贸易开放、价格传导与农民福利
|
摘要
我国是世界上城乡收入差距最大的国家之一,2002年之后,这一差距更是达到了3倍以上,城乡二元结构也日益显现。2001年入世前后,一直有人担心市场的开放会通过国际市场的价格传导对国内农产品价格带来不利的影响,从而阻碍农民福利水平的提高。由此认为应该对我国的农产品市场实施保护,以确保农民福利不会因贸易开放而受损。
我国是农业大国,且人口众多,农产品,尤其是粮食的自给自足对我国而言意义重大,农产品的供给不能过分依赖国外市场。出于某些方面的考虑,对我国农产品市场实施一定程度的保护是合理且有必要的。但是,贸易开放是否会通过价格传导对我国农民的福利带来损失,这一点值得商榷。
通过对我国主要农产品国内外价格走势的对比分析发现,农产品市场的开放对国内主要农产品的价格传导的确存在,由于我国绝大多数农产品在国际市场上普遍不具有比较优势,开放农产品市场后的价格传导一定程度上压低了国内农产品的价格。单从农产品市场开放和农民的绝对收入角度上看,市场开放有可能会降低农民的农业收入,对我国农民收入水平的提高可能会带来不利影响。
但是,农民不仅是农产品的生产者和消费者,同时也是工业产品的消费者,因此对农民实际购买力和福利起作用的不仅是农产品价格,还有工业产品价格。如果说前者更多地决定了农民的绝对收入水平,那么后者与前者则共同决定了该收入水平的实际购买力,即真实收入和福利水平。因此,影响农民实际购买力和收入水平的价格确切地说应该是二者的相对价格,即工农产品的贸易条件。其次,我们所面临的贸易开放是全面的开放。在更好地利用比较优势获取贸易福利的同时,我们自身的市场准入程度也会提高。虽然各国都会倾向于开放优势部门进入别国市场,保护弱势部门不被他国进入,但多方博弈的贸易谈判必然会使各方都必须接受基本对等的全面开放,对我国而言,农产品市场开放是不可避免的。在全面的贸易开放条件下,我们既要看到价格传导对农产品价格带来的影响,又要看到其对工业产品价格带来的影响。
因此,在从价格的角度讨论贸易开放、价格传导对农民收入和福利影响的问题时,我们真正需要讨论的是,在全面的贸易开放条件下,国际市场的价格传导对国内的工农产品贸易条件,即两者的相对价格,可能的影响机制、趋势、及其对农民福利的影响。
从相对价格角度讨论贸易开放、价格传导对我国农民福利的实际影响是一个需要通过逻辑推导证明的命题。首先,本文通过分析我国主要农产品国内外价格走势以及市场开放情况,对我国主要农产品受国际市场价格传导的影响进行研究,结果表明,国际市场价格传导对我国农产品价格的影响的确存在,单从农产品市场开放及农民绝对收入的角度看,市场开放有可能会降低农民的农业收入,对我国农民收入水平的提高可能会带来不利影响。
其次,从相对价格角度考虑,全面的贸易开放带来的价格传导对国内工农产品的价格都会产生影响,贸易开放对相对价格影响的方向和大小取决于其分别对国内农产品和工业品价格传导的方向和大小。本文利用国内外农产品和工业品的相关价格数据,定性的分析和比较了贸易开放带来的价格传导对我国国内工农产品价格的影响方向及程度,研究结果表明,贸易开放带来的价格传导对国内工业品的价格比农产品价格影响更大。由于国内工业品和农产品总的来说在国际市场上不具有比较优势,所以相对于农产品,价格传导更多的下拉了工业品的价格。
第三,在贸易开放对工农产品相对价格影响的实证研究中,拟利用我国的相关历史数据对此进行初步的考察和相应的实证分析。研究将利用1978-2007年间的相关数据,对贸易开放与工农产品相对价格之间的关系进行实证分析,揭示全面贸易开放通过价格传导对工农产品相对价格的影响方向以及程度,研究结果表明,全面的贸易开放有对我国国内工农产品贸易条件向有利于农产品方向的推动作用,事实上,更紧密的市场渗透、更快的科技进步和价格传导机制使工业部门的贸易开放对国内工业品价格下拉的作用力度和幅度比农业要大很多。因此,贸易的全面开放有使国内农产品相对价格上升、工业产品相对价格下降的作用。
最后,作为从相对价格角度探讨贸易开放、价格传导对农民福利影响问题的最后一环,相对价格的变化会对我国农民福利水平产生怎样的影响,及其影响机制,是需要讨论的重点问题之一。本文将我国农村居民消费结构的变化作为农民福利水平提高的重要表现,利用1978-2007年间的相关数据,实证分析了工农产品相对价格的变化对农村居民消费结构的影响,并利用相关经济学理论对其影响机理进行阐述。研究结果表明,全面贸易开放条件下,国内工业品相对于农产品的价格下降将较大程度地提高农民实际收入的购买力,同时有利于改善我国农村居民的消费结构,使农村居民更多的消费工业产品,相对减小农产品消费所占比重。从消费结构层面上看,工业品相对价格的下降有利于我国农民福利水平的提高。
China is one of the countries with the largest rural-urban income gap in the world. Its ratio of urban income to rural income has been up to 3 times since 2000 and urban-rural dual structure displays gradually. After China's accession by WTO in 2001, concerns are escalated that trade openness will have negative impact on the domestic agricultural prices through the conducting mechanism by international prices, which may hinder the improvement of farmers'welfare. That is the reason why some researchers insisted on protecting our agricultural market from trade openness.
Food sufficiency is meaningful to China, as it is a large agricultural country, characterized with large population. And the supply of agricultural products can't mainly rely on the foreign market. So it is rational and indispensable to protect the agricultural market. But the question whether the trade openness will threaten farmers'welfare by price conducting mechanism deserves further study.
Through compared the tendency of the domestic with international prices of main agricultural products, the price conducting mechanism between agricultural market's openness and domestic prices of main agricultural products exists indeed, as most of our agricultural products don't have the comparative advantages in international market, whose prices will be lowered after market openness. Judged just by the angle of agricultural market openness and the farmer's absolute income, trade openness will decrease the farmers'agricultural income, and have negative effect on the enhancement of farmers' income in China.
But farmers are not only the producer and consumer of agricultural products, also the consumer of industrial products. Thus, besides the prices of agricultural products, the industrial products'prices are also the factors, which decide the farmers'real purchasing power and welfare. While the agricultural products' prices determine more the farmers'real income, both of the prices decide the real purchasing power under the income level, that is real income and welfare level. Therefore, the factor which really determines the farmer real purchasing power and income is the relative price of agricultural and industrial products, which can also be explained as agricultural-Industrial trade terms. Besides that, the trade openness we confront with is general openness. Our market access will increase gradually, while we benefit from the openness by exerting our comparative advantage. Although most of the countries are inclined to open the sectors with comparative advantage, and protect that of comparative disadvantage, the eventual result is every party will accept overall openness equally after multilateral game. In that case, the influence of price conducting to both agricultural and industrial products should be involved
Thus, when the impact of trade openness and price conducting on farmers' income and welfare from the angle of price are concerned, what really needs to be studied is the mechanism, by which the international price will impact on the domestic agricultural-Industrial trade terms, its tendency and the impact on the farmers' welfare.
The point that actual impacts of trade openness and price conducting on farmers' welfare can be discussed from the angle of relative price needs to be proved through logical deduction. First, the thesis studies the infection of international price on main agricultural products in China, by analyzing the domestic and international prices of the main agricultural products. The result indicates, international price conducting influence China's domestic price indeed. And Judged by the market openness of agricultural products and farmers'real income, market openness will decrease the farmers'agricultural income and have disadvantage to the improvement of our farmers' income.
Secondly, considered from the angle of relative price, the price conducting brought by overall openness will affect the prices of agricultural and industrial products. And the direction and dimension of the impact of trade openness to relative price depend on those of the price conducting to domestic agricultural and industrial products individually. The impact of price conducting by trade openness on domestic agricultural products and industrial products are qualitatively analyzed and compared in the paper, by utilizing the price of domestic and international agricultural and industrial products. The conclusion is that the impact of price conducting on industrial products is larger than that on agricultural products. As both of domestic industrial and agricultural products don't have comparative advantage in international market, price conducting mechanism makes the price of industrial products lower, compared to agricultural products.
Thirdly, the empirical study on the influence of trade openness to the relative price of agricultural and industrial products is conducted in the dissertation, using the historical datum during 1978 to 2007, which disclose the direction and dimension of the impact of overall openness on relative price of agricultural price by price conducting. It shows overall openness contributes to push the agricultural-Industrial trade terms to the facet more beneficial to agricultural products. Actually, more intensive market penetration, quicker technical progress and price conducting mechanism make the pull-down effect of industrial sector's openness to domestic industrial products'prices is much larger that that of agricultural sectors'openness to agricultural products'prices. Therefore, overall trade openness will increase the domestic agricultural products'price and decrease the industrial products' products.
Finally, as the last link of the study, what's the main impact of the changes of relative prices on farmers'income and its impact mechanism are another questions to be discussed. The changes of rural residents'consumer structure are used to stand for that of farmers' welfare. The paper analyses the effect of relative prices'change on rural residents' consumer structure empirically by the datum from 1978-2007, and illustrates its mechanism using economic theory. It proves that the decrease of the industrial relative price will increase the purchasing power of farmers'real income and is beneficial to improve the consumer structure of rural residents. They will consume more industrial products, which decreases the share of agricultural products and reflects the improvement of China's rural residents' living standard.
我国是农业大国,且人口众多,农产品,尤其是粮食的自给自足对我国而言意义重大,农产品的供给不能过分依赖国外市场。出于某些方面的考虑,对我国农产品市场实施一定程度的保护是合理且有必要的。但是,贸易开放是否会通过价格传导对我国农民的福利带来损失,这一点值得商榷。
通过对我国主要农产品国内外价格走势的对比分析发现,农产品市场的开放对国内主要农产品的价格传导的确存在,由于我国绝大多数农产品在国际市场上普遍不具有比较优势,开放农产品市场后的价格传导一定程度上压低了国内农产品的价格。单从农产品市场开放和农民的绝对收入角度上看,市场开放有可能会降低农民的农业收入,对我国农民收入水平的提高可能会带来不利影响。
但是,农民不仅是农产品的生产者和消费者,同时也是工业产品的消费者,因此对农民实际购买力和福利起作用的不仅是农产品价格,还有工业产品价格。如果说前者更多地决定了农民的绝对收入水平,那么后者与前者则共同决定了该收入水平的实际购买力,即真实收入和福利水平。因此,影响农民实际购买力和收入水平的价格确切地说应该是二者的相对价格,即工农产品的贸易条件。其次,我们所面临的贸易开放是全面的开放。在更好地利用比较优势获取贸易福利的同时,我们自身的市场准入程度也会提高。虽然各国都会倾向于开放优势部门进入别国市场,保护弱势部门不被他国进入,但多方博弈的贸易谈判必然会使各方都必须接受基本对等的全面开放,对我国而言,农产品市场开放是不可避免的。在全面的贸易开放条件下,我们既要看到价格传导对农产品价格带来的影响,又要看到其对工业产品价格带来的影响。
因此,在从价格的角度讨论贸易开放、价格传导对农民收入和福利影响的问题时,我们真正需要讨论的是,在全面的贸易开放条件下,国际市场的价格传导对国内的工农产品贸易条件,即两者的相对价格,可能的影响机制、趋势、及其对农民福利的影响。
从相对价格角度讨论贸易开放、价格传导对我国农民福利的实际影响是一个需要通过逻辑推导证明的命题。首先,本文通过分析我国主要农产品国内外价格走势以及市场开放情况,对我国主要农产品受国际市场价格传导的影响进行研究,结果表明,国际市场价格传导对我国农产品价格的影响的确存在,单从农产品市场开放及农民绝对收入的角度看,市场开放有可能会降低农民的农业收入,对我国农民收入水平的提高可能会带来不利影响。
其次,从相对价格角度考虑,全面的贸易开放带来的价格传导对国内工农产品的价格都会产生影响,贸易开放对相对价格影响的方向和大小取决于其分别对国内农产品和工业品价格传导的方向和大小。本文利用国内外农产品和工业品的相关价格数据,定性的分析和比较了贸易开放带来的价格传导对我国国内工农产品价格的影响方向及程度,研究结果表明,贸易开放带来的价格传导对国内工业品的价格比农产品价格影响更大。由于国内工业品和农产品总的来说在国际市场上不具有比较优势,所以相对于农产品,价格传导更多的下拉了工业品的价格。
第三,在贸易开放对工农产品相对价格影响的实证研究中,拟利用我国的相关历史数据对此进行初步的考察和相应的实证分析。研究将利用1978-2007年间的相关数据,对贸易开放与工农产品相对价格之间的关系进行实证分析,揭示全面贸易开放通过价格传导对工农产品相对价格的影响方向以及程度,研究结果表明,全面的贸易开放有对我国国内工农产品贸易条件向有利于农产品方向的推动作用,事实上,更紧密的市场渗透、更快的科技进步和价格传导机制使工业部门的贸易开放对国内工业品价格下拉的作用力度和幅度比农业要大很多。因此,贸易的全面开放有使国内农产品相对价格上升、工业产品相对价格下降的作用。
最后,作为从相对价格角度探讨贸易开放、价格传导对农民福利影响问题的最后一环,相对价格的变化会对我国农民福利水平产生怎样的影响,及其影响机制,是需要讨论的重点问题之一。本文将我国农村居民消费结构的变化作为农民福利水平提高的重要表现,利用1978-2007年间的相关数据,实证分析了工农产品相对价格的变化对农村居民消费结构的影响,并利用相关经济学理论对其影响机理进行阐述。研究结果表明,全面贸易开放条件下,国内工业品相对于农产品的价格下降将较大程度地提高农民实际收入的购买力,同时有利于改善我国农村居民的消费结构,使农村居民更多的消费工业产品,相对减小农产品消费所占比重。从消费结构层面上看,工业品相对价格的下降有利于我国农民福利水平的提高。
China is one of the countries with the largest rural-urban income gap in the world. Its ratio of urban income to rural income has been up to 3 times since 2000 and urban-rural dual structure displays gradually. After China's accession by WTO in 2001, concerns are escalated that trade openness will have negative impact on the domestic agricultural prices through the conducting mechanism by international prices, which may hinder the improvement of farmers'welfare. That is the reason why some researchers insisted on protecting our agricultural market from trade openness.
Food sufficiency is meaningful to China, as it is a large agricultural country, characterized with large population. And the supply of agricultural products can't mainly rely on the foreign market. So it is rational and indispensable to protect the agricultural market. But the question whether the trade openness will threaten farmers'welfare by price conducting mechanism deserves further study.
Through compared the tendency of the domestic with international prices of main agricultural products, the price conducting mechanism between agricultural market's openness and domestic prices of main agricultural products exists indeed, as most of our agricultural products don't have the comparative advantages in international market, whose prices will be lowered after market openness. Judged just by the angle of agricultural market openness and the farmer's absolute income, trade openness will decrease the farmers'agricultural income, and have negative effect on the enhancement of farmers' income in China.
But farmers are not only the producer and consumer of agricultural products, also the consumer of industrial products. Thus, besides the prices of agricultural products, the industrial products'prices are also the factors, which decide the farmers'real purchasing power and welfare. While the agricultural products' prices determine more the farmers'real income, both of the prices decide the real purchasing power under the income level, that is real income and welfare level. Therefore, the factor which really determines the farmer real purchasing power and income is the relative price of agricultural and industrial products, which can also be explained as agricultural-Industrial trade terms. Besides that, the trade openness we confront with is general openness. Our market access will increase gradually, while we benefit from the openness by exerting our comparative advantage. Although most of the countries are inclined to open the sectors with comparative advantage, and protect that of comparative disadvantage, the eventual result is every party will accept overall openness equally after multilateral game. In that case, the influence of price conducting to both agricultural and industrial products should be involved
Thus, when the impact of trade openness and price conducting on farmers' income and welfare from the angle of price are concerned, what really needs to be studied is the mechanism, by which the international price will impact on the domestic agricultural-Industrial trade terms, its tendency and the impact on the farmers' welfare.
The point that actual impacts of trade openness and price conducting on farmers' welfare can be discussed from the angle of relative price needs to be proved through logical deduction. First, the thesis studies the infection of international price on main agricultural products in China, by analyzing the domestic and international prices of the main agricultural products. The result indicates, international price conducting influence China's domestic price indeed. And Judged by the market openness of agricultural products and farmers'real income, market openness will decrease the farmers'agricultural income and have disadvantage to the improvement of our farmers' income.
Secondly, considered from the angle of relative price, the price conducting brought by overall openness will affect the prices of agricultural and industrial products. And the direction and dimension of the impact of trade openness to relative price depend on those of the price conducting to domestic agricultural and industrial products individually. The impact of price conducting by trade openness on domestic agricultural products and industrial products are qualitatively analyzed and compared in the paper, by utilizing the price of domestic and international agricultural and industrial products. The conclusion is that the impact of price conducting on industrial products is larger than that on agricultural products. As both of domestic industrial and agricultural products don't have comparative advantage in international market, price conducting mechanism makes the price of industrial products lower, compared to agricultural products.
Thirdly, the empirical study on the influence of trade openness to the relative price of agricultural and industrial products is conducted in the dissertation, using the historical datum during 1978 to 2007, which disclose the direction and dimension of the impact of overall openness on relative price of agricultural price by price conducting. It shows overall openness contributes to push the agricultural-Industrial trade terms to the facet more beneficial to agricultural products. Actually, more intensive market penetration, quicker technical progress and price conducting mechanism make the pull-down effect of industrial sector's openness to domestic industrial products'prices is much larger that that of agricultural sectors'openness to agricultural products'prices. Therefore, overall trade openness will increase the domestic agricultural products'price and decrease the industrial products' products.
Finally, as the last link of the study, what's the main impact of the changes of relative prices on farmers'income and its impact mechanism are another questions to be discussed. The changes of rural residents'consumer structure are used to stand for that of farmers' welfare. The paper analyses the effect of relative prices'change on rural residents' consumer structure empirically by the datum from 1978-2007, and illustrates its mechanism using economic theory. It proves that the decrease of the industrial relative price will increase the purchasing power of farmers'real income and is beneficial to improve the consumer structure of rural residents. They will consume more industrial products, which decreases the share of agricultural products and reflects the improvement of China's rural residents' living standard.
引文
[1]Agenor, Pierre-Richard, and Joshua Aizenman.Trade Liberalization and Unemployment [J]. Journal of International Trade and Development.1996(5),65-86
[2]Cater, C.A. and A. J. Etin. China's Trade integration and Impact on Factor Markets.Working paper. University of California Davis.2002(1)
[3]Chris R.Eggerman. Impact of Fuel Price Increases on Texas Crops[J] Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meetings.2006(2)
[4]Corbo, Vittorio, and McNelis, Paul D. The Pricing of Manufactured Goods during Trade Liberalization:Evidence from Chile,Israel, and Korea[J]The Review of Economics and Statistics.1989(3),91-99
[5]D.W. Holland. Output Change in U.S. Agriculture:An Input-output Analysis [J] Southern Agricultural Economics Association.1993(12)
[6]Daniel F. Spulber. Innovation and international trade in technology. Journal of Economic Theory.2008(138),1-20
[7]Diornbusch, R.The case for trade liberalization in developing countries.Journal of economic perspectives.1992 (1),69-85
[8]Dollar, David, and Art Kraay.Trade, Growth, and Poverty [Z].Policy Research Working Paper No.2615, the World Bank,2001(9)
[9]Fan Shenggen, Linxiu Zhang and Xiaobo Zhang. Growth, Inequality, and Poverty in Rural China:The Role of Public Investments. IFRRI Research Report. Forthcoming, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D.C.2001
[10]Feder, Gershon, Lawrence J.Lau, Justin Y.Lin, and Xiaopeng Luo. The Determinants of Farm Investment and Residential Construction in Post-reform China. Economic Development and Cultural Change.1992(41),1-26
[11]Findlay, Ronald, and Henry Kierzkowski.International Trade and Human Capital:A Simple General Equilibrium Model[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1983(9),957-978
[12]Francisco Galrao Carneiro. The Impacts of Trade on the Brazilian Labor Market:A CGE Model Approach World Development.2003 (9),1581-1595
[13]Gamber, E. and J. Hung, Has the rise in globalization reduced U.S. inflation in the 1990s?[J] Economic Inquiry.2001(39),58-73
[14]Huang Jikun, "Agricult ural Policy and Food Security", Working Paper, Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
[15]Huang Jikun, Scott Rozelle, and Mark Rosegrant. China's Food Economy to the 21 st Century: Supply. Demand and Trade. Economic Development and Cultural Change.1999(47)
[16]Huang, J., S. Rozelle and M. Rosegrant. "China's Food Economy to the 21st Century:Supply, Demand and Trade".Economic Development and Cultural Change.47.4(July),737-766
[17]Irwin, Douglas A., and Marko Tervio.Does Trade Raise Income? Evidence from the Twentieth Century[J].Journal of International Economics.2002(58),1-18
[18]Jikun Huang, Yang Jun Zhigang Xu, Scott Rozelle, Ninghui Li. Agricultural trade liberalization and poverty in China. China Economic Review.2007 (18),244-265
[19]Krueger,A.O. Trade and Employment in Developing Countries. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.1983
[20]Leroy Quanee and Luther Tweeten Simulating. the impact of input-price inflation on farm income [J]Southern Journal of Agricultural Eeonomics.1971(12)
[21]Lin.J.Y. Rural Forms and Agricultural Growth in China. American Economic Review. 2007(82),34-51
[22]M.Ghaffar Chaudhry. Recent Input-Output Price Policy in Pakistan, Agriculture:Effects on Producers and Consumers[J]The Pakistan Development Review.1995(1)
[23]Raul J. Crespo. Total Factor Productivity:An Unobserved Components Approach. Discussion Paper.2005
[24]SoLow Robert. A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics.1956(70),65-94
[25]Solow.R.M. Technical change and the Aggregate Production Function. The Review of Economics and Statistics.1957(39)
[26]Tang.A.M. An Analytical and Empirical Investigation of Agriculture in Mainland China.1952-1980. Washington. DC:University of Washington Press.1984
[27]Wen.J.G. Total Factor Productivity Change in China's Farming Sector:1952-1989. Economic Development and Cultural Change.1992(42),1-41
[28]William M Liefert. The Allocate Efficiency of Material Input Use in Russian Agriculture[J]Comparative Economic Studies.2005(47),214-223
[29]World Bank. At China's Table:Food Security Options. Washington, D.C:The World Bank. 1997
[30]World Bank. Globalization, Growth, and Poverty[Z].The World Bank, Washington DC.2002
[31]Xinshen Diao, Jbrn Rattsb and Hildegunn Ekroll Stokke. International spillovers. productivity growth and openness in Thailand. Journal of Development Economics.2005(76),429-450
[32]Yang. D, and H. Zhou. Rural-Urban Disparity and Sectoral Labour Allocation in China. Research Papers in Asian Pacific Studies. Duke University. Durham. North Carolina.1996
[33]蔡昉：农村剩余劳动力流动的制度性障碍分析[J],经济学动态,2005(1)35-39
[34]陈汉圣、吕涛：农业生产资料价格变动对农户的影响[J],中国农村观察,1997(2)：39-43
[35]陈随军：新阶段新挑战新发展——市场化国际化新世纪中国农业发展学术研讨会综述[J],中国农村经济,2000(7)：77-78
[36]陈艳、王雅鹏：农民家庭经营性纯收入影响因素的贡献分析[J],农业技术经济,2004(5)：66-72
[37]陈怡、王洪亮：关于贸易自由化影响发展中国家贫困的研究—理论与实证[J],经济问题探索,2008(12)：149-154
[38]程国强、中国农产品出口：增长、结构与贡献[J],管理世界,2004(11)：85-96
[39]程国强：WTO农业规则与中国发展[M],北京,中国经济出版社,2000(3)
[40]程国强：外国农产品会大举登陆吗[J],瞭望新闻周刊,1999(50)：10-13
[41]仇怡：中国工业制成品产业内贸易技术进步效应研究,科学学研究[J],2007(4)
[42]杜伟民：WTO与中国农民增收[J],林业经济,2002(10)：16-18
[43]范志勇、向弟海：汇率和国际市场价格冲击对国内价格波动的影响[J],金融研究,2006(2)
[44]方先明、裴平、张谊浩：外汇储备增加的通货膨胀效应和货币冲消政策的有效性[J],金融研究,2006(7)
[45]付江涛：农资价格波动与小麦收益关系的研究[D],南京农业大学,2007
[46]宫哲元：对外贸易对中国国内商品价格水平的影响分析[J],经济与管理,2005(9)：82-85
[47]龚秀国、邓菊秋：贸易自由化、国内商品价格与外国商品价格[J],世界经济,2001(11)：42-44
[48]管毅平：折断的需求曲线：传统与当代的理解,中国人民大学学报[J],2001(1)
[49]郭剑雄、王学真：开放条件下的我国农业技术进步,经济学家[J],2002(6)
[50]郭松、马玉敏：浅析农资价格走向对农民增收的影响[J],内蒙古统计,2007(3)
[51]郭占庆：“入世”对我国农民收入的影响及其对策[J],枣庄师范专科学校学报,2002(8)：43-46
[52]郭占庆：加入世界贸易组织对我国农民收入的影响及其对策[J],农业经济问题,2002(6)：30-33
[53]国家发展和改革委员会宏观经济研究院课题组：中国加入WTO后的就业问题[J],中国人口科学,2003(2：)1-9
[54]国家统计局：《中国农村贫困监测报告》[M],中国统计出版社,2001
[55]国务院发展研究中心课题组：加入WTO的十大结果[J],新华文摘,2000(1)
[56]韩仲伟：科技应用促进苏州农民增收研究[D],南京农业大学,2006
[57]胡海军、张卫东、向锦：贸易开放度与我国农村贫困的联系的实证研究[J],国际贸易问题,2007(8)：15-21
[58]胡文政：农民交易条件波动的影响与成因[J],农业经济问题,1994(7)：2-8
[59]胡迎春、余佶：从发展中国家的角度看农产品贸易自由化的主要问题——兼评菲律宾农业贸易自由化的负面影响,黑龙江对外经贸[J],2003(3)
[60]黄昌利：生产者价格与汇率和国外价格间关系的实证研究[J],国际金融研究,2008(8)：4-14
[61]黄季焜、Scott Rozelle、解玉平、张敏：从农产品价格保护程度和市场整合程度看入世对中国农业的影响[J],管理世界,2002(9)：84-94
[62]黄季焜、胡瑞法、Scott Rozelle:中国农业科研投资：挑战与展望[M],中国财政经济出版社,2003：52-55
[63]黄季焜、李宁辉、陈春来,贸易自由化与中国农业：是挑战还是机遇[J],农业经济问题,1999(8)2-7
[64]黄季焜、徐志刚、李宁辉、Scott Rozelle:贸易自由化与中国的农业、贫困和公平[J],农业经济问题,2005(7)：9-16
[65]黄季焜：重新认识入世对中国农业的影响[J],产业经济学研究,2002(1)：34-39
[66]黄乐珊、孙泽昭、李红：增加农民收入与农业技术进步关系分析[J],甘肃经济,2007(9)：72-74
[67]黄祖辉、钱峰燕：技术进步对我国农民收入的影响及对策分析[J],中国农村经济,2003(12)：26-37
[68]蒋殿春：高级微观经济学[M],经济管理出版社,2000
[69]蒋海波、吴云凤：市场经济条件下的“剪刀差”探析,统计与决策[J],2003(10)
[70]蒋珠燕：加入WTO对中国农业的影响与对策[J],农业经济问题,1999(10)：48-51
[71]柯炳生：加入WTO与我国农业发展[J],中国农村经济,2002(1)：4-29
[72]赖盛中：关于中国加入WTO对农民收入影响的分析[J],柳州师专学报,2000(3)：70-73
[73]黎霆、谭砚文、汪晓银：农业生产资料价格变动影响因素的实证分析——对农业生产资料趁机涨价现象的验证与探讨[J],新疆农垦经济,2006(12)：14-27
[74]李汝平、任高岩：我国农产品贸易自由化的利弊与应对[J],国际经贸探索,2000(3)： 6-7
[75]李锐、李子奈：中国农业科研投资效率研究[J],管理科学学报,2007(8)：81-89
[76]李善同、翟凡、王直：加入世贸组织对中国及全球带来的影响,国务院发展研究中心项目报告
[77]李善同、翟凡、徐林：中国加入世界贸易组织对中国经济的影响——动态一般均衡分析[J],世界经济,2000(2)：3-14
[78]李石新、邹新月、郭新华：贸易自由化与中国农村贫困的减少[J],中国软科学,2005(10)：51-57
[79]厉以宁：全球化与中国经济[J],世界经济与政治,2000(6)：11-26
[80]林毅夫、蔡昉、李周：中国的奇迹：发展战略与经济改革[M],上海三联书店,1998
[81]林毅夫、胡书东：加入世界贸易组织：挑战与机遇[J],国际经济评论,2000(3)：5-9
[82]林毅夫：WTO、两岸经济发展和农业合作,2000年8月10日在福州举行的“两岸农业交流学术会议”发言稿
[83]林毅夫：制度、技术与中国农业发展[M],上海三联书店,1994
[84]刘艳：中国农业科研投资机制的偏差及矫正[J],现代财经,2004(3)：46-51
[85]卢锋：入世五年看农业,财经[J],2006(16)
[86]卢孔标：开放背景下国际因素对我国通货膨胀形成的影响[J],海南金融,2008(1)：26-29
[87]马晓河：WTO对中国农业生产和贸易意味什么[J],瞭望新闻周刊,1999(32)
[88]马晓河：加入WTO对我国农业的影响分析[J],中国财政,2001(12)：14-17
[89]毛学峰、刘晓昀：贸易自由化对贫困农户劳动力非农就业的影响[J],中国农村观察,2005(2)-45-50
[90]农村社区转型与发展干预研究课题组：农产品价格上涨对不同类型农户的影响[J],中国农村经济,2004(11)：66-72
[91]钱行：通货膨胀国际间传导对我国影响的实证检验[J],数量经济技术经济研究,2006(11)：113-123
[92]冉浩：农产品贸易自由化对我国农业的影响及对策[J],合肥工业大学学报(社会科学版),2002(2)：88-91
[93]舒尔茨：改造传统农业[M],北京商务印书馆,2000
[94]舒宁：工农产品剪刀差问题研究的进展,调研世界[J],1997(1)
[95]速水佑次郎、弗农·拉坦：农业发展的国际分析[M],中国社会科学出版社,2002
[96]速水佑次郎、神门山久：农业经济论[M],中国农业出版社,2001
[97]孙大光：直接收入补贴改革与我国农业国内支持政策[J],中国农业经济,2002(1)：21-29
[98]孙立坚、吴刚、李安心：国际贸易中价格传递的实证研究[J],世界经济文汇,2003(4)： 3-21
[99]谭向勇、李鹏、郑妍：加入世贸组织前后中国农产品生产及进出口变化情况的实证分析[J],中国农村经济,2006(5)：4-9
[100]谭仲池：全面放开农业生产资料价格并对农民实行农业生产资料直接补贴[J],中国物价,2006(5)
[101]田维明：入世后国内外农产品市场变化前景[J],中国农业资源与区划,2002(6)
[102]王静：外贸对城乡居民福利的影响分析[J],兰州商学院学报,2008(4)：25-30
[103]王益松.农业技术进步对生产者收入影响的理论分析[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2004(3)：75-78
[104]温铁军：WTO与中国的“三农”问题[J],中国农垦经济,2001(8)：13-16
[105]吴汉洪、封新建：次优理论在国际贸易政策中的应用[J],中国人民大学学报,2001(5)：46-51
[106]鲜祖德：农民收入与工农产品价格关系研究,中国农村观察[J],1995(3)
[107]肖国安：工农产品价格剪刀差实证分析及农产品补贴政策研究,经济学动态[J],2004(8)
[108]谢培秀：安徽工农产品交换的“剪刀状价格差”考,安徽史学[J],2003(1)
[109]谢玉平：从农产品保护程度和市场整合看入世对中国农业的影响[D],中国农业科学院农业经济研究所
[110]徐景峰：入世对中国农业的影响[J]，世界经济研究,2000(4)：10-14
[111]许旭：WTO框架下农民增收问题研究[D],湖南农业大学,2006
[112]杨云善：农民减负增收的剪刀差障碍及对策,生产力研究[J],2005(1)
[113]余珊萍：论开放经济下通货膨胀的国际传导[J],东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2002(5)：45-52
[114]俞培果、蒋葵：农业科技投入的价格效应和分配效应探析[J],中国农村经济,2006(7)：7-17
[115]袁木：实事求是深化改革扩大开放——关于增加农民收入问题的思考,调研世界[J],2001(11)
[116]张车伟、蔡昉：试论加入WTO对中国就业结构的影响[J],当代经济科学,2002(3)：14-19
[117]张东辉、司志宾：教育、技术进步与农村收入差距——基于中国农村统计数据的分析[J],经济评论,2007(5)：42-46
[118]张颢译、陈晓明：农业生产资料价格对农民收入增长的影响—基于动态VAR模型的解释[J],财贸研究,2006(6)：19-24
[119]张蕙杰：加入WTO对我国粮食主产区农民收入的影响[J],农业经济问题,2006(7)： 16-20
[120]张晓山、崔红志：入世对农业和农村经济的影响以及转变政府职能[J],理论视野,2002(4)
[121]赵海成：加入WTO对我国农业的负面影响及对策[J],东岳论丛,2003(1)：64-65
[122]赵景峰：加入WTO对我国就业的影响[J],当代亚太,2001(8)：31-47
[123]郑甘澎：世贸组织下贸易自由化与财政支持[J],国际贸易问题,2000(7)：12-15
[124]中国农业大学经济管理学院课题组：中国农产品贸易的选择[J],中国农村观察,1999(4)：1-22
[125]中国农业发展报告：中国农业出版社,2003
[126]钟甫宁、何军：增加农民收入的关键：扩大非农就业机会[J],农业经济问题,2007(1)：62-70
[127]钟甫宁：进攻还是防御?略论农业支持政府重点的战略选择,农业经济问题[J],2003(1)
[128]朱晶、洪伟：贸易开放对我国工农产品贸易条件及农民福利的影响[J],农业经济问题,2007(12)：9-14
[129]朱晶：公共投资优化配置的理论与方法—以农业科研公共投资的地区分配为例[J],南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2003(2)：50-54
[130]朱晶：贸易保护、市场准入与农产品竞争力[J],国际贸易问题,2004(2)：34-39
[131]朱晶：农业公共投资、竞争力和粮食安全[J],经济研究,2003(1)：13-20
[132]朱亮：中国农业科研投资的市场导向性分析[J],华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2006(2)：45-52
[133]朱启荣：试析我国对外贸易增长对国内居民消费物价指数(CPI)的影响[J],现代财经,2009(3)：46-51
[134]朱希刚：我国农业科技进步贡献率测算方法[M],中国农业出版社,1998
[135]庄天慧：加入WTO对四川农民增收的影响及对策[J]，农村经济,2004(2)：51-53
[2]Cater, C.A. and A. J. Etin. China's Trade integration and Impact on Factor Markets.Working paper. University of California Davis.2002(1)
[3]Chris R.Eggerman. Impact of Fuel Price Increases on Texas Crops[J] Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meetings.2006(2)
[4]Corbo, Vittorio, and McNelis, Paul D. The Pricing of Manufactured Goods during Trade Liberalization:Evidence from Chile,Israel, and Korea[J]The Review of Economics and Statistics.1989(3),91-99
[5]D.W. Holland. Output Change in U.S. Agriculture:An Input-output Analysis [J] Southern Agricultural Economics Association.1993(12)
[6]Daniel F. Spulber. Innovation and international trade in technology. Journal of Economic Theory.2008(138),1-20
[7]Diornbusch, R.The case for trade liberalization in developing countries.Journal of economic perspectives.1992 (1),69-85
[8]Dollar, David, and Art Kraay.Trade, Growth, and Poverty [Z].Policy Research Working Paper No.2615, the World Bank,2001(9)
[9]Fan Shenggen, Linxiu Zhang and Xiaobo Zhang. Growth, Inequality, and Poverty in Rural China:The Role of Public Investments. IFRRI Research Report. Forthcoming, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D.C.2001
[10]Feder, Gershon, Lawrence J.Lau, Justin Y.Lin, and Xiaopeng Luo. The Determinants of Farm Investment and Residential Construction in Post-reform China. Economic Development and Cultural Change.1992(41),1-26
[11]Findlay, Ronald, and Henry Kierzkowski.International Trade and Human Capital:A Simple General Equilibrium Model[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1983(9),957-978
[12]Francisco Galrao Carneiro. The Impacts of Trade on the Brazilian Labor Market:A CGE Model Approach World Development.2003 (9),1581-1595
[13]Gamber, E. and J. Hung, Has the rise in globalization reduced U.S. inflation in the 1990s?[J] Economic Inquiry.2001(39),58-73
[14]Huang Jikun, "Agricult ural Policy and Food Security", Working Paper, Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
[15]Huang Jikun, Scott Rozelle, and Mark Rosegrant. China's Food Economy to the 21 st Century: Supply. Demand and Trade. Economic Development and Cultural Change.1999(47)
[16]Huang, J., S. Rozelle and M. Rosegrant. "China's Food Economy to the 21st Century:Supply, Demand and Trade".Economic Development and Cultural Change.47.4(July),737-766
[17]Irwin, Douglas A., and Marko Tervio.Does Trade Raise Income? Evidence from the Twentieth Century[J].Journal of International Economics.2002(58),1-18
[18]Jikun Huang, Yang Jun Zhigang Xu, Scott Rozelle, Ninghui Li. Agricultural trade liberalization and poverty in China. China Economic Review.2007 (18),244-265
[19]Krueger,A.O. Trade and Employment in Developing Countries. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.1983
[20]Leroy Quanee and Luther Tweeten Simulating. the impact of input-price inflation on farm income [J]Southern Journal of Agricultural Eeonomics.1971(12)
[21]Lin.J.Y. Rural Forms and Agricultural Growth in China. American Economic Review. 2007(82),34-51
[22]M.Ghaffar Chaudhry. Recent Input-Output Price Policy in Pakistan, Agriculture:Effects on Producers and Consumers[J]The Pakistan Development Review.1995(1)
[23]Raul J. Crespo. Total Factor Productivity:An Unobserved Components Approach. Discussion Paper.2005
[24]SoLow Robert. A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics.1956(70),65-94
[25]Solow.R.M. Technical change and the Aggregate Production Function. The Review of Economics and Statistics.1957(39)
[26]Tang.A.M. An Analytical and Empirical Investigation of Agriculture in Mainland China.1952-1980. Washington. DC:University of Washington Press.1984
[27]Wen.J.G. Total Factor Productivity Change in China's Farming Sector:1952-1989. Economic Development and Cultural Change.1992(42),1-41
[28]William M Liefert. The Allocate Efficiency of Material Input Use in Russian Agriculture[J]Comparative Economic Studies.2005(47),214-223
[29]World Bank. At China's Table:Food Security Options. Washington, D.C:The World Bank. 1997
[30]World Bank. Globalization, Growth, and Poverty[Z].The World Bank, Washington DC.2002
[31]Xinshen Diao, Jbrn Rattsb and Hildegunn Ekroll Stokke. International spillovers. productivity growth and openness in Thailand. Journal of Development Economics.2005(76),429-450
[32]Yang. D, and H. Zhou. Rural-Urban Disparity and Sectoral Labour Allocation in China. Research Papers in Asian Pacific Studies. Duke University. Durham. North Carolina.1996
[33]蔡昉：农村剩余劳动力流动的制度性障碍分析[J],经济学动态,2005(1)35-39
[34]陈汉圣、吕涛：农业生产资料价格变动对农户的影响[J],中国农村观察,1997(2)：39-43
[35]陈随军：新阶段新挑战新发展——市场化国际化新世纪中国农业发展学术研讨会综述[J],中国农村经济,2000(7)：77-78
[36]陈艳、王雅鹏：农民家庭经营性纯收入影响因素的贡献分析[J],农业技术经济,2004(5)：66-72
[37]陈怡、王洪亮：关于贸易自由化影响发展中国家贫困的研究—理论与实证[J],经济问题探索,2008(12)：149-154
[38]程国强、中国农产品出口：增长、结构与贡献[J],管理世界,2004(11)：85-96
[39]程国强：WTO农业规则与中国发展[M],北京,中国经济出版社,2000(3)
[40]程国强：外国农产品会大举登陆吗[J],瞭望新闻周刊,1999(50)：10-13
[41]仇怡：中国工业制成品产业内贸易技术进步效应研究,科学学研究[J],2007(4)
[42]杜伟民：WTO与中国农民增收[J],林业经济,2002(10)：16-18
[43]范志勇、向弟海：汇率和国际市场价格冲击对国内价格波动的影响[J],金融研究,2006(2)
[44]方先明、裴平、张谊浩：外汇储备增加的通货膨胀效应和货币冲消政策的有效性[J],金融研究,2006(7)
[45]付江涛：农资价格波动与小麦收益关系的研究[D],南京农业大学,2007
[46]宫哲元：对外贸易对中国国内商品价格水平的影响分析[J],经济与管理,2005(9)：82-85
[47]龚秀国、邓菊秋：贸易自由化、国内商品价格与外国商品价格[J],世界经济,2001(11)：42-44
[48]管毅平：折断的需求曲线：传统与当代的理解,中国人民大学学报[J],2001(1)
[49]郭剑雄、王学真：开放条件下的我国农业技术进步,经济学家[J],2002(6)
[50]郭松、马玉敏：浅析农资价格走向对农民增收的影响[J],内蒙古统计,2007(3)
[51]郭占庆：“入世”对我国农民收入的影响及其对策[J],枣庄师范专科学校学报,2002(8)：43-46
[52]郭占庆：加入世界贸易组织对我国农民收入的影响及其对策[J],农业经济问题,2002(6)：30-33
[53]国家发展和改革委员会宏观经济研究院课题组：中国加入WTO后的就业问题[J],中国人口科学,2003(2：)1-9
[54]国家统计局：《中国农村贫困监测报告》[M],中国统计出版社,2001
[55]国务院发展研究中心课题组：加入WTO的十大结果[J],新华文摘,2000(1)
[56]韩仲伟：科技应用促进苏州农民增收研究[D],南京农业大学,2006
[57]胡海军、张卫东、向锦：贸易开放度与我国农村贫困的联系的实证研究[J],国际贸易问题,2007(8)：15-21
[58]胡文政：农民交易条件波动的影响与成因[J],农业经济问题,1994(7)：2-8
[59]胡迎春、余佶：从发展中国家的角度看农产品贸易自由化的主要问题——兼评菲律宾农业贸易自由化的负面影响,黑龙江对外经贸[J],2003(3)
[60]黄昌利：生产者价格与汇率和国外价格间关系的实证研究[J],国际金融研究,2008(8)：4-14
[61]黄季焜、Scott Rozelle、解玉平、张敏：从农产品价格保护程度和市场整合程度看入世对中国农业的影响[J],管理世界,2002(9)：84-94
[62]黄季焜、胡瑞法、Scott Rozelle:中国农业科研投资：挑战与展望[M],中国财政经济出版社,2003：52-55
[63]黄季焜、李宁辉、陈春来,贸易自由化与中国农业：是挑战还是机遇[J],农业经济问题,1999(8)2-7
[64]黄季焜、徐志刚、李宁辉、Scott Rozelle:贸易自由化与中国的农业、贫困和公平[J],农业经济问题,2005(7)：9-16
[65]黄季焜：重新认识入世对中国农业的影响[J],产业经济学研究,2002(1)：34-39
[66]黄乐珊、孙泽昭、李红：增加农民收入与农业技术进步关系分析[J],甘肃经济,2007(9)：72-74
[67]黄祖辉、钱峰燕：技术进步对我国农民收入的影响及对策分析[J],中国农村经济,2003(12)：26-37
[68]蒋殿春：高级微观经济学[M],经济管理出版社,2000
[69]蒋海波、吴云凤：市场经济条件下的“剪刀差”探析,统计与决策[J],2003(10)
[70]蒋珠燕：加入WTO对中国农业的影响与对策[J],农业经济问题,1999(10)：48-51
[71]柯炳生：加入WTO与我国农业发展[J],中国农村经济,2002(1)：4-29
[72]赖盛中：关于中国加入WTO对农民收入影响的分析[J],柳州师专学报,2000(3)：70-73
[73]黎霆、谭砚文、汪晓银：农业生产资料价格变动影响因素的实证分析——对农业生产资料趁机涨价现象的验证与探讨[J],新疆农垦经济,2006(12)：14-27
[74]李汝平、任高岩：我国农产品贸易自由化的利弊与应对[J],国际经贸探索,2000(3)： 6-7
[75]李锐、李子奈：中国农业科研投资效率研究[J],管理科学学报,2007(8)：81-89
[76]李善同、翟凡、王直：加入世贸组织对中国及全球带来的影响,国务院发展研究中心项目报告
[77]李善同、翟凡、徐林：中国加入世界贸易组织对中国经济的影响——动态一般均衡分析[J],世界经济,2000(2)：3-14
[78]李石新、邹新月、郭新华：贸易自由化与中国农村贫困的减少[J],中国软科学,2005(10)：51-57
[79]厉以宁：全球化与中国经济[J],世界经济与政治,2000(6)：11-26
[80]林毅夫、蔡昉、李周：中国的奇迹：发展战略与经济改革[M],上海三联书店,1998
[81]林毅夫、胡书东：加入世界贸易组织：挑战与机遇[J],国际经济评论,2000(3)：5-9
[82]林毅夫：WTO、两岸经济发展和农业合作,2000年8月10日在福州举行的“两岸农业交流学术会议”发言稿
[83]林毅夫：制度、技术与中国农业发展[M],上海三联书店,1994
[84]刘艳：中国农业科研投资机制的偏差及矫正[J],现代财经,2004(3)：46-51
[85]卢锋：入世五年看农业,财经[J],2006(16)
[86]卢孔标：开放背景下国际因素对我国通货膨胀形成的影响[J],海南金融,2008(1)：26-29
[87]马晓河：WTO对中国农业生产和贸易意味什么[J],瞭望新闻周刊,1999(32)
[88]马晓河：加入WTO对我国农业的影响分析[J],中国财政,2001(12)：14-17
[89]毛学峰、刘晓昀：贸易自由化对贫困农户劳动力非农就业的影响[J],中国农村观察,2005(2)-45-50
[90]农村社区转型与发展干预研究课题组：农产品价格上涨对不同类型农户的影响[J],中国农村经济,2004(11)：66-72
[91]钱行：通货膨胀国际间传导对我国影响的实证检验[J],数量经济技术经济研究,2006(11)：113-123
[92]冉浩：农产品贸易自由化对我国农业的影响及对策[J],合肥工业大学学报(社会科学版),2002(2)：88-91
[93]舒尔茨：改造传统农业[M],北京商务印书馆,2000
[94]舒宁：工农产品剪刀差问题研究的进展,调研世界[J],1997(1)
[95]速水佑次郎、弗农·拉坦：农业发展的国际分析[M],中国社会科学出版社,2002
[96]速水佑次郎、神门山久：农业经济论[M],中国农业出版社,2001
[97]孙大光：直接收入补贴改革与我国农业国内支持政策[J],中国农业经济,2002(1)：21-29
[98]孙立坚、吴刚、李安心：国际贸易中价格传递的实证研究[J],世界经济文汇,2003(4)： 3-21
[99]谭向勇、李鹏、郑妍：加入世贸组织前后中国农产品生产及进出口变化情况的实证分析[J],中国农村经济,2006(5)：4-9
[100]谭仲池：全面放开农业生产资料价格并对农民实行农业生产资料直接补贴[J],中国物价,2006(5)
[101]田维明：入世后国内外农产品市场变化前景[J],中国农业资源与区划,2002(6)
[102]王静：外贸对城乡居民福利的影响分析[J],兰州商学院学报,2008(4)：25-30
[103]王益松.农业技术进步对生产者收入影响的理论分析[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2004(3)：75-78
[104]温铁军：WTO与中国的“三农”问题[J],中国农垦经济,2001(8)：13-16
[105]吴汉洪、封新建：次优理论在国际贸易政策中的应用[J],中国人民大学学报,2001(5)：46-51
[106]鲜祖德：农民收入与工农产品价格关系研究,中国农村观察[J],1995(3)
[107]肖国安：工农产品价格剪刀差实证分析及农产品补贴政策研究,经济学动态[J],2004(8)
[108]谢培秀：安徽工农产品交换的“剪刀状价格差”考,安徽史学[J],2003(1)
[109]谢玉平：从农产品保护程度和市场整合看入世对中国农业的影响[D],中国农业科学院农业经济研究所
[110]徐景峰：入世对中国农业的影响[J]，世界经济研究,2000(4)：10-14
[111]许旭：WTO框架下农民增收问题研究[D],湖南农业大学,2006
[112]杨云善：农民减负增收的剪刀差障碍及对策,生产力研究[J],2005(1)
[113]余珊萍：论开放经济下通货膨胀的国际传导[J],东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2002(5)：45-52
[114]俞培果、蒋葵：农业科技投入的价格效应和分配效应探析[J],中国农村经济,2006(7)：7-17
[115]袁木：实事求是深化改革扩大开放——关于增加农民收入问题的思考,调研世界[J],2001(11)
[116]张车伟、蔡昉：试论加入WTO对中国就业结构的影响[J],当代经济科学,2002(3)：14-19
[117]张东辉、司志宾：教育、技术进步与农村收入差距——基于中国农村统计数据的分析[J],经济评论,2007(5)：42-46
[118]张颢译、陈晓明：农业生产资料价格对农民收入增长的影响—基于动态VAR模型的解释[J],财贸研究,2006(6)：19-24
[119]张蕙杰：加入WTO对我国粮食主产区农民收入的影响[J],农业经济问题,2006(7)： 16-20
[120]张晓山、崔红志：入世对农业和农村经济的影响以及转变政府职能[J],理论视野,2002(4)
[121]赵海成：加入WTO对我国农业的负面影响及对策[J],东岳论丛,2003(1)：64-65
[122]赵景峰：加入WTO对我国就业的影响[J],当代亚太,2001(8)：31-47
[123]郑甘澎：世贸组织下贸易自由化与财政支持[J],国际贸易问题,2000(7)：12-15
[124]中国农业大学经济管理学院课题组：中国农产品贸易的选择[J],中国农村观察,1999(4)：1-22
[125]中国农业发展报告：中国农业出版社,2003
[126]钟甫宁、何军：增加农民收入的关键：扩大非农就业机会[J],农业经济问题,2007(1)：62-70
[127]钟甫宁：进攻还是防御?略论农业支持政府重点的战略选择,农业经济问题[J],2003(1)
[128]朱晶、洪伟：贸易开放对我国工农产品贸易条件及农民福利的影响[J],农业经济问题,2007(12)：9-14
[129]朱晶：公共投资优化配置的理论与方法—以农业科研公共投资的地区分配为例[J],南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2003(2)：50-54
[130]朱晶：贸易保护、市场准入与农产品竞争力[J],国际贸易问题,2004(2)：34-39
[131]朱晶：农业公共投资、竞争力和粮食安全[J],经济研究,2003(1)：13-20
[132]朱亮：中国农业科研投资的市场导向性分析[J],华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2006(2)：45-52
[133]朱启荣：试析我国对外贸易增长对国内居民消费物价指数(CPI)的影响[J],现代财经,2009(3)：46-51
[134]朱希刚：我国农业科技进步贡献率测算方法[M],中国农业出版社,1998
[135]庄天慧：加入WTO对四川农民增收的影响及对策[J]，农村经济,2004(2)：51-53