长江口潮滩磷化氢形成与释放的环境调控机理浅析
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摘要
目前,磷化氢作为公认的磷的气相载体存在于自然界中,在陆源大气、土壤、盐沼湿地和湖泊等环境中均发现了该化合物的存在。磷化氢的发现,是对磷的生物地球化学循环过程的一种重要补充,为磷元素在水圈中传统的循环模式与机制提出了新的认识和思考,它在磷循环过程中的地位和作用及其产生机制成为现代研究的热点。磷化氢以游离气态和基质结合态两种形态存在于自然介质中。长江口潮滩沉积物作为磷化氢的蓄积库,在磷循环过程中常常作为磷源存在,因此开展基质结合态磷化氢生成、迁移、转化等机制的研究对弄清长江口潮滩磷的生物地球化学循环过程具有重大意义。
本文以长江口滨岸潮滩为研究对象,选取浒浦(XP)、吴淞口(WSK)、白龙港(BLG)、浏河口(LHK)、芦潮港(LC)、大兴港(DXG)、寅阳(YY)7个典型采样断面,研究沉积物中磷化氢含量和释放通量的时空分布规律,并结合长江口沉积物理化性质特征,探究磷化氢含量和释放通量的主要控制因子。主要的研究结论如下：
1.长江口滨岸潮滩表层沉积物中基质结合态磷化氢的含量存在明显的时空分布差异。基质结合态磷化氢含量范围在2.4-15.78 ng/kg之间。2009年9月(2009.09)、2010年1月(2010.01)、2010年5月(2010.05)、2010年8月(2010.08)表层沉积物中基质结合态磷化氢含量分别达4.08-12.06ng/kg、2.40-7.74 ng/kg、3.07-7.34ng/kg、4.60-15.78 ng/kg;总体季节性变化趋势为：夏季>春季>冬季。研究表明长江口潮滩滨岸带沉积物中基质结合态磷化氢含量明显低于其他水生环境基质结合态磷化氢含量水平。
2.长江口潮滩表层沉积物中磷化氢释放通量存在明显的时空分布差异。磷化氢释放通量变化范围在0.21-36.52ng·m~(-2)·h~(-1)之间,以WSK(2009.09)最高,YY(2010.01)最低。2009.09、2010.01、2010.05、2010.08表层沉积物中磷化氢释放通量分别为4.20-36.52ng·m~(-2)·h~(-1)、0.21-0.90 ng·m~(-2)·h~(-1)、1.23-6.33 ng·m~(-2)·h~(-1)、3.85-32.40 ng·m~(-2)·h~(-1),有着明显的季节性变化趋势。
3.长江口潮滩湿地表层沉积物中基质结合态磷化氢的含量与沉积物中磷化氢的释放通量密切相关。解磷细菌数量、碱性磷酸酶活性是基质结合态磷化氢含量及释放通量的主要环境控制因子。通过相关性分析发现,长江口潮滩湿地表层沉积物中OPB、IPB数量与TP、TP、OP浓度之间有着正相关关系。从而,磷组分亦是影响沉积物中基质结合态磷化氢含量的重要因素。
4.沉积物中基质结合态磷化氢含量及释放通量与沉积物有机质(OC、ON)、盐度、温度呈现相关性,但沉积物粒径与基质结合态磷化氢含量的相关性并不明显。
Phosphine, a volatile constituent of the global biogeochemical phosphorus cycle, has been proved to be widespread in the environment. Now the study of phosphine is mainly focused on researches of phosphine in air, land, marsh and lake. Phosphine exists in two different forms:free gaseous phosphine and matrix-bound phosphine. The discovery of phosphine is an important complement to the biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus, however, its function and status in the biogeochemical recycle has not been identified so far. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the distribution, emission, transfer, transformation of phosphine in marine environment and its possible link to phosphorus cycle. The intertidal sediment of the Yangtze estuary is the source of the phosphate cycle and the accumulation of phosphine, so it is great significance for the research of phosphine in the phosphate biogeochemical cycle in the Yangtze estuary.
The study area is situated on the Yangtze Estuary and adjacent coastal tidal flat areas. They are XP, LHK, WSK, BLG, LC, DXG and YY. Both field and laboratory experiments were carried out to study the distribution characteristics, emission flux, transformation mechanism of phosphine in marine sediments. The main results are as follows:
1. The content of matrix-bound phosphine is obviously different in temporal change and spatial distribution in the intertidal sediment of the Yangtze estuary. The contents of matrix-bound phosphine are 2.4～15.78 ng/kg, and 4.08～12.06 ng/kg (2009.09)、2.40～7.74 ng/kg (2010.01)、3.07～7.34 ng/kg (2010.05)、4.60～15.78 ng/kg (2010.08), and it was lower than other matrix-bound phosphine contents of aquatic environment. The trend of temporal change is very obvious.
2. The flux of phosphine is obviously different in temporal change and spatial distribution in the intertidal sediment of the Yangtze estuary. The flux of phosphine is 0.21-36.52ng m-2·h-1, the highest in WSK(2009.09), the lowest in YY(2010.01). The flux of phosphine in different seasons are 4.20-36.52 ng·m-2·h-1 (2009.09)、0.21-0.90 ng·m-2·h-1 (2010.01).1.23-6.33 ng·m-2·h-1 (2010.05)、3.85-32.40 ng·m-2·h-1 (2010.08), and it has a clear seasonal trend.
3. The research proved that there are significant correlations of matrix-bound phosphine with the flux of phosphine in intertidal surface sediments of the Yangtze Estuary.. The major environmental control factors of matrix-bound phosphine are the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and the alkaline phosphatase activity (APA). The phosphorus form also is one of the factors because the pronounced correlations of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with the phosphorus form.
4. There is significantly correlation among the content and the flux of matrix-bound phosphine, the organic matter(OC,ON), salinity,temperature. But it is not obvious between the particle size and the matrix-bound phosphine content relevance.
本文以长江口滨岸潮滩为研究对象,选取浒浦(XP)、吴淞口(WSK)、白龙港(BLG)、浏河口(LHK)、芦潮港(LC)、大兴港(DXG)、寅阳(YY)7个典型采样断面,研究沉积物中磷化氢含量和释放通量的时空分布规律,并结合长江口沉积物理化性质特征,探究磷化氢含量和释放通量的主要控制因子。主要的研究结论如下：
1.长江口滨岸潮滩表层沉积物中基质结合态磷化氢的含量存在明显的时空分布差异。基质结合态磷化氢含量范围在2.4-15.78 ng/kg之间。2009年9月(2009.09)、2010年1月(2010.01)、2010年5月(2010.05)、2010年8月(2010.08)表层沉积物中基质结合态磷化氢含量分别达4.08-12.06ng/kg、2.40-7.74 ng/kg、3.07-7.34ng/kg、4.60-15.78 ng/kg;总体季节性变化趋势为：夏季>春季>冬季。研究表明长江口潮滩滨岸带沉积物中基质结合态磷化氢含量明显低于其他水生环境基质结合态磷化氢含量水平。
2.长江口潮滩表层沉积物中磷化氢释放通量存在明显的时空分布差异。磷化氢释放通量变化范围在0.21-36.52ng·m~(-2)·h~(-1)之间,以WSK(2009.09)最高,YY(2010.01)最低。2009.09、2010.01、2010.05、2010.08表层沉积物中磷化氢释放通量分别为4.20-36.52ng·m~(-2)·h~(-1)、0.21-0.90 ng·m~(-2)·h~(-1)、1.23-6.33 ng·m~(-2)·h~(-1)、3.85-32.40 ng·m~(-2)·h~(-1),有着明显的季节性变化趋势。
3.长江口潮滩湿地表层沉积物中基质结合态磷化氢的含量与沉积物中磷化氢的释放通量密切相关。解磷细菌数量、碱性磷酸酶活性是基质结合态磷化氢含量及释放通量的主要环境控制因子。通过相关性分析发现,长江口潮滩湿地表层沉积物中OPB、IPB数量与TP、TP、OP浓度之间有着正相关关系。从而,磷组分亦是影响沉积物中基质结合态磷化氢含量的重要因素。
4.沉积物中基质结合态磷化氢含量及释放通量与沉积物有机质(OC、ON)、盐度、温度呈现相关性,但沉积物粒径与基质结合态磷化氢含量的相关性并不明显。
Phosphine, a volatile constituent of the global biogeochemical phosphorus cycle, has been proved to be widespread in the environment. Now the study of phosphine is mainly focused on researches of phosphine in air, land, marsh and lake. Phosphine exists in two different forms:free gaseous phosphine and matrix-bound phosphine. The discovery of phosphine is an important complement to the biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus, however, its function and status in the biogeochemical recycle has not been identified so far. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the distribution, emission, transfer, transformation of phosphine in marine environment and its possible link to phosphorus cycle. The intertidal sediment of the Yangtze estuary is the source of the phosphate cycle and the accumulation of phosphine, so it is great significance for the research of phosphine in the phosphate biogeochemical cycle in the Yangtze estuary.
The study area is situated on the Yangtze Estuary and adjacent coastal tidal flat areas. They are XP, LHK, WSK, BLG, LC, DXG and YY. Both field and laboratory experiments were carried out to study the distribution characteristics, emission flux, transformation mechanism of phosphine in marine sediments. The main results are as follows:
1. The content of matrix-bound phosphine is obviously different in temporal change and spatial distribution in the intertidal sediment of the Yangtze estuary. The contents of matrix-bound phosphine are 2.4～15.78 ng/kg, and 4.08～12.06 ng/kg (2009.09)、2.40～7.74 ng/kg (2010.01)、3.07～7.34 ng/kg (2010.05)、4.60～15.78 ng/kg (2010.08), and it was lower than other matrix-bound phosphine contents of aquatic environment. The trend of temporal change is very obvious.
2. The flux of phosphine is obviously different in temporal change and spatial distribution in the intertidal sediment of the Yangtze estuary. The flux of phosphine is 0.21-36.52ng m-2·h-1, the highest in WSK(2009.09), the lowest in YY(2010.01). The flux of phosphine in different seasons are 4.20-36.52 ng·m-2·h-1 (2009.09)、0.21-0.90 ng·m-2·h-1 (2010.01).1.23-6.33 ng·m-2·h-1 (2010.05)、3.85-32.40 ng·m-2·h-1 (2010.08), and it has a clear seasonal trend.
3. The research proved that there are significant correlations of matrix-bound phosphine with the flux of phosphine in intertidal surface sediments of the Yangtze Estuary.. The major environmental control factors of matrix-bound phosphine are the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and the alkaline phosphatase activity (APA). The phosphorus form also is one of the factors because the pronounced correlations of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with the phosphorus form.
4. There is significantly correlation among the content and the flux of matrix-bound phosphine, the organic matter(OC,ON), salinity,temperature. But it is not obvious between the particle size and the matrix-bound phosphine content relevance.
引文
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