湖北地区国家粮食储备库建筑节能研究
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摘要
1998年以来,国家投巨资在全国范围内建设国家粮食储备库,其中湖北地区新、扩建项目共61个,建设总仓容43.67亿斤,总投资11.7亿元。但这些粮库在随后的使用过程中出现保温、隔热性差,造成夏季仓内温度居高不下,增加降温设备的开启次数和运行时间等问题。2002年5月,国家计委、国家粮食局联合发文《国家储备粮库项目填平补齐方案技术要点》中,提出对已建粮库的保温隔热进行改造。
本文在对粮库各围护结构的传热机理进行全面细致分析的基础上,提出了各围护结构保温隔热性能的强化措施,重点对增设保温隔热层的屋面、外墙构造形式的夏季隔热进行了分析研究,论证了这些改造措施在湖北地区国家粮食储备库的适用性,这对指导湖北地区的粮库建筑节能工作具有较大的现实意义和实际应用价值。
湖北地区围护结构的传热特征表现夏季存在内、外表面日夜交替变化方向传热,以及在自然通风条件下对围护结构双向温度波作用。粮库围护结构在设计上除满足夏季白天具有良好的隔热性(衰减值较大、延迟时间长),还要求夜间散热快。因此,在粮库围护结构热工设计时,传热系数在满足条件情况下,热惰性指标D值越大越好。
本文提出了评价围护结构处于自然通风以及在空调等不同状态下的热工性能指标,计算出粮库在节能改造设计前后各围护结构的热阻、平均传热系数、建筑物耗冷量指标以及空调耗电量指标,这对粮库围护结构的热工性能研究具有非常重要的意义。
在对湖北大冶国家粮食储备库的热工测试结果表明:外保温屋面是湖北地区粮库首选的屋面构造形式,其热工设计时充分利用了“升温隔热”和“反射隔热”两个基本原理;内保温屋面在粮库节能改造上方便可行,也比较经济,特别是配合窗机调节仓温时效果更理想,该方法可以在湖北地区粮库节能改造中推广应用。
Enormous money has been put into nationwide construction of the National Grain Reserves since 1998. It embraces 61 new and extension projects in Hubei Province with the construction capacity 4,367,000,000 kilos and the total cost 1,170,000,000. However, the common problem as the poor quality of thermal insulation arises, especially the roofs. It results in the increasing cost of air conditioning because of the high temperatures in the storehouse during the summer. Consequently, a complete change must be made to the existing reserves concerning the problem of thermal insulation according to the claim of the National Planning Commission and the National Grain Reserves.Based on the detailed analysis of heat transfer process of protective layers, ways that heat insulation of various protective layers are strengthened in this paper. Enough attention is paid to the covering of thermal insulation layered materials and the insulation of the structure of exterior walls during the summer. It has significant and practical value of energy saving in Hubei areas through analyzing the applicability of such measures on the reserves.The typical characteristic of the protective layers is the alternate change of the heat transfer. That is , in summer heat is transferred from outside to inside of the building in the daytime and from inside to outside of the building at night. It is also the two-way radiation of the protective layers in natural ventilation. Therefore, the designed roofs should have sound solar controlled performance at daytime and diffuse heat fast at night. Therefore, considering the value of heat transfer of the protective layers, the bigger the inertial value, the better the roof.Parameters that can be used to value the thermal performance of building envelop in natural and air-conditioned condition is mentioned in this paper. The calculation of the heat resistance of the protective layers in the designing
of energy -saving, the average coefficient of heat transfer, parameters of the consumption of air conditioners are discussed in great details, which is vital for study on thermal performance of building protective layers.Tests on DaYe Grain Reserves shows that exterior heat insulation layer is the best one in Hubei province. The design of the layers should be based on the theory that the high outside roof surface temperature or reflected outside roof surface. Interior heat insulation layer is very convenient and economical in energy-saving and proves to be most effective when equipped with air conditioners. It can also be put into wider use in other regions in Hubei province.
本文在对粮库各围护结构的传热机理进行全面细致分析的基础上,提出了各围护结构保温隔热性能的强化措施,重点对增设保温隔热层的屋面、外墙构造形式的夏季隔热进行了分析研究,论证了这些改造措施在湖北地区国家粮食储备库的适用性,这对指导湖北地区的粮库建筑节能工作具有较大的现实意义和实际应用价值。
湖北地区围护结构的传热特征表现夏季存在内、外表面日夜交替变化方向传热,以及在自然通风条件下对围护结构双向温度波作用。粮库围护结构在设计上除满足夏季白天具有良好的隔热性(衰减值较大、延迟时间长),还要求夜间散热快。因此,在粮库围护结构热工设计时,传热系数在满足条件情况下,热惰性指标D值越大越好。
本文提出了评价围护结构处于自然通风以及在空调等不同状态下的热工性能指标,计算出粮库在节能改造设计前后各围护结构的热阻、平均传热系数、建筑物耗冷量指标以及空调耗电量指标,这对粮库围护结构的热工性能研究具有非常重要的意义。
在对湖北大冶国家粮食储备库的热工测试结果表明:外保温屋面是湖北地区粮库首选的屋面构造形式,其热工设计时充分利用了“升温隔热”和“反射隔热”两个基本原理;内保温屋面在粮库节能改造上方便可行,也比较经济,特别是配合窗机调节仓温时效果更理想,该方法可以在湖北地区粮库节能改造中推广应用。
Enormous money has been put into nationwide construction of the National Grain Reserves since 1998. It embraces 61 new and extension projects in Hubei Province with the construction capacity 4,367,000,000 kilos and the total cost 1,170,000,000. However, the common problem as the poor quality of thermal insulation arises, especially the roofs. It results in the increasing cost of air conditioning because of the high temperatures in the storehouse during the summer. Consequently, a complete change must be made to the existing reserves concerning the problem of thermal insulation according to the claim of the National Planning Commission and the National Grain Reserves.Based on the detailed analysis of heat transfer process of protective layers, ways that heat insulation of various protective layers are strengthened in this paper. Enough attention is paid to the covering of thermal insulation layered materials and the insulation of the structure of exterior walls during the summer. It has significant and practical value of energy saving in Hubei areas through analyzing the applicability of such measures on the reserves.The typical characteristic of the protective layers is the alternate change of the heat transfer. That is , in summer heat is transferred from outside to inside of the building in the daytime and from inside to outside of the building at night. It is also the two-way radiation of the protective layers in natural ventilation. Therefore, the designed roofs should have sound solar controlled performance at daytime and diffuse heat fast at night. Therefore, considering the value of heat transfer of the protective layers, the bigger the inertial value, the better the roof.Parameters that can be used to value the thermal performance of building envelop in natural and air-conditioned condition is mentioned in this paper. The calculation of the heat resistance of the protective layers in the designing
of energy -saving, the average coefficient of heat transfer, parameters of the consumption of air conditioners are discussed in great details, which is vital for study on thermal performance of building protective layers.Tests on DaYe Grain Reserves shows that exterior heat insulation layer is the best one in Hubei province. The design of the layers should be based on the theory that the high outside roof surface temperature or reflected outside roof surface. Interior heat insulation layer is very convenient and economical in energy-saving and proves to be most effective when equipped with air conditioners. It can also be put into wider use in other regions in Hubei province.
引文
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[01] ABBS建筑论(www.abbs.com.cn)
[02] 筑龙网(www.sinoaec.com)
[03] 中国建筑行业网(www.cc-build.com)
[04] 中国建设科技网(www.building.com.cn/)
[05] 中国节能网(www.ces.gov.cn/aboutme.asp)
[06] 中国粮食储藏科技网(www.grainstorage.net/default.asp)
[07] 粮食储藏网((www.zazhicom.com/cl)
[08] 美国建筑设计协会(AIBD)(http:/www.bdf2001.com/)
[02] 杨善勤.建筑节能.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[03] 建设部.夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准.北京:中国建筑工业出版社出版,2001。
[04] 柳孝图.建筑物理.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990。
[05] 李华东.高技术生态建筑.天津:天津大学出版社,2003.
[06] 周好名,张晓东等.生态建筑面向未来的建筑.南京:东南大学出版社,1999.
[07] 房志勇.建筑节能技术教程.北京:中国建材工业出版社,2000.
[08] 孟庆林.建筑表面被动蒸发冷却.广州:华南理工大学出版社,2000.
[09] 粮油储藏技术规范(试行).北京:商业部,1995
[10] 储粮新技术教程.北京:国家粮食储备局仓储司,2002.
[11] 粮食仓储管理规章制度.北京:国家粮食储备局仓储司,2002.
[12] 董宪军.生态城市论.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1996.
[13] 张鲁山.人·建筑·环境.上海:上海远东出版社,1997.
[14] 中国建筑工业出版社编辑部.现行材料规范大全.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[15] 陈启高.建筑热物理基础.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1999.
[16] 武汉市建设管理委员会.武汉市居住建筑节能设计技术规定.武汉.2000.
[17] 姜继圣、罗玉萍.新型建筑绝热、吸声材料.北京:化学工业出版社,2001.
[18] 粮食平房仓设计规范.GB50320-2001.
[19] 粮食仓库建设标准.建标[2001]58号.
[20] (苏)巴格斯罗夫著.建筑热物理学.单寄平译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社出版,1957.
[21] (日)山田雅士著.建筑绝热.景贵琴译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社出版,1979.
[1] 敖德学.用焓差计算空气渗透耗热量的探讨.国外建材科技,2001(3)
[2] 涂逢祥.21世纪初建筑节能展望.建筑节能,(33)
[3] 涂逢祥.夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准.建筑节能,(36)
[4] 姜航,胡海波.保温节能墙材空气间层设计对其热工性能的影响.墙体革新与建筑节能,2002(1)
[5] 倪虹.我国建筑节能与国外的差距及问题.墙体革新与建筑节能,2002(2).
[6] 陈启高.建筑节能与改善功能.重庆:重庆建筑大学学报,1999(4).
[7] 官一萍.浅谈夏热冬冷地区建筑节能措施.墙体革新与建筑节能,2002(8).
[8] 涂逢祥.积极推进建筑节能实施可持续发展战略.中国能源,1996(11).
[9] 涂逢祥,王美君.中国的气候与建筑节能.暖通空调,1996(4).
[10] 付祥钊,夏热冬冷地区建筑热环境与能耗状况调查.建筑节能,1998(3).
[11] 郎四维.我国居住建筑节能设计标准的现况与进展.建筑节能,(40).
[12] 麦哈德·冯·格康.建筑与持续发展-走向未来的建筑.世界建筑,2000(04).
[13] 可劳斯·丹尼尔斯.通过整体设计提高建筑适应性.世界建筑,2000(04).
[14] 丁力行.夏热冬冷地区建筑节能综和评价指标体系研究.建筑节能,(36).
[15] 韩德胜.英国建筑规范中的节能要求.建筑节能,(36).
[16] 李逢春.房式仓的准低温储粮.粮食储藏技术.1999(1).
[17] 张兴旺,冯有成.应用聚苯乙烯泡沫板粮面压盖隔热试验.粮油仓储科技通讯,2004(5).
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[01] ABBS建筑论(www.abbs.com.cn)
[02] 筑龙网(www.sinoaec.com)
[03] 中国建筑行业网(www.cc-build.com)
[04] 中国建设科技网(www.building.com.cn/)
[05] 中国节能网(www.ces.gov.cn/aboutme.asp)
[06] 中国粮食储藏科技网(www.grainstorage.net/default.asp)
[07] 粮食储藏网((www.zazhicom.com/cl)
[08] 美国建筑设计协会(AIBD)(http:/www.bdf2001.com/)
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