基于计算机视觉技术的纬编针织物三维仿真研究
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摘要
纬编针织物的结构研究是纬编针织物三维仿真的基础，良好的线圈模型是准确把握纬编针织物结构技术的关键。计算机视觉技术在针织工业中的应用，大大提高了纬编针织物三维仿真的研究进程。由于针织物线圈结构复杂，尤其是在体现织物外观方面，缺乏真实感和立体感，因此如何体现这一效果成为研究的重点。所以，进一步研究纬编针织物线圈结构模型及体现出织物三维效果具有十分重要的意义。
本文从纬编针织物结构非线性特征分析入手，利用电镜对织物进行组织研究，运用非均匀有理B样条建立结构可控的纬编针织物线圈模型，在单个纬编针织物模型的基础上，分析了基本组织结构的数学建模方法。同时，利用图像处理等计算机视觉技术，实现了纬编针织物三维仿真，取得了良好的研究成果。利用最小二乘法，对实验中提取出的亮度值进行拟合，拟合出一条表征亮度值的亮度函数。论文研究的主要内容和研究成果如下：
(1)论文从纬编针织物结构非线性特征分析着手，首次采用实物在电镜下所观察的图片，综合考虑纱线力学和针织工艺参数对线圈结构的影响，建立单个纬编针织物线圈模型，这为研究纬编针织物结构建模提供了良好的理论依据。
(2)利用非均匀有理B样条曲线建立形态可控的纬编针织物线圈结构模型，该模型能较好的反映出实际组织结构，并利用数学方法，分析纬编针织物基本组织的构造方式。采用OpenGL三维图形显示的方法，加入光照和纹理，可以明显的体现线圈结构之间的嵌套关系，达到了三维立体的效果，使得纬编针织物线圈结构模型具有真实感。
(3)研究纬编针织物的亮度分布函数，其难点在于纬编针织物由于其线圈结构和组织结构的不同嵌套关系，形成的织物在外观上存在着差异，拟合出不同纬编针织物的亮度分布函数就成为模拟仿真研究中急需解决的问题。本文通过摄取单个纬编针织物基本结构上五个不同点的亮度值，并对提取的亮度值用最小二乘法进行曲线拟合，用拟合得到的亮度函数来表征纬编针织物在不同位置的光感程度。利用此方法，就可以得到线圈模型上每一点处的亮度情况，构建三维矩阵信息，为研究线圈真实感方面取得了积极进展。
本课题在纬编针织物线圈结构建模理论和计算机三维仿真方面作了一些有益的尝试，建立的模型符合实际纱线结构。在真实感体现上面，采用了光照和纹理因素，并利用最小二乘法，拟合出亮度函数，为纬编针织物三维仿真奠定了良好的基础。
The study of the structure is the basic of the3D of the weft knitted fabric and the favourablecoil model is key of how to grasp weft knitted fabric structure accurately.The application ofcomputer vision technology in knitting industry greatly enhances the research process of the3Dsimulation to the weft knitted fabric.Because the knitted fabric structure is complicatedespecially in reflecting fabric appearance, and lack of sense of reality and stereo feeling, so howto reflect this effect become the focus of research, so, to further research of weft knitted fabricstructure model and reflect3D effect of the coil has the very vital significance.
With the beginning of analysis nonlinear characteristics of the weft knitted fabric structure,using electron microscopy to study the fabric organization, and the use of non-uniform rationalb-spline build structure of weft knitted fabric with controllable coils model, in a single weftknitted fabric based on the model, this paper analyzes the basic organization structuremathematic modeling method. At the same time, using image processing of computer visiontechnology to realize the3D simulation of the weft knitted fabric,has obtained the good research.By the least square method, using the brightness values which extracted in the experiment tofitting out a characterization brightness values brightness function. The main content of theresearch papers and research results are as follows:
(1)With the beginning of analysis nonlinear characteristics of the weft knitted fabricstructure, firstly using the pictures which of the actual weft knitted fabric under electronmicroscopy,this paper comprehensive consider of the yarn mechanics and knitting processparameters on the effect of coil structure, set up a single weft knitted fabric coil model.Thisprovides a good theory to research the weft knitted fabric for structure modeling.
(2)Using the non-uniform rational b-spline curve set up the weft knitted fabric shapecontrollable coils structure model, this model can better reflect the actual organization structure,and by using mathematical method, analyzes weft knitted fabric basic organization form ofconstruction.Employ the display method of OpenGL3D graphics,we join the light and thetexture.It can be evident seen the nested relationship between the coil structure, reached theeffect of3D, and make the coil structure model of the weft knitted fabric become more authentic.
(3)Research weft knitted fabric made of brightness distribution function, the difficulty liesin that there are different of nested relationship in the coil structure and organization structure ofthe weft knitted fabric, so there are difference in appearance.It is very importent to fitting out different weft knitted fabric made of brightness distribution function,and will become asimulation study problems needed to resolve. This paper by taking a single weft knitted fabricstructure on a few different points of brightness values, and the brightness of the value for theextraction using the least square method in curve fitting, with fitting to characterize thebrightness of the function get weft knitted fabric in different locations of the light sensor degree.By using this method, we can get the brightness of every point on the coil model, build athree-dimensional matrix information and it has made positive progress reality for research coil.
This topic made some beneficial attempt in the theory research about the structure modelingof weft knitted fabric and coil computer3D simulation and the model with the actual yarnstructure. In order to reflect the reality, adopting the light and the texture factors, and using leastsquare method, fitting out the brightness function, this had laid a good foundation for weftknitted fabric3D simulation.
本文从纬编针织物结构非线性特征分析入手，利用电镜对织物进行组织研究，运用非均匀有理B样条建立结构可控的纬编针织物线圈模型，在单个纬编针织物模型的基础上，分析了基本组织结构的数学建模方法。同时，利用图像处理等计算机视觉技术，实现了纬编针织物三维仿真，取得了良好的研究成果。利用最小二乘法，对实验中提取出的亮度值进行拟合，拟合出一条表征亮度值的亮度函数。论文研究的主要内容和研究成果如下：
(1)论文从纬编针织物结构非线性特征分析着手，首次采用实物在电镜下所观察的图片，综合考虑纱线力学和针织工艺参数对线圈结构的影响，建立单个纬编针织物线圈模型，这为研究纬编针织物结构建模提供了良好的理论依据。
(2)利用非均匀有理B样条曲线建立形态可控的纬编针织物线圈结构模型，该模型能较好的反映出实际组织结构，并利用数学方法，分析纬编针织物基本组织的构造方式。采用OpenGL三维图形显示的方法，加入光照和纹理，可以明显的体现线圈结构之间的嵌套关系，达到了三维立体的效果，使得纬编针织物线圈结构模型具有真实感。
(3)研究纬编针织物的亮度分布函数，其难点在于纬编针织物由于其线圈结构和组织结构的不同嵌套关系，形成的织物在外观上存在着差异，拟合出不同纬编针织物的亮度分布函数就成为模拟仿真研究中急需解决的问题。本文通过摄取单个纬编针织物基本结构上五个不同点的亮度值，并对提取的亮度值用最小二乘法进行曲线拟合，用拟合得到的亮度函数来表征纬编针织物在不同位置的光感程度。利用此方法，就可以得到线圈模型上每一点处的亮度情况，构建三维矩阵信息，为研究线圈真实感方面取得了积极进展。
本课题在纬编针织物线圈结构建模理论和计算机三维仿真方面作了一些有益的尝试，建立的模型符合实际纱线结构。在真实感体现上面，采用了光照和纹理因素，并利用最小二乘法，拟合出亮度函数，为纬编针织物三维仿真奠定了良好的基础。
The study of the structure is the basic of the3D of the weft knitted fabric and the favourablecoil model is key of how to grasp weft knitted fabric structure accurately.The application ofcomputer vision technology in knitting industry greatly enhances the research process of the3Dsimulation to the weft knitted fabric.Because the knitted fabric structure is complicatedespecially in reflecting fabric appearance, and lack of sense of reality and stereo feeling, so howto reflect this effect become the focus of research, so, to further research of weft knitted fabricstructure model and reflect3D effect of the coil has the very vital significance.
With the beginning of analysis nonlinear characteristics of the weft knitted fabric structure,using electron microscopy to study the fabric organization, and the use of non-uniform rationalb-spline build structure of weft knitted fabric with controllable coils model, in a single weftknitted fabric based on the model, this paper analyzes the basic organization structuremathematic modeling method. At the same time, using image processing of computer visiontechnology to realize the3D simulation of the weft knitted fabric,has obtained the good research.By the least square method, using the brightness values which extracted in the experiment tofitting out a characterization brightness values brightness function. The main content of theresearch papers and research results are as follows:
(1)With the beginning of analysis nonlinear characteristics of the weft knitted fabricstructure, firstly using the pictures which of the actual weft knitted fabric under electronmicroscopy,this paper comprehensive consider of the yarn mechanics and knitting processparameters on the effect of coil structure, set up a single weft knitted fabric coil model.Thisprovides a good theory to research the weft knitted fabric for structure modeling.
(2)Using the non-uniform rational b-spline curve set up the weft knitted fabric shapecontrollable coils structure model, this model can better reflect the actual organization structure,and by using mathematical method, analyzes weft knitted fabric basic organization form ofconstruction.Employ the display method of OpenGL3D graphics,we join the light and thetexture.It can be evident seen the nested relationship between the coil structure, reached theeffect of3D, and make the coil structure model of the weft knitted fabric become more authentic.
(3)Research weft knitted fabric made of brightness distribution function, the difficulty liesin that there are different of nested relationship in the coil structure and organization structure ofthe weft knitted fabric, so there are difference in appearance.It is very importent to fitting out different weft knitted fabric made of brightness distribution function,and will become asimulation study problems needed to resolve. This paper by taking a single weft knitted fabricstructure on a few different points of brightness values, and the brightness of the value for theextraction using the least square method in curve fitting, with fitting to characterize thebrightness of the function get weft knitted fabric in different locations of the light sensor degree.By using this method, we can get the brightness of every point on the coil model, build athree-dimensional matrix information and it has made positive progress reality for research coil.
This topic made some beneficial attempt in the theory research about the structure modelingof weft knitted fabric and coil computer3D simulation and the model with the actual yarnstructure. In order to reflect the reality, adopting the light and the texture factors, and using leastsquare method, fitting out the brightness function, this had laid a good foundation for weftknitted fabric3D simulation.
引文
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