基于无线通信和无线供能的新型人工括约肌的研制
|
摘要
肛门失禁又称大便失禁,是由于某些器质性病变或支配肛门括约肌的神经作用失常,造成肛门括约肌不受意识控制而不能自主排便。虽然肛门失禁并不直接威胁生命,但对患者造成身体和精神上的双重痛苦,同时也给患者的家庭及社会带来很大负担。对于肛门直肠周围神经肌性损伤者、顽固性肛门失禁患者,目前国内外所采用的治疗方法往往达不到满意的治疗效果。这也是目前肛肠外科临床工作者面临的共同问题。
为了从根本上解决因直肠癌及其他原因导致肛门失禁患者的排便控制问题,针对现有造口手术或人工肛门括约肌存在的不足和缺陷,我们提出研制一种“基于无线通信和无线供能的新型人工括约肌”,模拟正常的人体肛门括约肌的工作机理,提高人造肛门的人性化程度,消除现有造口手术给患者带来的生理、心理等方面的严重影响。本研究利用人工膀胱颈部括约肌的设计构思及正常内括约肌反射生理原理,采用泵式钳夹作用、信号反馈、患者自主开放等方法,帮助患者控制排便。
整个人工肛门括约肌控制系统集成以下模块:信息传感模块、无线通信模块、无线供能模块、报警提示模块、便捷控制模块和执行机构。信息传感模块对患者的肠道压力进行采样,系统在对采样值进行处理后,通过无线通信模块传送到体外。在安置有泵式括约肌部位肠管以上的肠道压力超过了预先设定的阈值时,启动报警电路,提示患者进行排便。患者可以通过便捷控制按钮手动控制执行机构,开放人工泵式括约肌,进行排便。而无线供能模块包括体外能量发射模块和体内能量接收模块两部分,无线供能需满足体内无线通信模块、信息传感模块和执行机构的供电需求,供电平稳。
在模拟实验中,该人工括约肌装置能够有效地控制模拟大肠末端开/放,基本达到了预期的效果。当然,基于无线通信和无线供能的新型人工括约肌是生物医学工程与临床医学紧密结合的产物,为了将来能真正应用到临床中,今后还需要进一步进行动物实验和临床分析。我们坚信,该项技术必将是治疗排便功能障碍的一种有效的新途径,尤其是对于顽固性无残剩神经肌肉条件的肛门失禁患者,不啻是一种福音。
本文详细介绍了该系统的总体设计方案、各模块设计及系统实现,并给出了实验样机和实验结果。最后,在论文的结尾对整个系统进行了分析总结,并展望了下一步的研究方向,以解决目前系统以及将来临床应用中可能遇到的问题。
Fecal incontinence is a common disease in intestines and anus surgery, featured by defecation disability and caused by pathological changes. Fecal incontinence does not only bring both body and mental sufferings to patients, but also causes a lot of social burden. There are still no efficient treatment methods for the patients with fecal incontinence, and it is also a difficult problem for doctors and researchers of anus surgery.
In order to help those patients with defection control problem thoroughly, enlightened by the artificial urethra sphincter, we decided to develop a new anal sphincter based on wireless communication and wireless power supply to simulate the operation mechanism of normal anus sphincter and eliminate the serious physiological and mental infection caused by existing anus surgery. The system integrates the following modules: information sensor module, wireless communication module, notice module, control module, execution unit and wireless power supply module. The sensor module measures the pressure of large intestine, and then the system transmits the processed data out of body via wireless communication module. The notice module starts and reminds patients to defecate as soon as the pressure exceeds the threshold. Patients can press control buttons to open the sphincter and defecate. The wireless power supply module includes two parts, the external power transmission part and the internal power receive part. The wireless power supply module fulfills the power requirement of internal wireless communication module, information sensor module and execution unit.
During simulated animal experimentation, the whole system could realize the function of human anal sphincter and reach our expectation. The new anal sphincter, based on wireless communication and wireless power supply, is the combination for biomedicine and clinic medicine. Therefore, this artificial anus system needs more animal experiment and clinic analysis in the near future. We believe that the new anal sphincter is a brand-new way to treat fecal incontinence, and it is especially an evangel for patients suffered from fecal incontinence of neuromuscular origin.
This thesis introduces the design of the new anal sphincter system, including the whole structure, modules design and system realization. It also gives out prototype machine and experimental result. The assumption of improvement and direction of further research is also carried out at the end of this thesis.
为了从根本上解决因直肠癌及其他原因导致肛门失禁患者的排便控制问题,针对现有造口手术或人工肛门括约肌存在的不足和缺陷,我们提出研制一种“基于无线通信和无线供能的新型人工括约肌”,模拟正常的人体肛门括约肌的工作机理,提高人造肛门的人性化程度,消除现有造口手术给患者带来的生理、心理等方面的严重影响。本研究利用人工膀胱颈部括约肌的设计构思及正常内括约肌反射生理原理,采用泵式钳夹作用、信号反馈、患者自主开放等方法,帮助患者控制排便。
整个人工肛门括约肌控制系统集成以下模块:信息传感模块、无线通信模块、无线供能模块、报警提示模块、便捷控制模块和执行机构。信息传感模块对患者的肠道压力进行采样,系统在对采样值进行处理后,通过无线通信模块传送到体外。在安置有泵式括约肌部位肠管以上的肠道压力超过了预先设定的阈值时,启动报警电路,提示患者进行排便。患者可以通过便捷控制按钮手动控制执行机构,开放人工泵式括约肌,进行排便。而无线供能模块包括体外能量发射模块和体内能量接收模块两部分,无线供能需满足体内无线通信模块、信息传感模块和执行机构的供电需求,供电平稳。
在模拟实验中,该人工括约肌装置能够有效地控制模拟大肠末端开/放,基本达到了预期的效果。当然,基于无线通信和无线供能的新型人工括约肌是生物医学工程与临床医学紧密结合的产物,为了将来能真正应用到临床中,今后还需要进一步进行动物实验和临床分析。我们坚信,该项技术必将是治疗排便功能障碍的一种有效的新途径,尤其是对于顽固性无残剩神经肌肉条件的肛门失禁患者,不啻是一种福音。
本文详细介绍了该系统的总体设计方案、各模块设计及系统实现,并给出了实验样机和实验结果。最后,在论文的结尾对整个系统进行了分析总结,并展望了下一步的研究方向,以解决目前系统以及将来临床应用中可能遇到的问题。
Fecal incontinence is a common disease in intestines and anus surgery, featured by defecation disability and caused by pathological changes. Fecal incontinence does not only bring both body and mental sufferings to patients, but also causes a lot of social burden. There are still no efficient treatment methods for the patients with fecal incontinence, and it is also a difficult problem for doctors and researchers of anus surgery.
In order to help those patients with defection control problem thoroughly, enlightened by the artificial urethra sphincter, we decided to develop a new anal sphincter based on wireless communication and wireless power supply to simulate the operation mechanism of normal anus sphincter and eliminate the serious physiological and mental infection caused by existing anus surgery. The system integrates the following modules: information sensor module, wireless communication module, notice module, control module, execution unit and wireless power supply module. The sensor module measures the pressure of large intestine, and then the system transmits the processed data out of body via wireless communication module. The notice module starts and reminds patients to defecate as soon as the pressure exceeds the threshold. Patients can press control buttons to open the sphincter and defecate. The wireless power supply module includes two parts, the external power transmission part and the internal power receive part. The wireless power supply module fulfills the power requirement of internal wireless communication module, information sensor module and execution unit.
During simulated animal experimentation, the whole system could realize the function of human anal sphincter and reach our expectation. The new anal sphincter, based on wireless communication and wireless power supply, is the combination for biomedicine and clinic medicine. Therefore, this artificial anus system needs more animal experiment and clinic analysis in the near future. We believe that the new anal sphincter is a brand-new way to treat fecal incontinence, and it is especially an evangel for patients suffered from fecal incontinence of neuromuscular origin.
This thesis introduces the design of the new anal sphincter system, including the whole structure, modules design and system realization. It also gives out prototype machine and experimental result. The assumption of improvement and direction of further research is also carried out at the end of this thesis.
引文
[1] 卢杰,杨暘，肛门失禁的护理综述，中国社区医师(综合版),No.18, 2005
[2] 李炎冬,徐加鹤,肛门失禁的评估与治疗,结直肠肛门外科,Vol.12, No.4, 2006
[3] 刘连杰,喻德洪,肛门失禁的诊断与治疗,中华普通外科杂志,Vol.15, No.11, Nov. 2000
[4] Ong Nt, Beasley SW. Comparison of clinical methods for the assessment of continence after repair of high anorectal anomalies. Pediatr Surg Int. 1990, 5:233
[5] Hassink EAM. Quality of lige after operatively corrected high anorectal malformation: A long follow-up study of patients aged 18 years and older. J Pediatr Surg. 1994, 29:733
[6] Ninan GK, Puri P. Levatorplastry using a posterior sagittal approach in secondary fecal incontinence. Pediatr Surg Int. 1994, 9:17
[7] Ong Nt, Beasley SW. Comparison of clinical methods for the assessment of continence after repair of high anorectal anomalies. Pediatr Surg Int. 1990, 5:233
[8] Hassink EAM. Quality of lige after operatively corrected high anorectal malformation: A long follow-up study of patients aged 18 years and older. J Pediatr Surg. 1994, 29:733
[9] Ninan GK, Puri P. Levatorplastry using a posterior sagittal approach in secondary fecal incontinence. Pediatr Surg Int. 1994, 9:17
[10] http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003983.htm
[11] Yasuyuki Kakubari, Fumihiro Sato, Hidetoshi Matsuki, Temperature Control of SMA Artificial Anal Sphincter, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 39, No. 5, Sep. 2003
[12] Yasuyuki Kakubari, Fumihiro Sato, Hidetoshi Matsuki, Thermosensitive Transformer as Temperature and Output Power Control Device, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 41, No. 10, Oct. 2005
[13] 贠青琳,颜德田,韦红雨,姜萍萍,基于 MSP430 的生物反馈式括约肌的研制,《北京生物医学工程》, Vol. 23, No. 1, Mar. 2004
[14] 施诚仁,吴晔明,潘伟华等,生物反馈式人工泵式肛门括约肌装置(专利),公开号:CN2448319Y
[15] Scott FB, Bradley WE, Timms GM, Treatment of urinary incontinence by implantable prosthetic sphincter. Urology 1973, 1:252-9
[16] Leo ME, Barrett DM. Success of the narrow baked cuff design of the AMS800 artificial bowel sphincter: analysis of 144 patients. J Urol 1993, 150:1412-14
[17] Christiansen J, Lorentzen M. Implantation of artificial sphincter for anal incontinence. Lancet 1987, 1: 244-44
[18] Lehur PA, Michot F, Denis P, et al. Results of artificial sphincter in server anal incontinence: report of 14 consecutive implantations. Dis Colon Rectum, 1996, 39: 1352-55
[19] Wong WD, Jensen LL, Bartolo DCC, et al. Artificial sphincter. Dis Colon Rectum 1996, 39:1345-51
[20] Christiansen J, Lonentzen M. Implantation of artificial sphincter for anal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 1989, 32:432-36
[21] Baeten C, Geerdes B, Adang E, et al. Anal dynamic graciloplasty in the treatment ofintractable fecal incontinence. N Engl J Med 1995, 332:1600-5
[22] 王永侃,颜得田,基于 MSP430 的生物反馈式人造肛门括约肌的系统设计,《中国医疗器械杂志》, Vol. 29, No. 6, 2005
[23] 施诚仁 吴晔明 金凌宇等,新型人工泵式肛门括约肌研制与其排便作用观察,《中华小儿外科杂志》,Vol. 22, No. 5, Sep. 2001
[24] 张大幕,杨桂美,徐丽,体外磁场驱动人造括约肌(专利),申请号:CN00129618
[25] 樊东力,石含英,医用硅胶在创面、瘢痕增生挛缩防治中的应用及其进展,《中国临床康复》,Vol.32, 2003
[26] MAXIM. MAX4684-MAX4685.pdf 0.5Ω/0.8ΩLow-Voltage, Dual SPDT Analog Switches in UCSP. Rev 3 2003.2
[27] 汤恒, 唐世洪, 压阻式力敏硅传感器的结构剖析, 《电子质量》,No. 7, 2005
[28] 朱目成,夏季, 张立红,刘强,硅压阻式传感器性能影响因素的研究,《兵工自动化》,No.2, 2000
[29] SILICON MICROSTRUCTURES INC. SM5102.pdf OEM Silicon Pressure Die. Rev 1.2 2002.8
[30] MAXIM. MAX4460-MAX4462.pdf SOT23, 3V/5V, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Instrumentation Amplifiers Rev 4 2006.3
[31] 潘琢金. C8051F330/1 混合信号 ISP FLASH 微控制器数据手册. Rev1.0 2003.4
[32] CYGNAL 应用笔记《AN015 软件 UART 示例》,www.xhl.com.cn
[33] CYGNAL 应用笔记《AN015 软件 UART 示例》,www.xhl.com.cn
[34] INTEGRATION. IA4420/21 Universal ISM Band FSK Transceivers. Rev 1.0 1104
[35] INTEGRATION. Wireless Products Software Development Suite. Version 1.3.1
[36] 唐明祥,郑会利,平面双频单极天线研究,《电子科技》,No. 3, 2005
[37] 宋朝晖,邱景辉,张胜辉,陈卓卓,射频识别设备便携式检测仪的设计,《哈尔滨理工大学学报》,No. 2, 2003
[38] 孔静萍,郝毅,赵雪岩,软件无线电的射频天线,《电子技术应用》,No. 6, 2001
[39] Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Tetsuji Eguchi, Katsuya Hirachi,Yasushi Maejima, K o u j i K uwana and Masao Saito, A Large Air Gap Flat Transformer for A Transcutaneous Energy Transmission System, IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference 2, pp. 1323-1329 1994
[40] L. Zhao, C. F. Foo, K. J. Tseng, A New Structure Transcutaneous Transformer for Artificial Heart System, IEEP. Transactions on Magnetics, Vol 35. NO 5, Sep. 1999
[41] Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Tetsuji Eguchi, Akira Kubota, Mitsutoshi Hatori, Masao Saito, A Non Invasive Rechargeable Cardiac Pacemaker Battery System with a Transcutaneous Energy Transformer, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vol. 20, No 1,1998
[42] Takeshi Inoue, Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Masao Saito, Mutsuo Nakaoka, A Transcutaneous Energy Transmission System for an Artificial Organs by using a Novel Resonant Converter, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 7 (2), pp. 261-269, 1992
[43] BURR-BROWN. OPA541.pdf High Power Monolithic OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
[44] MAXIM. MAX748A-MAX763A.pdf 3.3V, Step-Down,Current-Mode PWM DC-DC Converters, Rev 0 1993.9
[45] MAXIM. MAX1675.pdf High-Efficiency, Low-Supply-Current,Compact, Step-Up DC-DC Converters, Rev 0 1998.7
[46] 潘园园,颜国正,黄标,基于 IA4420 微型双向射频通信系统,《测控技术》,No 5,2006
[47] 刘文吉,李健,孙运强,基于射频收发芯片 NRF2401 的近距离射频研究,《自动化与仪表》,No 1,2006
[48] 李俊,朱根才,射频仿真系统中多机系统的实时通信,《南京航空航天大学学报》,No 2,1999
[49] Hiraga Y, Hirai J, Kawmura A. Decentralized Control of Machines with the Use of Inductive Transmission of Power and Signal. Proc. of IEEE IAS Annu Meeting, 1994:875-881
[50] Hirai Junji. Study on Intelligent Battery Changing using Inductive Transmission of Power and Information. IEEE Trans. on PE.2000,15(2):335-345,0885-8993
[51] Klontz K W, Divan D M. Contactless power delivery system for mining application. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 1995,31(1):27-35
[52] 赵春宇, 经皮能量、信息传输系统的研究, 上海交通大学博士学位论文,1999.12
[53] 苏黎,王向展,一种高效率低谐波失真 E 类射频功率放大器的设计,《国外电子测量技术》,No 3,2006
[54] 眭聿文,E 类调谐功率放大器的功率合成,《河北科技大学学报》,No 1,2005
[55] 严维桪,片上系统(SOC)——个人电子产品的航标,《上海信息化》,No 3,2006
[56] 张亚军,郭大琪,便携式电子产品电路的封装趋势,《电子与封装》,No 6,2004
[57] 鲜飞,微电子封装技术的发展趋势,《信息技术与标准化》,No 6,2004
[58] 王丽英,高度集成:挡不住的发展趋势,《今日电子》,No 1,2006
[59] 舒 晶, 基于无线通信的生物反馈式括约肌的研制, 上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2004.2
[60] 莫旭梅,王卓宇,周凌宏,数字化 X 线机的数据存储与通讯技术研究,《医疗卫生装备》,No 3,2005
[2] 李炎冬,徐加鹤,肛门失禁的评估与治疗,结直肠肛门外科,Vol.12, No.4, 2006
[3] 刘连杰,喻德洪,肛门失禁的诊断与治疗,中华普通外科杂志,Vol.15, No.11, Nov. 2000
[4] Ong Nt, Beasley SW. Comparison of clinical methods for the assessment of continence after repair of high anorectal anomalies. Pediatr Surg Int. 1990, 5:233
[5] Hassink EAM. Quality of lige after operatively corrected high anorectal malformation: A long follow-up study of patients aged 18 years and older. J Pediatr Surg. 1994, 29:733
[6] Ninan GK, Puri P. Levatorplastry using a posterior sagittal approach in secondary fecal incontinence. Pediatr Surg Int. 1994, 9:17
[7] Ong Nt, Beasley SW. Comparison of clinical methods for the assessment of continence after repair of high anorectal anomalies. Pediatr Surg Int. 1990, 5:233
[8] Hassink EAM. Quality of lige after operatively corrected high anorectal malformation: A long follow-up study of patients aged 18 years and older. J Pediatr Surg. 1994, 29:733
[9] Ninan GK, Puri P. Levatorplastry using a posterior sagittal approach in secondary fecal incontinence. Pediatr Surg Int. 1994, 9:17
[10] http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003983.htm
[11] Yasuyuki Kakubari, Fumihiro Sato, Hidetoshi Matsuki, Temperature Control of SMA Artificial Anal Sphincter, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 39, No. 5, Sep. 2003
[12] Yasuyuki Kakubari, Fumihiro Sato, Hidetoshi Matsuki, Thermosensitive Transformer as Temperature and Output Power Control Device, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 41, No. 10, Oct. 2005
[13] 贠青琳,颜德田,韦红雨,姜萍萍,基于 MSP430 的生物反馈式括约肌的研制,《北京生物医学工程》, Vol. 23, No. 1, Mar. 2004
[14] 施诚仁,吴晔明,潘伟华等,生物反馈式人工泵式肛门括约肌装置(专利),公开号:CN2448319Y
[15] Scott FB, Bradley WE, Timms GM, Treatment of urinary incontinence by implantable prosthetic sphincter. Urology 1973, 1:252-9
[16] Leo ME, Barrett DM. Success of the narrow baked cuff design of the AMS800 artificial bowel sphincter: analysis of 144 patients. J Urol 1993, 150:1412-14
[17] Christiansen J, Lorentzen M. Implantation of artificial sphincter for anal incontinence. Lancet 1987, 1: 244-44
[18] Lehur PA, Michot F, Denis P, et al. Results of artificial sphincter in server anal incontinence: report of 14 consecutive implantations. Dis Colon Rectum, 1996, 39: 1352-55
[19] Wong WD, Jensen LL, Bartolo DCC, et al. Artificial sphincter. Dis Colon Rectum 1996, 39:1345-51
[20] Christiansen J, Lonentzen M. Implantation of artificial sphincter for anal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 1989, 32:432-36
[21] Baeten C, Geerdes B, Adang E, et al. Anal dynamic graciloplasty in the treatment ofintractable fecal incontinence. N Engl J Med 1995, 332:1600-5
[22] 王永侃,颜得田,基于 MSP430 的生物反馈式人造肛门括约肌的系统设计,《中国医疗器械杂志》, Vol. 29, No. 6, 2005
[23] 施诚仁 吴晔明 金凌宇等,新型人工泵式肛门括约肌研制与其排便作用观察,《中华小儿外科杂志》,Vol. 22, No. 5, Sep. 2001
[24] 张大幕,杨桂美,徐丽,体外磁场驱动人造括约肌(专利),申请号:CN00129618
[25] 樊东力,石含英,医用硅胶在创面、瘢痕增生挛缩防治中的应用及其进展,《中国临床康复》,Vol.32, 2003
[26] MAXIM. MAX4684-MAX4685.pdf 0.5Ω/0.8ΩLow-Voltage, Dual SPDT Analog Switches in UCSP. Rev 3 2003.2
[27] 汤恒, 唐世洪, 压阻式力敏硅传感器的结构剖析, 《电子质量》,No. 7, 2005
[28] 朱目成,夏季, 张立红,刘强,硅压阻式传感器性能影响因素的研究,《兵工自动化》,No.2, 2000
[29] SILICON MICROSTRUCTURES INC. SM5102.pdf OEM Silicon Pressure Die. Rev 1.2 2002.8
[30] MAXIM. MAX4460-MAX4462.pdf SOT23, 3V/5V, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Instrumentation Amplifiers Rev 4 2006.3
[31] 潘琢金. C8051F330/1 混合信号 ISP FLASH 微控制器数据手册. Rev1.0 2003.4
[32] CYGNAL 应用笔记《AN015 软件 UART 示例》,www.xhl.com.cn
[33] CYGNAL 应用笔记《AN015 软件 UART 示例》,www.xhl.com.cn
[34] INTEGRATION. IA4420/21 Universal ISM Band FSK Transceivers. Rev 1.0 1104
[35] INTEGRATION. Wireless Products Software Development Suite. Version 1.3.1
[36] 唐明祥,郑会利,平面双频单极天线研究,《电子科技》,No. 3, 2005
[37] 宋朝晖,邱景辉,张胜辉,陈卓卓,射频识别设备便携式检测仪的设计,《哈尔滨理工大学学报》,No. 2, 2003
[38] 孔静萍,郝毅,赵雪岩,软件无线电的射频天线,《电子技术应用》,No. 6, 2001
[39] Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Tetsuji Eguchi, Katsuya Hirachi,Yasushi Maejima, K o u j i K uwana and Masao Saito, A Large Air Gap Flat Transformer for A Transcutaneous Energy Transmission System, IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference 2, pp. 1323-1329 1994
[40] L. Zhao, C. F. Foo, K. J. Tseng, A New Structure Transcutaneous Transformer for Artificial Heart System, IEEP. Transactions on Magnetics, Vol 35. NO 5, Sep. 1999
[41] Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Tetsuji Eguchi, Akira Kubota, Mitsutoshi Hatori, Masao Saito, A Non Invasive Rechargeable Cardiac Pacemaker Battery System with a Transcutaneous Energy Transformer, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vol. 20, No 1,1998
[42] Takeshi Inoue, Toshi Hiro Nishimura, Masao Saito, Mutsuo Nakaoka, A Transcutaneous Energy Transmission System for an Artificial Organs by using a Novel Resonant Converter, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 7 (2), pp. 261-269, 1992
[43] BURR-BROWN. OPA541.pdf High Power Monolithic OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
[44] MAXIM. MAX748A-MAX763A.pdf 3.3V, Step-Down,Current-Mode PWM DC-DC Converters, Rev 0 1993.9
[45] MAXIM. MAX1675.pdf High-Efficiency, Low-Supply-Current,Compact, Step-Up DC-DC Converters, Rev 0 1998.7
[46] 潘园园,颜国正,黄标,基于 IA4420 微型双向射频通信系统,《测控技术》,No 5,2006
[47] 刘文吉,李健,孙运强,基于射频收发芯片 NRF2401 的近距离射频研究,《自动化与仪表》,No 1,2006
[48] 李俊,朱根才,射频仿真系统中多机系统的实时通信,《南京航空航天大学学报》,No 2,1999
[49] Hiraga Y, Hirai J, Kawmura A. Decentralized Control of Machines with the Use of Inductive Transmission of Power and Signal. Proc. of IEEE IAS Annu Meeting, 1994:875-881
[50] Hirai Junji. Study on Intelligent Battery Changing using Inductive Transmission of Power and Information. IEEE Trans. on PE.2000,15(2):335-345,0885-8993
[51] Klontz K W, Divan D M. Contactless power delivery system for mining application. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 1995,31(1):27-35
[52] 赵春宇, 经皮能量、信息传输系统的研究, 上海交通大学博士学位论文,1999.12
[53] 苏黎,王向展,一种高效率低谐波失真 E 类射频功率放大器的设计,《国外电子测量技术》,No 3,2006
[54] 眭聿文,E 类调谐功率放大器的功率合成,《河北科技大学学报》,No 1,2005
[55] 严维桪,片上系统(SOC)——个人电子产品的航标,《上海信息化》,No 3,2006
[56] 张亚军,郭大琪,便携式电子产品电路的封装趋势,《电子与封装》,No 6,2004
[57] 鲜飞,微电子封装技术的发展趋势,《信息技术与标准化》,No 6,2004
[58] 王丽英,高度集成:挡不住的发展趋势,《今日电子》,No 1,2006
[59] 舒 晶, 基于无线通信的生物反馈式括约肌的研制, 上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2004.2
[60] 莫旭梅,王卓宇,周凌宏,数字化 X 线机的数据存储与通讯技术研究,《医疗卫生装备》,No 3,2005
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |