. Then, the value of BFMILO investigation is explained.
Secondly, a novel method of dividing a single device into different azimuthal partition to generate HPM with two frequencies is put forward for the first time in this paper. Resorting to the azimuthal partition of cavity-depth, a novel HPM device of BFMILO is put forward. The operation principle and character of BFMILO are analyzed, and an L-band BFMILO is designed. By the method of numerical calculation, the high-frequency characteristics of BFMILO are investigated, the information such as the eigen-frequencies, field distribution, Q-value of BFMILO's resonating cavities, is obtained. The analyses show that the two different azimuthal partitions are related to two different operation frequencies of BFMILO respectively, and those two azimuthal partitions of the resonating cavities in BFMILO can operate independently.
Thirdly, BFMILO is simulated, optimezed and designed taking the method of three-dimensional PIC simulation. The relationship between output microwave power and input voltage, output microwave frequencies and input voltage, are investigated. The spectra of microwave power and fields are also analyzed. Moreover, microwave generation characteristics of BFMILOs with different azimuthal-partition proportion are investigated, the information such as microwave field distritution in the hot cavities, particles in phase space, total output microwave power and spectra, is obtained. When the electron beam voltage is 530 kV and current is about 45.5 kA, a BFMILO can generate about 2.65 GW of HPM with two stable and separate frequencies. They are respectively 1.28 GHz and 1.50 GHz. The power conversion efficiency is about 11%. The amplitude difference of the spectrum between the two frequencies is about 0.4dB. The results confirm the rule that the interaction between electron beam and microwave in BFMILO is separately in different perticular partition once again.
Fourthly, a preliminary experiment of L-band BFMILO is carried out. Experimental system and measurement system are built. Measurement and calibration method are introduced. The diode of BFMILO and the emission characteristics of different cathode materials are also investigated. Far-field patterns of the antenna of L-band BFMILO are obtained, and the total microwave power is obtained by integral of power density of radiation field. FFT of the radiated microwave signal gives out two stable frequencies, which indicates an L-band BFMILO is developed successfully. Employing an electron beam of 420 kV , 34kA, an L-band BFMILO can generate HPM with two stable and separate frequencies. They are respectively 1.26 GHz and 1.45 GHz with respective microwave power of 398 MW and 222 MW. The results prove the feasibility that BFMILO can generate bifrequency HPM.
Eventually, some other bifrequency and multi-frequency HPM devices are investigated. They might exploit the investigation of bifrequency microwave devices.
论文主要研究内容包括以下几个方面:
1.介绍了HPM研究背景,MILO的基本原理及国内外发展现状,进而阐述了BFMILO的研究意义。
2.提出了通过在旋转对称的常规单频率MILO内部设置谐振腔深度的角向分区来实现双频率HPM输出的思想,建立了BFMILO的物理模型,分析了BFMILO的工作原理和工作特点,开展了L波段BFMILO的设计;并采用数值计算的方法研究了L波段BFMILO的高频特性,得到了BFMILO的冷腔的谐振频率,场分布,Q值等信息,分析结果表明:谐振腔深度的角向分区分别对应着BFMILO的两个工作频率,角向分区的谐振腔可以分区工作。
3.采用三维粒子模拟程序对BFMILO进行了数值模拟研究与优化设计,研究了输出微波功率以及输出微波频率与输入电压的关系,以及微波的频谱特性;并研究了角向分区不同比例的BFMILO的微波产生特性,得到了热腔条件下的微波场分布,电子的相空图,输出微波的总功率和微波频率的变化等特性。在电子束电压为530 kV,电流为45.5 kA的条件下,所优化设计出的L波段BFMILO输出的双频微波信号频率分别为1.28GHz和1.50 GHz,周期平均功率约为2.65 GW,功率效率约为11%,两个频率谱的幅度相差约0.4 dB。粒子模拟研究进一步揭示了BFMILO内束-波互作用分区工作的规律。
4.开展了L波段BFMILO的实验研究,建立了L波段BFMILO的实验系统和测量系统,开展了二极管与阴极材料的发射特性研究,热测试了BFMILO的辐射方向图,通过辐射场功率密度积分得到了微波的总功率,首次得到了稳定的双频率的L波段BFMILO。在电子束电压约为420 kV,管电流约为34 kA的条件下,L波段BFMILO输出的双频HPM的频率分别为1.26GHz和1.45GHz,对应的微波功率分别为398MW和222MW。实验结果验证了BFMILO产生稳定的双频HPM的可行性,为双频HPM器件研究初步探索了一个新方向。
5.开展其它结构的双频和多频HPM器件的尝试性研究,进一步拓展了双频微波器件的研究内容。
Magnetically Insulated Transmission Line Oscillator (MILO) is a kind of cross-field device, which can generate High Power Microwave (HPM) without external magnetic field. Bifrquency Magnetically Insulated Transmission Line Oscillator (BFMILO) is a variation of that device which can generate HPM with two stable and separate frequencies, named bifrequency. This is a newly developing direction of HPM devices. A novel idea of BFMILO is put forward for the first time, and the model of BFMILO is built. An L-band BFMILO is theoretically analyzed and simulated by Particle-In-Cell (PIC) codes, and it is optimized, designed and experimented. In addition, some technologies relating to BFMILO and other bifrequency and multi-frequency HPM devices are also preliminarily investigated. The main research contents include:
Firstly, the investigation background of HPM, the principle of MILO and the actual state of MILO investigation in the world are introduced. Then, the value of BFMILO investigation is explained.
Secondly, a novel method of dividing a single device into different azimuthal partition to generate HPM with two frequencies is put forward for the first time in this paper. Resorting to the azimuthal partition of cavity-depth, a novel HPM device of BFMILO is put forward. The operation principle and character of BFMILO are analyzed, and an L-band BFMILO is designed. By the method of numerical calculation, the high-frequency characteristics of BFMILO are investigated, the information such as the eigen-frequencies, field distribution, Q-value of BFMILO's resonating cavities, is obtained. The analyses show that the two different azimuthal partitions are related to two different operation frequencies of BFMILO respectively, and those two azimuthal partitions of the resonating cavities in BFMILO can operate independently.
Thirdly, BFMILO is simulated, optimezed and designed taking the method of three-dimensional PIC simulation. The relationship between output microwave power and input voltage, output microwave frequencies and input voltage, are investigated. The spectra of microwave power and fields are also analyzed. Moreover, microwave generation characteristics of BFMILOs with different azimuthal-partition proportion are investigated, the information such as microwave field distritution in the hot cavities, particles in phase space, total output microwave power and spectra, is obtained. When the electron beam voltage is 530 kV and current is about 45.5 kA, a BFMILO can generate about 2.65 GW of HPM with two stable and separate frequencies. They are respectively 1.28 GHz and 1.50 GHz. The power conversion efficiency is about 11%. The amplitude difference of the spectrum between the two frequencies is about 0.4dB. The results confirm the rule that the interaction between electron beam and microwave in BFMILO is separately in different perticular partition once again.
Fourthly, a preliminary experiment of L-band BFMILO is carried out. Experimental system and measurement system are built. Measurement and calibration method are introduced. The diode of BFMILO and the emission characteristics of different cathode materials are also investigated. Far-field patterns of the antenna of L-band BFMILO are obtained, and the total microwave power is obtained by integral of power density of radiation field. FFT of the radiated microwave signal gives out two stable frequencies, which indicates an L-band BFMILO is developed successfully. Employing an electron beam of 420 kV , 34kA, an L-band BFMILO can generate HPM with two stable and separate frequencies. They are respectively 1.26 GHz and 1.45 GHz with respective microwave power of 398 MW and 222 MW. The results prove the feasibility that BFMILO can generate bifrequency HPM.
Eventually, some other bifrequency and multi-frequency HPM devices are investigated. They might exploit the investigation of bifrequency microwave devices.
引文
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