抑郁症患者的移情结构与家庭动力特征的关系
摘要
抑郁症是一种常见的精神疾病,其复发率较高,显著影响患者及家属的生活质量和心理社会功能,往往抑郁症状得到缓解后,仍会残留社会功能缺损,而这正是疾病复发的常见应激源。近来已逐渐认识到抑郁症的发生,发展及转归与社会心理因素尤其家庭机能密切相关。
本研究在我国独特的文化背景下,在国内外移情研究的基础上,通过访谈、文献分析、问卷调查等方法初步编制了抑郁症患者移情问卷,提出并验证了移情的四维度结构模型。本文采用t检验和方差分析的方法揭示了抑郁症患者的移情特征,探索了抑郁症患者的家庭动力特征,并对移情各维度与家庭动力特征的关系进行了相关分析与回归分析,探讨了抑郁症患者的移情各维度对家庭动力特征的预测作用。本研究的主要结论如下:
第一、我国抑郁症患者的移情是一个多维变量,它包括认知关注、认知敏感、情感关注、情感敏感四个维度,并且具有良好的信、效度。
第二、我国抑郁症患者的抑郁分数与移情能力呈显著负相关,即抑郁程度越重其移情能力越低。抑郁症患者的移情在某些人口统计学变量(如学历、病程、父母文化等)上存在显著差异。在学历上文化程度高的抑郁症患者的移情水平显著高于大专以下文化程度的患者;在病程上,患病一年以下的抑郁症患者的移情显著高于患抑郁症一年以上的患者;父亲文化在大专以上的抑郁症患者在情感敏感和认知敏感上显著高于父亲文化在大专以下的抑郁症患者。
第三、抑郁症患者的抑郁分数与家庭动力特征的家庭气氛、个性化、系统逻辑三个维度呈显著正相关。家庭气氛比较沉闷,个性分化程度较低,较少使用“既…又…”思维逻辑,家庭成员对疾病过程的自我责任趋向于认为是“完全的受害者”。
第四、抑郁症患者的移情与家庭动力特征存在显著相关,抑郁症患者的移情能力的不同维度对其家庭动力特征具有相对的重要价值。
Depression is a common psychiatric disease with significant impairments in quality of life and psychosocial function.Efficacy in relieving the core symptoms of depression does not necessarily guarantee efficacy in relieving impaired social function.Recent studies suggest depression is associated with family dynamics.
On the basis of Chinese culture background and foreign studies of empathy,using literature analysis,interview method,open questionnaire and questionnaire survey,we proposed the questionnaire of empathy of depression.We developed a four-component construction of empathy.We used the independent sample T test and one-way analysis of variance to analyze the differences of demographic variables in the dimensions of empathy among different depression.We adopted correlation analysis and regression analysis to explore the relationship between the empathy and family dynamics.And we also discussed if the empathy had significant influence on family dynamics.The study reaches conclusions as follows:
Firstly,organizing the empathy questionnaire includes fourteen items, and the structure of it is composed of four dimensions:cognitive- concern, cognitive-sensitivity,emotional-concern and emotional-sensitivity.This questionnaire has good reliability and validity.
Secondly,depressive score of depression is extremely correlated with empathy.Empathy of depression is different significantly in some demographic variable(such as in educational level,disease course, educational level of parents).
Third,depressive score of depression is extremely correlated with family dynamics.The families with depression patients have comparative dull,dreary atmosphere,lower individuation and using less "Both…and…" system's logic.
Fourth,empathy of depression is extremely correlated with family dynamics.Different dimensions of empathy of depression have relative significance to family dynamics.
本研究在我国独特的文化背景下,在国内外移情研究的基础上,通过访谈、文献分析、问卷调查等方法初步编制了抑郁症患者移情问卷,提出并验证了移情的四维度结构模型。本文采用t检验和方差分析的方法揭示了抑郁症患者的移情特征,探索了抑郁症患者的家庭动力特征,并对移情各维度与家庭动力特征的关系进行了相关分析与回归分析,探讨了抑郁症患者的移情各维度对家庭动力特征的预测作用。本研究的主要结论如下:
第一、我国抑郁症患者的移情是一个多维变量,它包括认知关注、认知敏感、情感关注、情感敏感四个维度,并且具有良好的信、效度。
第二、我国抑郁症患者的抑郁分数与移情能力呈显著负相关,即抑郁程度越重其移情能力越低。抑郁症患者的移情在某些人口统计学变量(如学历、病程、父母文化等)上存在显著差异。在学历上文化程度高的抑郁症患者的移情水平显著高于大专以下文化程度的患者;在病程上,患病一年以下的抑郁症患者的移情显著高于患抑郁症一年以上的患者;父亲文化在大专以上的抑郁症患者在情感敏感和认知敏感上显著高于父亲文化在大专以下的抑郁症患者。
第三、抑郁症患者的抑郁分数与家庭动力特征的家庭气氛、个性化、系统逻辑三个维度呈显著正相关。家庭气氛比较沉闷,个性分化程度较低,较少使用“既…又…”思维逻辑,家庭成员对疾病过程的自我责任趋向于认为是“完全的受害者”。
第四、抑郁症患者的移情与家庭动力特征存在显著相关,抑郁症患者的移情能力的不同维度对其家庭动力特征具有相对的重要价值。
Depression is a common psychiatric disease with significant impairments in quality of life and psychosocial function.Efficacy in relieving the core symptoms of depression does not necessarily guarantee efficacy in relieving impaired social function.Recent studies suggest depression is associated with family dynamics.
On the basis of Chinese culture background and foreign studies of empathy,using literature analysis,interview method,open questionnaire and questionnaire survey,we proposed the questionnaire of empathy of depression.We developed a four-component construction of empathy.We used the independent sample T test and one-way analysis of variance to analyze the differences of demographic variables in the dimensions of empathy among different depression.We adopted correlation analysis and regression analysis to explore the relationship between the empathy and family dynamics.And we also discussed if the empathy had significant influence on family dynamics.The study reaches conclusions as follows:
Firstly,organizing the empathy questionnaire includes fourteen items, and the structure of it is composed of four dimensions:cognitive- concern, cognitive-sensitivity,emotional-concern and emotional-sensitivity.This questionnaire has good reliability and validity.
Secondly,depressive score of depression is extremely correlated with empathy.Empathy of depression is different significantly in some demographic variable(such as in educational level,disease course, educational level of parents).
Third,depressive score of depression is extremely correlated with family dynamics.The families with depression patients have comparative dull,dreary atmosphere,lower individuation and using less "Both…and…" system's logic.
Fourth,empathy of depression is extremely correlated with family dynamics.Different dimensions of empathy of depression have relative significance to family dynamics.
引文
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[18]范淑莹.运用心理学移情原理消除师生的情感障碍[J].广东工业大学学报(社会科学版),2002(2):68-71.
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[29]吕嘉春.生活质量的流行病学应用[J].国外医学·社会医学分册,1998,15(4):151
[30]费立鹏,沈其杰,郑延平,等.“家庭亲密度和适应性量表”和“家庭环境量表”的初步评价[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1991,5(5):198-202
[31]袁勇贵.焦虑和抑郁障碍共病的研究现状[J].中国临床康复,2002,6(17):2518-9
[32]袁勇贵,吴爱琴,张心保,等.焦虑和抑郁障碍共病的生活事件、社会支持和家庭功能研 究[J].中国行为医学科学杂志,2002,11(3):187-8
[33]王力.抑郁症和神经症患者人格和家庭功能缺陷的特征[J].中国临床康复,2004,8(36):8160-1
[34]刘枫,何炜杰,张秀花.家庭功能状况对抑郁情绪的心理影响[J].中国校医,2003,17(5):432-433
[35]张吉营.对精神分裂症患者的家庭动力学研究.昆明医学院硕士学位论文,2003.
[36]谢小华,胡利君,何永成,等.腹膜透析患者家庭社会支持与抑郁关系的研究[J].中国实用护理杂志,2004,20(12):3-5.
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[2]苏虹,王保金,陈卉鸣等.中学生抑郁、焦虑情绪的流行特征及相关因素分析[J].中国行为医学科学,2002,11(20):196-8
[3]淘沙,李伟.抑郁倾向大学生社会支持结构及其满意度的研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(1):39-41
[4]蔡焯基,汤宜朗,马辛.抑郁症-基础与临床[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2001:253-71
[5]郭克峰,郭珊,杨文清等.影响抑郁性神经症患者心理康复的因素[J].中国临床康复,2003,7(27):3704-5
[6]胡金生.儿童同情心的结构及发展特点研究.辽宁师范大学博士学位论文,2004。
[7]郭瑞媛.移情的测量指标.心理发展与教育,1991(2):30-32。
[8]周念丽.中小学生移情量表编制研究.心理科学,2001(5):610-611。
[9]李辽.青少年的移情与亲社会行为的关系.心理学报,1990(1):72-77。
[10]余宏波,刘桂珍.移情、道德推理、观点采择与亲社会行为关系的研究进展.心理发展与教育,2006(1):113-116。
[11]彭秀芳.大学生的移情结构及其与积极人格、亲社会行为的关系研究.首都师范大学硕士学位论文,2006。
[12]何安明.大学生移情能力与利他行为的相关研究.黑龙江高教研究,2007(2):154-156。
[13]王景英,盖笑松.小学生对不同类型情感的移情水平发展的研究.心理发展与教育,1998(3):19-22。
[14]常宇秋、岑国祯.6-10岁儿童道德移情特点的研究.心理科学,2003(2):219~223。
[15]周先保,张美英.门诊医疗防范中的技巧[J].医药产业资讯,2006,11(3):82.
[16]吕勤,左艳艳.共情与饭店服务人员服务质量的关系[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2006,1:79-84.
[17]张玉芳,李继平.共情--良好护患关系的切入点[J].国外医学:护理学分册,2004,23(10):435-438.
[18]范淑莹.运用心理学移情原理消除师生的情感障碍[J].广东工业大学学报(社会科学版),2002(2):68-71.
[19]杨兴鹏.加强儿童移情训练,促进儿童亲社会行为发展[J].黄石教育学院学报,2006(1):69.
[20]丹尼尔·平克著.全新思维[M].林娜,译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2006:164-183.
[21]杨黎,苏爱华,孙霞.移情在护患沟通中的应用.护理研究,2006,20(1):95-96
[22]周文辉,刘熙远.销售人员移情与销售绩效关系研究.现代管理科学,2007,12:92-93
[23]吴宁.公安院校心理学教学中培养学生移情能力的探索.南通航运职业技术学院学报,2007,2(6):120-122
[24]李凌江,杨德森,郝伟等.医学领域生活质量研究的几个问题[J].中国临床心理学杂志,1995,3(1):59-62
[25]康传媛,赵旭东,许秀峰,等.系统家庭动力学问卷的初编及信效度分析.中国心理卫生杂志,2001,15(2):92-95
[26]汪向东等.主编心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版).北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999.134-149
[27]杨建中,康传媛,赵旭东,等.系统家庭动力学自评量表的编制及应用.昆明医学院硕士研究生论文,加00
[28]方晓义,徐洁,孙莉,等,家庭功能:理论、影响因素及其与青少年社会适应的关系[J].心理科学进展2004,12(4):544-553
[29]吕嘉春.生活质量的流行病学应用[J].国外医学·社会医学分册,1998,15(4):151
[30]费立鹏,沈其杰,郑延平,等.“家庭亲密度和适应性量表”和“家庭环境量表”的初步评价[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1991,5(5):198-202
[31]袁勇贵.焦虑和抑郁障碍共病的研究现状[J].中国临床康复,2002,6(17):2518-9
[32]袁勇贵,吴爱琴,张心保,等.焦虑和抑郁障碍共病的生活事件、社会支持和家庭功能研 究[J].中国行为医学科学杂志,2002,11(3):187-8
[33]王力.抑郁症和神经症患者人格和家庭功能缺陷的特征[J].中国临床康复,2004,8(36):8160-1
[34]刘枫,何炜杰,张秀花.家庭功能状况对抑郁情绪的心理影响[J].中国校医,2003,17(5):432-433
[35]张吉营.对精神分裂症患者的家庭动力学研究.昆明医学院硕士学位论文,2003.
[36]谢小华,胡利君,何永成,等.腹膜透析患者家庭社会支持与抑郁关系的研究[J].中国实用护理杂志,2004,20(12):3-5.
[37]Segin C.Social skills deficits associated with depression.Clin Psychol Rev 2000:20(3):379-403
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