不同业务的双边市场平台博弈研究
|
摘要
互联网信息服务业日益成为大国博弈的重要领域。中国的互联网信息服务业21世纪以来取得了重要的发展,规模已经居于全球首位。但是中国的互联网信息服务业还存在着“产业结构低端化导致利润微薄”、“产品和服务模仿较多自主创新较少”、和“产业生态脆弱”等问题。近年来,除了继续强调技术创新外,从产业经济理论角度对其进行研究,寻求提升产业竞争力的途径,也引起了学界和产业界的重视。其中网络经济理论、注意力经济理论和双边市场理论是比较有代表性的理论。
其中双边市场理论是21世纪才逐渐发展起来的一套理论,该理论研究的是一种包括一个居中平台和两个交叉补贴市场的市场结构。双边市场理论解释了信用卡市场、房屋中介市场和互联网信息服务市场中“免费服务”存在的机制,已经成为产业经济学研究的又一热点。在双边市场理论中,平台博弈是研究的重点之一,现有的平台博弈文献集中于研究“相同业务的双边市场平台博弈”,但是现实中还存在着“不同业务的双边市场平台博弈”,国内外文献对其研究还不多见。不同业务的双边市场平台博弈的机制是什么?哪些因素对其影响最大?这种博弈对产业界有何意义?都是需要深入探究的问题。
本文聚焦于不同业务的双边市场平台博弈,在logistic增长曲线的基础上,通过建立微分博弈模型并利用Matlab软件进行数字模拟,对其博弈机制、影响参数进行分析,找出了对长期博弈均衡影响最大的参数。随后,通过案例研究对博弈分析结果加以验证,得到以下结论：(一)不同业务的双边市场平台博弈在现实中广泛存在,其博弈机制实质上是注意力竞争。因此可以将本文建立的两个模型：“新平台分流模型”和“大平台入侵模型”合称为“注意力替代模型”。(二)通过对注意力替代模型中不同参数的模拟,发现影响其长期博弈结果的主要因素有三个,一是新业务的潜在规模、二是交叉网络外部性、三是大平台的入侵时机。
在此基础上,本文对不同业务的双边市场平台博弈模型的研究结果进行了理论拓展,将研究结果应用到“注意力经济理论”的深化之中,建议从双边市场的新视角对注意力经济进行研究。注意力替代模型解释了不同注意力之间竞争的可能性和影响这种竞争的关键因素,综合这些因素,通过借鉴产业经济学中规模经济和范围经济的概念,本文提出了注意力规模经济、注意力范围经济、注意力市场规模和注意力市场份额四个概念,并提出了对注意力市场规模和注意力市场份额量化研究的一个构想。
更进一步,本文对不同业务双边市场平台博弈模型的实际应用进行了分析,以互联网信息服务业为例,探讨了该理论对中国互联网信息服务业强化核心竞争力,提升产业层次的指导意义。首先,指出互联网产业由于具有注意力规模经济和注意力范围经济的特征,赢家通吃的概率高于传统产业。产业中往往只有数一数二的企业能够生存,而且利润通常集中在第一大企业手中。其次,指出对于互联网信息服务业中的企业,出于争夺注意力市场份额的需要,不同业务的相互入侵已经不仅仅是扩大收入的手段,而且是注意力经济条件下企业生存的必然选择。根据本文博弈模型研究的相关结论,互联网企业要获得行业领导地位并长久保持领先,需要依次考虑以下三个因素,一是选择潜在用户规模大,用户在线时间长的业务；二是在新业务发展初期要致力于扩大规模,并率先达到业务成熟期；三是利用双边市场获得收入现金流。
为提升中国互联网信息服务业的产业层次,加强核心竞争力,可以提出以下政策建议：中国政府应该从四个方面加强对互联网信息服务业的支持,第一是选择“潜在注意力规模”较大的产业进行培育；第二是利用“中国是全球最大新兴市场”这个有利条件；第三是对于国内龙头企业重点关照,慎用反垄断措施；第四是鼓励中国龙头企业走向世界。通过这些措施,促进互联网信息服务业成为中国经济的有力推手。
The two-sided markets theory developed in the21st century.This theory researches a certain market structure involved a middle platform and two cross subsidizing agents. The two-sided markets theory has successfully explained the mechanism of freeconomics in the creadit card market,in the real estate market,and in the internet market.And it has been one of the most interesting sectors of Industrial Organization. Platform competition is an important content of the two-sided markets theory. Existing literature focus on the platform competition involving the same business.Research on platform competition involving different kinds of business is seldom.And the platforms running different kind of business competition counts in real. It is important to solve these problems:what is the mechanism of platform competition involving different kinds of business? Which parameters play an important role on this competition?
In this article we have developed a differential game model based on logistic growth curve to study platforms competition involving different kinds of business in two-sided markets. Then we use Matlab to simulate mumerical solutions to find out key parameters engaged with the long term balance. We have employed case study to test the model and have drawn two conclusions:(1) Platforms running different kinds of business competition counts in real. Attention substitution plays an important role in this competition. These models are called attention substitution models and can be divided into two kinds:new platform substitution and big platform invasion.(2)We have found three key parameters that have been connected with the long term balance, potential scale,cross network externality,and the timing of entry.
These models and exsiting two-sided market theories set up a new perspective of attention economy. In most cases attention economy is based on two-sided market structure.And the attention could be converted into cash in two-sided markets. The possibilities and key parameters concerned about the different kinds of attention competition have been illustrated in this article. We have brought two new concepts base on these parameters:attention economy of scale, attention economy of scope. We have developed a way to calculate the attention scale and the market share of attention.
In further,we have studied evidence from the internet industry and found that winner has taken all in this area.The enterprise has been ranked first earn most profit. In order to keeping the attention market shares companies in the internet industry they should consider three factors:(1)selecting business with big potential scale to enter (2)reaching maturity stage as soon as possible (3)achieving cash flow balance by two-sided markets.
其中双边市场理论是21世纪才逐渐发展起来的一套理论,该理论研究的是一种包括一个居中平台和两个交叉补贴市场的市场结构。双边市场理论解释了信用卡市场、房屋中介市场和互联网信息服务市场中“免费服务”存在的机制,已经成为产业经济学研究的又一热点。在双边市场理论中,平台博弈是研究的重点之一,现有的平台博弈文献集中于研究“相同业务的双边市场平台博弈”,但是现实中还存在着“不同业务的双边市场平台博弈”,国内外文献对其研究还不多见。不同业务的双边市场平台博弈的机制是什么?哪些因素对其影响最大?这种博弈对产业界有何意义?都是需要深入探究的问题。
本文聚焦于不同业务的双边市场平台博弈,在logistic增长曲线的基础上,通过建立微分博弈模型并利用Matlab软件进行数字模拟,对其博弈机制、影响参数进行分析,找出了对长期博弈均衡影响最大的参数。随后,通过案例研究对博弈分析结果加以验证,得到以下结论：(一)不同业务的双边市场平台博弈在现实中广泛存在,其博弈机制实质上是注意力竞争。因此可以将本文建立的两个模型：“新平台分流模型”和“大平台入侵模型”合称为“注意力替代模型”。(二)通过对注意力替代模型中不同参数的模拟,发现影响其长期博弈结果的主要因素有三个,一是新业务的潜在规模、二是交叉网络外部性、三是大平台的入侵时机。
在此基础上,本文对不同业务的双边市场平台博弈模型的研究结果进行了理论拓展,将研究结果应用到“注意力经济理论”的深化之中,建议从双边市场的新视角对注意力经济进行研究。注意力替代模型解释了不同注意力之间竞争的可能性和影响这种竞争的关键因素,综合这些因素,通过借鉴产业经济学中规模经济和范围经济的概念,本文提出了注意力规模经济、注意力范围经济、注意力市场规模和注意力市场份额四个概念,并提出了对注意力市场规模和注意力市场份额量化研究的一个构想。
更进一步,本文对不同业务双边市场平台博弈模型的实际应用进行了分析,以互联网信息服务业为例,探讨了该理论对中国互联网信息服务业强化核心竞争力,提升产业层次的指导意义。首先,指出互联网产业由于具有注意力规模经济和注意力范围经济的特征,赢家通吃的概率高于传统产业。产业中往往只有数一数二的企业能够生存,而且利润通常集中在第一大企业手中。其次,指出对于互联网信息服务业中的企业,出于争夺注意力市场份额的需要,不同业务的相互入侵已经不仅仅是扩大收入的手段,而且是注意力经济条件下企业生存的必然选择。根据本文博弈模型研究的相关结论,互联网企业要获得行业领导地位并长久保持领先,需要依次考虑以下三个因素,一是选择潜在用户规模大,用户在线时间长的业务；二是在新业务发展初期要致力于扩大规模,并率先达到业务成熟期；三是利用双边市场获得收入现金流。
为提升中国互联网信息服务业的产业层次,加强核心竞争力,可以提出以下政策建议：中国政府应该从四个方面加强对互联网信息服务业的支持,第一是选择“潜在注意力规模”较大的产业进行培育；第二是利用“中国是全球最大新兴市场”这个有利条件；第三是对于国内龙头企业重点关照,慎用反垄断措施；第四是鼓励中国龙头企业走向世界。通过这些措施,促进互联网信息服务业成为中国经济的有力推手。
The two-sided markets theory developed in the21st century.This theory researches a certain market structure involved a middle platform and two cross subsidizing agents. The two-sided markets theory has successfully explained the mechanism of freeconomics in the creadit card market,in the real estate market,and in the internet market.And it has been one of the most interesting sectors of Industrial Organization. Platform competition is an important content of the two-sided markets theory. Existing literature focus on the platform competition involving the same business.Research on platform competition involving different kinds of business is seldom.And the platforms running different kind of business competition counts in real. It is important to solve these problems:what is the mechanism of platform competition involving different kinds of business? Which parameters play an important role on this competition?
In this article we have developed a differential game model based on logistic growth curve to study platforms competition involving different kinds of business in two-sided markets. Then we use Matlab to simulate mumerical solutions to find out key parameters engaged with the long term balance. We have employed case study to test the model and have drawn two conclusions:(1) Platforms running different kinds of business competition counts in real. Attention substitution plays an important role in this competition. These models are called attention substitution models and can be divided into two kinds:new platform substitution and big platform invasion.(2)We have found three key parameters that have been connected with the long term balance, potential scale,cross network externality,and the timing of entry.
These models and exsiting two-sided market theories set up a new perspective of attention economy. In most cases attention economy is based on two-sided market structure.And the attention could be converted into cash in two-sided markets. The possibilities and key parameters concerned about the different kinds of attention competition have been illustrated in this article. We have brought two new concepts base on these parameters:attention economy of scale, attention economy of scope. We have developed a way to calculate the attention scale and the market share of attention.
In further,we have studied evidence from the internet industry and found that winner has taken all in this area.The enterprise has been ranked first earn most profit. In order to keeping the attention market shares companies in the internet industry they should consider three factors:(1)selecting business with big potential scale to enter (2)reaching maturity stage as soon as possible (3)achieving cash flow balance by two-sided markets.
引文
① Windows是微软公司的个人电脑操作系统,Mac Os是苹果公司的个人电脑操作系统
② Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole, Platform Competition in Two-sided Markets[J] Journal of the European Economic Association,Volume 1, Issue 4, pages 990-1029, June 2003
③ Armstrong,M., Competition in Two-sided Markets[J]. The RAND Journal of Economics,2006.
④ Evans, David S., The Antitrust Economics of Multi-Sided Platform Markets[J]. Yale Journal on Regulation vol.20, no.2 (2003):325-381.
① 吴军.浪潮之巅[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2011(8),pp.226
① Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole, Platform Competition in Two-sided Markets[J] Journal of the European Economic Association,Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2003,pp.990-1029.
② Jean Charles Rochet & Jean, Tirole. Defining Two-Sided Markets[J]. Preliminary.2004(1).
③ Reisinger M. Two-sided markets with negative externalities[J].University of Munich 2004,pp.478
① Wright J, Kaiser U. Price structure in two-sided markets:evidence from the magazine industry[J].International Journal If Industrial Organization.2006,24(1):1-28.
② Armstrong,M., Competition in Two-sided Markets[J]. The RAND Journal of Economics,2006.
③ 李泉.双边市场价格理论及其产业应用研究：以软件产业为例[D].上海：上海交通大学(博士学位论文)
① Linux操作系统是一种开放源码的操作系统,用户可以免费使用,诞生于1991年。于Windows不同,支持该系统的不是某家公司,而是许多在其改进过程中投入了大量时间的开发人员,主要通过基于Web的论坛和邮件列表来提供技术支持。
② 弗里茨.马克卢普(Fritz Machlup)著.孙耀君译：《美国的知识生产与分配》[M].中国人民大学出版社,2007-2007-10-1(ISBN：9787300085661)
③ M.U. Porat. The Information Economy:Definition and Measurement[M]. Washington, D.C. USA.1977
④ 美国的产业分类体系是国际上最有影响力的产业分类体系之一。从20世纪30年代末到1997年,美国所发布的经济调查数据一直是以预算管理办公室开发和维护的标准产业分类体系(Standard Industrial Classification,简称SIC)作为产业分类的标准。
⑤ 。了适应产业发展和国际可比性的需要,1997年4月9日,美国预算管理办公室宣布将用新的北美产业分类体系(North American Industry ClassificationSystem,简称NAICS)取代1987年版的标准产业分类体系--标准87版SIG。2002年1月1日起,美国采用2002年版NAICS,为经济活动的分类标准
⑥ 经济合作与发展组织Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development简称经合组织(OECD),是由30多个市场经济国家组成的政府间国际经济组织,旨在共同应对全球化带来的经济、社会和政府治理等方面 的挑战,并把握全球化带来的机遇。成立于1961年,目前成员国总数34个,总部设在巴黎
① 国际标准产业分类第三次修订ISIC Rev.3国际标准产业分类,在联合国的国际标准统计分类系列中为参考分类,联合国统计司统计分类处为该分类的管理者
② 信息相关产业分类情况参见附录一：《统计上划分信息相关产业暂行规定》。
① Thomas Eisenmann,Geoffrey Parker,Marshall Van Alstyne.Platform Envelopment[J].Strategic Management Journal.32:1270-1285(2011).
① 规模经济指产品的长期平均成本随产量下降的趋势,可以用s=AC/MC来衡量,如s>1规模经济存在；范围经济指两种以上产品一起生产和销售的成本小于分别生产和销售的成本之和。企业对规模经济和范围经济的利用可以导致进入壁垒,从而形成市场结构集中化趋势。
② [美]卡尔.夏皮罗,哈尔.瓦里安著,张帆译.信息规则----网络经济的策略指导[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2000(6).Pp.152.
① 乌家培.网络经济及其对经济理论的影响[J].学术研究2000(1)
② Katz, M. and C. Shapiro, Systems Competition and Network Effects[J],Journal of EconomicPerspectives 8 (2), 1994,pp.93-115.
① Thorngate, W. (1990),The economy of attention and the development of psychology[J].Canada Psychology,21,62-70.
① 这被称为供应方规模经济,传统意义上的规模经济主要是指供应方规模经济。
① Arthur,B. Competing technologies,increasing returns,and lock-in by historical events[J].Economic Journal 1989.99
① 姚利权.略论西方注意力经济学派发展的精神特征---以“三驾马车”为例[J].杭州：浙江工业大学学报(社会科学版).2012(9).pp.332-336.
① Simon, H. A. (1996), The Sciences of the Artificial (3rd ed.), Cambridge, MA:The MIT Press,pp,143-144.
② Thorngate, W. (1990),The economy of attention and the development of psychology[J]. Canada Psychology,21,62-70.
③ 姚利权.略论西方注意力经济学派发展的精神特征—以三驾马车为例[J].浙江工业大学学报(社会科学版).第11卷第3期,2012年9月.第332页到336页.
① 高德哈伯的个人主页,http://goldhaber.org/,2013/2/19
② Rishab Aiyer Ghosh, Economics is dead. Long live economics! A commentary on Micheal Goldhaber's The Attention Economy,2013/3/7.
② T.H. Davenport and J.C. Beck. The Attention Economy:Understanding the New Currency of Business[M].Harvard Business School Press,2001.
① Richard A. Lanham.The Economics of Attention[J].in the proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the Association of Research Libraries,1994. http://sunsite.berkely.edu/ARL/Proceedings/124/ps2econ.html
② Richard A. Lanham.The Economics of Attention:Style and Substance in the Age of information,2006.
③ 1998年维也纳技术大学的教授乔治.法兰克在慕尼黑的一家出版社出版了他的著作《注意力经济》,这是注意力经济领域较早的一部专著
④ Georg Franck. The Economy of Attention[J]. Telepolis July 1999.
⑤ Georg Franck. Scientific Communication----A Vanity Fair?.Science.1999.10.
⑥ 汪丁丁.“注意力”的经济学描述[J].经济研究,2000(10)
⑦ 汪丁丁.“注意力”的经济学描述[J].经济研究,2000(10)
① 张雷.注意力经济[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2002.4.pp.79.
② Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole, Platform Competition in Two-sided Markets[J] Journal of the European Economic Association,Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2003,pp.990-1029.
① Jean-Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole. "Two-sided markets:a progress report,"RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol.37(3),,2006, pp.645-667,09
① Armstrong, M. (2002):The Theory of Access Pricing and Interconnection, in:Cave, M. et al. (eds.):Handbookof Telecommunications Economics, Volume 1, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
② Wright J. One-sided logic in two-sided markets[J].Review of Network Economics.2004,3(1):44-64
① Caillaud, Bernard and Bruno Jullien (2003) "Chicken & Egg:Competition among Intermediation Service Providers", The RAND Journal of Economics, Vol.34, No.2. (Summer), pp.309-328
② Bernard Caillaud and Bruno Jullien, Chicken & Egg:Competition among Intermediation Service Providers,The RAND Journal of Economics, Vol.34, No.2 (Summer,2003), pp.309-328
① Katz, M. and C. Shapiro, Systems Competition and Network Effects[J], Journal of EconomicPerspectives 8 (2), 1994,pp.93-115.
② Carl Shapiro, Hal Varian. Information Rules:A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy[M], Harvard Business School Press,1997
① Evans, David S. Antitrust Economics of Multi-Sided Platform Markets, The Case of payment Networks[J].Yale Journal on Regulation,20,2003,pp.325-382.
② S.J.Liebowiz,Rethinking the Networked Economy:The True Forces Driving the Digital Marketplace[M],Amacom, 2002.
① 价格结构：双边市场中平台对各边是否收费、收费是采用会员费还是按使用次数收费、对各边是否存在价格歧视和交叉补贴。价格结构也被称为“定价模式”。
② Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole, Platform Competition in Two-sided Markets[J] Journal of the European Economic Association,Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2003,pp.990-1029.
③ Armstrong,M., Competition in Two-sided Markets[J]. The RAND Journal of Economics,2006.
① Nocke,Volker.Peitz,Martin.stahl,Konrad.PLATFORM OWNERSHIP[J].Journal of the European Economic Association.vol.5.Blackwell Publishing Ltd,1542-4774,1130-1160,2007
② Andrei Hagiu.Proprietary vs.Open Two—sided platforms and Social Efficiency[J].Harvard Business School working paper.2006(3)
① Andrei Hagiu.Two-sided platforms:Pricing and Social Efficiency[J].RIETI working paper NO.04035.2004 (1)
② Gabszewicz J J,Wauthy X. Two-sided markets and pricing competition with muti-homing. CORE discussion working paper 2004 NO.30
③ Sujit Chakravorti, Roberto Roson. Platform competition in two-sided markets:the case of payment networks[J]. Review of Network Economics, Berkeley Electronic Press,2006,vol.5(1), pages 8
④ Mark Armstrong, Julian Wright. Two-sided market,competitive bottlenecks and exclusive contracts[J].EconomicTheory (2007) 32:353-380
① Adams,W.J.,Yellen,J.L.Commodity Bundling and the Burden of Monopoly[J]. Quaterly Joural of Economics,1976,90:475-498
② Ward S. Bowman. Tying Arrangement and The Leverage Problem[J]. Yale Law Journal,1957,67(1):pp.19-36.
③ George J. Stigler. United States v. Loew's Inc:A Note on Block Booking[J]. The Supreme Court Review,1963,pp.152-157.
④ Richard Schmalensee. Commodity Bunding by Single-Product Monopolies[J]. Journal of Law and Economics,1982,25,pp.67-71.
⑤ M.D. Whinston. Tying,Foreclosure,and Exclusion[J].Amercan Economic Review,1990,80,pp.837-859
⑥ [法]泰勒尔,张维迎总译校.产业组织理论[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1997.
① Evans, David S., The Antitrust Economics of Multi-Sided Platform Markets[J]. Yale Journal on Regulation vol.20, no.2,2003b:325-381.
② Jean Charles Rochet & Jean, Tirole. "Tying in two-sided markets and the honor all cards rule,"International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol.26(6),,2008, pages 1333-1347, November
③ Jay Pil Choi. Tying in two-sided markets with multi-homing[E].http://www.cesifo-group.de/DocCIDL/cesifol_wp2073.pdf,2013/3/31.
④ 蔡国成.双边市场中平台企业的捆绑销售策略研究[D].厦门大学硕士论文,2009.
① MingChun Sun and Edison Tse, When Does the Winner Take All in Two-Sided Markets? [J], Review of Network Economics. Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages-,ISSN (Online) 1446-9022, DOI:10.2202/1446-9022.1108, March 2007
① Thomas Eisenmann,Geoffrey Parker,Marshall Van Alstyne.Platform Envelopment[J].Strategic Management Journal.32:1270-1285(2011).
① Baxter W F. Bank interchange of transactional paper:legal and economic perspectives[J].Journal of Law and Economics.1983,26(3):541-558.
② Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole.Cooperation among competitions:some economics of payment card associations[J].Rand Journal of Economics.2002,33(4):549-570
③ Wright J. Determinants of optimal interchange fees in payments systems[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics.2003,52(1):1-26.
① Bolt W, Tieman A T. Pricing debit card payment services:an 10 approach[J].IMF working paper.2003,No.202.
② Guthrie G, Wright J. Competing payment schemes. NUS working paper.2003,No.0311.
③ Jean Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole. Externalities and regulation in card payment systems[J].Review of Network Economics.2006,(5):1-14.
④ White L J. Market definition and market power in payment card networks:some comments and considerations.Review of Network Economics.2006,5(1):61-71.
⑤ Gans J,King S. The role of interchange fees in credit card association:competititioon annlysis and regulatory issue.Australian businessLawReview[J].2001,29(2):94-122.
⑥ Kind H J, Nilssen T, Sorgard L. Financing of media firms:does competition matter?center for International Economics and Shipping working paper.2005,NO.6.
① Anderson P S. Broadcast competition:commercial and pay-tv.Media Economics Workshop in Bergen working paper.2003,N0.64.
② Anderson P S,Coat S. Market provision of broadcasting:a welfare analysis Review of Economic Studies.2005,72(4):974-972.
③ Ferrando J J, Gabszewicz J.Laussel D.Nathalie S.Two-sided network effects and competition:an application to media industries.CORE working paper,2004,NO.06.
④ Dukes A,Gal-or E.Negotiations and exclusivity contracts for advertising. Marketing Science,2003,22(20:222-45.
⑤ Gal-Or E,Dukes A.Minimum differentiation in commercial media markets.Journal of Economics & Management Strategy.2003,12(3):291-235.
⑥ Jeon D S,Rochet J C. The pricing of academic journals:a two-sided market perspective.IDEI working paper.2007,NO.458.
① Barros P,kind H J, Nilssen T,Sorgard L. Media competition on the internet perspective.IDEI working paper.2007,NO.458.
② Thomas C. A strategic guide on two-sided markets applied to the ISP market.MRPA working paper.2007.NO.2602.
③ Gaudeu A, Jullien B. E-commerce,two-sided markets and info-mediation.Communications & Strategies.2006,16(1):17-35.
④ Katsamakas E,Bakos Y. Design and ownership of two-sided networks.Jounal of Economic Perspectives,2005,19(2):99-120.
⑤ Armstrong M, Wright J. Mobile call termination in the UK. MRPA working paper.2007,NO.2344.
① Derk Bergemann and Juuso Valimaki(1997).Market Diffusion with Two-sided Learning.RAND Journal of Economics Vol.28 No.4,Winter 1997.pp.773-795
① 吴军.浪潮之巅[J].北京：电子工业出版社,2011(8),pp.126-127
② 吴军.浪潮之巅[J].北京：电子工业出版社,2011(8),pp.352
① Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole, Platform Competition in Two-sided Markets[J] Journal of the European Economic Association,Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2003a,pp.990-1029.
③ Carl Shapiro,Hal Va rian.Information Rules:A Strategic Guide to the Netw.rk Economy[M],Harvard Business School Press,1997.pp.229.
① 张雷.媒介革命：西方注意力经济学派研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2009.pp.3.
① Schmid, H. (2009), Economy of Fascination:Dubai and Las Vegas as Themed Urban Landscapes, Stuttgart, Berlin: E. Schweizerbart science publishers, ISBN 978-3-443-37014-5, http://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/artno/008001100.
② 谢小军,沈青波.注意力经济与高职院校图书馆信息服务营销[J].沈阳：图书馆学刊,2012(12).
③ 金源云,李国强.注意力经济模式下的城市品牌打造----以石家庄为例[J].昆明：学术探索,2012(8).
④ 美国的社交网络包括facebook,twtter等,中国的社交网络包括“人人网”,QQ等.
⑤ James K. Galbraith and Travis Hale (2004). Income Distribution and the Information Technology Bubble. University of Texas Inequality Project Working Paper
⑥ 吴国强,张仁玉.剖析美国互联网经济泡沫[J].北京：商品与质量理论研究,2011(6).pp.25.
① 徐光远,李贤等.当代西方经济学十大理论热点----近年来诺贝尔经济学奖获得者主要理论研究[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2008年1月.pp.165.
① Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole, Platform Competition in Two-sided Markets[J] Journal of the European Economic Association,Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2003,pp.990-1029.
② Mark Armstrong. Competition in Two-sided Markets [J]. RAND Journal of Economics Vol.37, No.3, Autumn 2006pp.668-691
① Caillaud, Bernard and Bruno Jullien (2003) "Chicken & Egg:Competition among Intermediation Service Providers", The RAND Journal of Economics, Vol.34, No.2.(Summer), pp.309-328
② Bernard Caillaud and Bruno Jullien, Chicken & Egg:Competition among Intermediation Service Providers, The RAND Journal of Economics, Vol.34, No.2 (Summer,2003), pp.309-328
② 《国家竞争优势》,PP：6
① 波特,《国家竞争优势》,pp657
① [英]苏珊·斯特兰奇著,杨宇光等译.国家与市场：国际政治经济学导论[M].经济科学出版社,1990.
[1][德]阿尔弗雷德·韦伯.工业区位论(1909)[M].北京：商务印书馆,2010(10).
[2][美]阿尔文·托夫勒著,朱志炎潘琪张焱译.第三次浪潮[M].三联书店新华书店,1983(3).
[3]安筱鹏.电子信息产业发展模式的探讨[J].现代经济探讨,2005(7).
[4][美]保罗·克鲁格曼毛瑞斯·奥伯斯法尔德(著),黄卫平等(译).国际经济学-理论与政策(第八版)[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2011.
[5][瑞典]伯尔蒂尔·俄林,王继祖等译校.地区间贸易和国际贸易[M].上海：商务印书馆,1986.
[6]蔡国成.双边市场中平台企业的捆绑销售策略研究[D].福建：厦门大学(硕士论文),2009.
[7]陈瑾玫.中国产业效应研究[D].辽宁：辽宁大学(博士论文).2007.
[8]陈文栋.华为的国际化-中国式基业长青的国际化思维-从优秀到卓越的国际化路径[M].深圳：海天出版社.
[9][英]大卫·李嘉图(著),周洁(译).政治经济学及赋税原理[M].西方经济学圣经译丛.华夏出版社,2009.
[10]费宇,关赟,李娟.区域主导产业选择的定量分析[J].云南财经大学学报,2009年第4期
[11]冯赫.关于战略性新兴产业发展的若干思考[J].经济研究参考,2010年43期
[12]傅培瑜.我国战略性新兴产业发展的研究[D].大连：东北财经大学(硕士论文).2010.
[13][德]弗里德里希·李斯特.政治经济学的国民体系(西方经济学圣经译丛)[M].华夏出版社,2009.
[14][美]弗里茨·马克卢普(Fritz Machlup).《美国的知识生产与分配》[M].中国人民大学出版社,2007-2007-10-1(ISBN:9787300085661,译者：孙耀君).
[15]韩小威.经济全球化背景下中国产业政策有效性问题研究[D].2006.吉林大学(博士论文).
[16]贺静.我国信息技术产业竞争力分析-以长三角地区为例[D].同济大学(硕士论文),2008年1月.
[17][美]HollyMoore著高会生刘童娜李聪聪译Matlab使用教程(第二版)[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2010年1月.
[18]黄兆银.论战略性贸易和产业政策的理论及其意义[J].经济评论,2001年第1期.
[19]黄育馥.美国人力资源政策与实施[J].国外社会科学,2004年3期.
[20]江泽民(2008).新时期我国信息技术产业的发展[J].上海交通大学学报,2008年10期
[21]江小娟.中国推行产业政策中的公共选择问题[J].经济研究,1993年第6期.
[22]姜大鹏,顾新.我国战略性新兴产业的现状分析[J].科技进步与对策,2010年第17期.
[23][美]卡尔.夏皮罗,哈尔.瓦里安著,张帆译.信息规则----网络经济的策略指导[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2000(6)
[24]李泉.双边市场价格理论及其产业应用研究：以软件产业为例[D].上海：上海交通大学(博士学位论文).
[25]李晓华,吕铁.战略性新兴产业的特征与政策导向研究.[J].宏观经济研究,2010(9).
[26]李敬辉.新时期中国产业政策研究[D].2005.黑龙江：哈尔滨工业大学(博士论文).
[27]李颋.全球信息产业竞争格局和竞争模式处于变革之中.http://yjs.cena.com.cn/a/2012-08-03/134395886670482.shtml,2012/8/19.
[28]李晨韦有周李秋淮.印度服务外包发展及其对我国中西部地区的启示[J].他山之石,2012(1).
[29]林元旦郭中原.印度硅谷——班加罗尔成功的奥秘——论印度政府对信息产业的扶植[J].中国行政管理2001(8)
[30]刘勇燕,郭丽峰.美国信息产业政策启示[J].中国科技论坛,2011(5)
[31]卢明华李国平.全球电子信息产业价值链及对我国的启示[J].北京大学学报,2004年7期.
[32][美]罗伯特·吉尔平(Gilpin.R)著,宋新宁,杜建平译.世界政治中的战争与变革[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2007年.
[33][英]马歇尔著,廉运杰译.经济学原理[M].华夏出版社,2005年1月.
[34][美]迈克尔·波特(Micale Porter),李明轩、邱如美译、郑风田校,《国家竞争战略》[M],北京--华夏出版社,2002(1).
[35]马健.信息产业融合与产业结构升级[J].产业经济研究,2003年2期.
[36]孟令娟吴宗杰.韩国信息产业发展经验及对中国的启示[J].山东理工大学学报,2006(9).
[37]牛立超.战略性新兴产业发展与演进研究[D].北京：首都经济贸易大学.2011.
[38]卜永祥.美国大学与产业间的技术转让[J].科学学与科学技术管理,1994.
[39]乔为国.美国信息技术产业成长中政府政策及启示[J].中国科技论坛,2007年8月
[40][美]乔治·J·斯蒂格勒著,王永钦薛锋译.产业组织[M].上海：上海三联出版社,上海人民出版社,2006.
[41][美]乔治·J·施蒂格勒著,潘正民译.产业组织与政府管制[M],上海：上海人民出版社,上海三联书店,1996
[42]石培华.注意力经济[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2000.
[43]苏东水.产业经济学[M]第三版.高等教育出版社出版,2010.
[44][英]苏珊·斯特兰奇著,杨宇光等译.国家与市场：国际政治经济学导论[M].经济科学出版社,1990.
[45]束军意.发展模式、政府作用、优惠政策--美、日、印信息产业发展比较[J].北京理工大学学报,2001(11)
[46]施正荣.再造宏基：开创、成长与挑战[M].台北：天下远见出版公司,2004.
[47][法]泰勒尔,张维迎总译校.产业组织理论[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1997.
[48]童昕,王缉慈.硅谷—新竹—东莞：透视信息技术产业的全球生产网络[J].科技导报,1999年9期.
[49]汪丁丁.“注意力”的经济学描述[J].经济研究,2000(10)
[50]王高雄等编.常微分方程[M]北京：高等教育出版社,2006年7月
[51]王忠宏,石光.发展战略性新兴产业推进产业结构调整[J].中国发展观察,2010年第1期
[52]万钢.把握全球产业调整机遇培育和发展战略性新兴产业[J].求是,2010年第1期
[53]文晓立.我国信息技术产业上市公司规模及业绩研究[J].华南师范大学(硕士论文),2004年6月.
[54]乌家培.中国信息产业的现状展望与对策建议[J].中国软科学,1997(7).。
[55]乌家培.网络经济及其对经济理论的影响[J].学术研究,2000(1).
[56]吴军.浪潮之籁[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2011(8).
[57]肖兴志等.发展战略、产业升级与战略性新兴产业选择[J].财经问题研究,2010(7).
[58]肖兴志主编.中国战略性新兴产业发展研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2011(6).
[59]许晶华.信息产业分类体系比较研究[J].情报学报2001年5月.P618-624.
[60]闫禹.IT产业国际分工研究[D].2008年5月.沈阳：辽宁大学(博士论文).
[61]袁勤俭.美国产业分类体系的演化[J].统计与信息论坛.2005年1月.P29-32.
[62]亚当·普沃斯基著,郦菁、张燕等译.《国家与市场-政治经济学入门》[M].上海：格致出版社,2003出版.
[63]余菁.信息技术(IT)产业竞争战略[J].北京：中国社会科学院研究生院.2001.
[64]赵刚.战略性新兴产业的国际经验与我国的对策[J].科技成果纵横,2010年(1).
[65]张才明,信息技术经济学框架研究[D].2008年6月.北京：北京交通大学(博士论文).
[66]张铭洪杜云.网络经济学教程[M].北京：科学出版社,2010(2)
[67]张雷.注意力经济学[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2002.
[68]张雷.媒介革命：西方注意力经济学派研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2009.
[69]张力群.印度经济增长研究[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2009(11).
[70]周菲,王宁.芬兰发展战略性新兴产业的经验与启示[J].2010(2).
[71][日]植草益.微观规制经济学[M].北京：中国发展出版社,1992
[72]朱瑞博.中国战略性新兴产业培育及其政策取向[J].改革,2010(3).
[73]中华人民共和国信息产业部,软件服务业司.软件和信息技术服务业“十二五”发展规划[J]. http://rjfwys.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11295227/n11298133/14632046.html2010年4月6日.
[74]中华人民共和国信息产业部,软件服务业司.鼓励软件产业和集成电路产业发展的若干政策.http://rjfwys.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11295227/n11298133/11648303.html2000年06月30日.
[75]中华人民共和国信息产业部,电子信息司.电子信息制造业“十二五”发展规划.2012年2月24日http://dzs.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11295210/n11298313/14473995.html.
[76]中华人民共和国信息产业部,电子信息司.集成电路产业“十二五”发展规划[J].2012年2月24日http://dzs.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11295210/n11298313/14474049.html.
[77]中华人民共和国信息产业部,通信发展局.下一代互联网“十二五”发展建设的意[J]见http://txs.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11295244/n11297923/14537737.html2012/8/18.
[78]中华人民共和国信息产业部,信息化推进司.国务院办公厅关于加快电子商务发展的若干意见[J]http://xxhs.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11505629/n11506609/n11968195/n11968360/n11968435/12 383657.html2012/8/18.
[79]中华人民共和国商务部电子商务和信息化司.中国电子商务报告(2010—2011)[J].http://eb.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/o/ad/201206/20120608194554.html2012/8/18
[1]Adams,W.J.,Yellen,J.L.Commodity Bundling and the Burden of Monopoly[J].Quaterly Joural of Economics, (1976),90:475-498.
[2]Aiginger, K. (2007). Industrial policy:A dying breed or A re-emerging phoenix[J]. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade,7(3-4),297-323. doi:10.1007/s 10842-007-0025-7.
[3]Anderson P S. Broadcast competition:commercial and pay-tv.Media Economics Workshop in Bergen working paper.2003,NO.64.
[4]Anderson P S,Coat S. Market provision of broadcasting:a welfare analysis Review of Economic Studies.2005,72(4):974-972.
[5]Andrei Hagiu. Proprietary vs. Open Two-sided platforms and Social Efficiency[J].Harvard Business School working paper.2006 (3)
[6]Andrei Hagiu.Two-sided platforms:Pricing and Social Efficiency[J].RIETI working paper NO.04035.2004 (1),
[7]Armstrong, M. The Theory of Access Pricing and Interconnection, in:Cave, M. et al. (eds.):Handbook of Telecommunications Economics, (2002)Volume 1, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
[8]Armstrong,M., Competition in Two-sided Markets[J]. The RAND Journal of Economics, (2006)
[9]Armstrong,M and Wright,J. Two-sided market,competitive bottlenecks and exclusive contracts[J].EconomicTheory (2007) 32:353-380
[10]Armstrong M, Wright J. Mobile call termination in the UK. MRPA working paper.2007,NO.2344.
[11]Arthur,B. Competing technologies,increasing returns,and lock-in by historical events[J].Economic Journal 1989.99
[12]Barros P,kind H J, Nilssen T,Sorgard L. Media competition on the internet perspective.IDEI working paper.2007,NO.458.
[13]Baxter W F. Bank interchange of transactional paper:legal and economic perspectives[J].Journal of Law and Economics.1983,26(3):541-558.
[14]Bolt W, Tieman A T. Pricing debit card payment services:an 10 approach[J].IMF working paper. 2003,No.202.
[15]Caillaud, Bernard & Jullien, Bruno, Chicken&egg:competition among intermediation service providers[J].RAND Journal of Economics, Vol.34, No.2, Summer 2003, pp.309-328, (2003)
[16]Carl Shapiro, Hal Varian. Information Rules:A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy[M], Harvard Business School Press,1997.
[17]Dukes A,Gal-or E.Negotiations and exclusivity contracts for advertising. Marketing Science,2003,22(20:222-45.
[18]Economides, N., The Economics of Networks[J]. International Journalof Industrial Organization vol.14,no.2 (March 1996)
[19]Economides, N., Desirability of Compatibility in the Absence of Network Externalities[J]. American Economic Review 78 (1),1989, pp.108-121.
[20]Economides, N. Network Economics with Application to Finance, Financial Markets[J]. Institutions & Instruments 2 (5),1993a,pp.89-97.
[21]Economides, N., A Monopolist's Incentive to Invite Competitors to Enter in Telecommunications Services, in:G. Pogorel ed.[J]. Global Telecommunications Servicesand Technological Changes, (Elsevier, Amsterdam),1993b.
[22]Economides, N., Network Externalities, Complementarities, and Invitations to Enter[J]. European Journal of Political Economy.1996.
[23]Economides, N. and F. Flyer, Technical Standards Coalitions for Network Goods[J],Discussion Paper no. EC-95-12, Stern School of Business, N.Y.U.1995.
[24]Economides, N., and S.C. Salop, Competition and Integration among Complements, and Network Market Structure[J], Journal of Industrial Economics 40 (1),1992,pp.105-123.34.
[25]Economides, N. and R.A. Schwartz, Electronic Call Market Trading, Journal of Portfolio Management 21 (3), (Spring 1995),pp.10-18.
[26]Economides, N. and L.J. White, Networks and Compatibility:Implications for Antitrust[J]. European Economic Review 38,1994, pp.651-662.
[27]Evans, David S. Some Empirical Aspects of Multi-sided Platform Industries[J]. Review of Network Economics,2003a,2(3):191-209
[28]Evans, David S., The Antitrust Economics of Multi-Sided Platform Markets[J]. Yale Journal on Regulation vol.20, no.2,2003b:325-381.
[29]Francis.A. and P.K.Tharakan. The Competitiveness of European Industry, Routledge, London and New York,1989.
[30]Farrell, J. and G. Salone. Standardization, Compatibility, and Innovation[J]. Rand Journal of Economics 16, pp70-83,1985.
[31]Farrell, J.and G. Saloner. Installed Base and Compatibility:Innovation, Product,Preannouncement, and Predation[J]. American Economic Review 76,pp 940-955,1986.
[32]Farrell, J.and G. Saloner. Standardization and Variety[J]. Economics Letters 20,pp 71-74,1986.
[33]Farrell, J.and G. Saloner. Economic Issues in Standardization [J]. in:J. Miller, ed., Telecommunications and Equity, (North Holland, Amsterdam).1986.
[34]Farrell, J. and G. Saloner. Competition, Compatibility and Standards:The Economics of Horses, Penguins, and Lemmings, in:Landis Gabel, ed.[J]. Product Standardization and Competitive Strategy, (North Holland),1987.
[35]Farrell, J. and G. Saloner. Coordination Through Committees and Markets[J], Rand Journal of Economics 19 (2), pp235-252,1988.
[36]Farrell, J. and G. Saloner. Converters, Compatibility, and the Control of Interfaces[J], Journal of Industrial Economics 40 (1), pp9-36.1992.
[37]Ferrando J J, Gabszewicz J,Laussel D,Nathalie S.Two-sided network effects and competition:an application to media industries.CORE working paper,2004,NO.06.
[38]Gans J,King S. The role of interchange fees in credit card association:competititioon annlysis and regulatory issue.Australian businessLawReview[J].2001,29(2):94-122.
[39]Gal-Or E,Dukes A.Minimum differentiation in commercial media markets.Journal of Economics & Management Strategy.2003,12(3):291-235.
[40]Gaudeu A, Jullien B. E-commerce/two-sided markets and info-mediation.Communications & Strategies.2006,16(1):17-35.
[41]Georg Franck. The Economy of Attention[J]. Telepolis July 1999.
[42]George J. Stigler. United States v. Loew's Inc:A Note on Block Booking[J]. The Supreme Court Review,1963,pp.152-157.
[43]Guthrie G, Wright J. Competing payment schemes. NUS working paper.2003,No.0311.
[44]Ha-Joon Chang. Under-explored Treasure Troves of Development Lessons Lessons from the Histories of Small Rich European Countries (SRECs).2008.
[45]Ha-Joon Chang. Kicking away the ladder:development strategy in historical perspective. Anthem Press.2002.
[46]Holmes, P. (1993). Towards a common industrial policy in the EC?[J]. European Business Journal, 5(4),25-25.
[47]Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole.Cooperation among competitions:some economics of payment card associations[J].Rand Journal of Economics.2002,33(4):549-570
[48]Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole, Platform Competition in Two-sided Markets[J] Journal of the European Economic Association,Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2003a,pp.990-1029.
[49]Jean-Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole. "An Economic Analysis of the Determination of Interchange Fees in Payment Card Systems,"Review of Network Economics, Berkeley Electronic Press, vol.2(2), 2003b,pages 2
[50]Jean Charles Rochet & Jean, Tirole. Defining Two-Sided Markets[J]. Preliminary.2004(1).
[51]Jean Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole. Externalities and regulation in card payment systems[J].Review of Network Economics.2006,(5):1-14.
[52]Jean Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole. "Two-sided markets:a progress report,"RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol.37(3),,2006, pp.645-667,09.
[53]Jean Charles Rochet & Jean, Tirole. "Tying in two-sided markets and the honor all cards rule,"International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol.26(6),,2008, pages 1333-1347, November
[54]Jean Tirole, The Theory of Industrial Organization[J], MIT Press,1987.
[55]Jeon D S,Rochet J C. The pricing of academic journals:a two-sided market perspective.IDEI working paper.2007,NO.458.
[56]Katsamakas E,Bakos Y. Design and ownership of two-sided networks.Jounal of Economic Perspectives,2005,19(2):99-120.
[57]Katz, M. and C. Shapiro, Network Externalities, Competition and Compatibility[J], AmericanEconomic Review 75 (3),1985,pp.424-440.
[58]Katz, M. and C. Shapiro, Systems Competition and Network Effects[J], Journal of EconomicPerspectives 8 (2),1994,pp.93-115.
[59]Kind H J, Nilssen T, Sorgard L.Financing of media firms:does competition matter?center for International Economics and Shipping working paper.2005,NO.6.
[60]M.D.Whinston.Tying,Foreclosure,and,Exclusion[J].AmercanEconomic review,1990,80,pp.837-859.
[61]M.U. Porat. The Information Economy:Definition and Measurement. Washington, D.C. USA. 1977.
[62]Etzioni, A. (1992). Caution:Industrial policy is coming[J]. Challenge,35(5),58-58.
[63]MingChun Sun and Edison Tse, When Does the Winner Take All in Two-Sided Markets? [J], Review of Network Economics. Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages-, ISSN (Online) 1446-9022, DOI: 10.2202/1446-9022.1108, March 2007.
[64]Mingo, S. (2009). Essays on industrial policy, strategy, and entrepreneurship[D]. Harvard University).
[65]Michael H. Goldhaber. The Attention Economy:The Nature Economy of the Net[J]. First Monday,April 1997. http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue24/goldhaber/index.html.
[66]Nezu, R. (2007). Industrial policy in japan[J]. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade,7(3-4), 229-243. doi:10.1007/s10842-007-0018-6.
[67]Nocke, Volker.Peitz, Martin. Stahl, Konrad. PLATFORM OWNERSHIP[J]. Journal of the European Economic Association, vol.5. Blackwell Publishing Ltd,1542-4774,1130-1160,2007.
[68]Richard Schmalensee. Commodity Bunding by Single-Product Monopolies[J]. Journal of Law and Economics,1982,25,pp.67-71.
[69]Reisinger M. Two-sided markets with negative externalities[J]. University of Munich 2004,pp.478.
[70]Samuelson, P. A. (1948). "International Trade and the Equalisation of Factor Prices"[J], Economic Journal, June, pp.163-184.
[71]S.J.Liebowiz,Rethinking the Networked Economy:The True Forces Driving the Digital Marketplace[M], Amacom,2002.
[72]Sujit Chakravorti, Roberto Roson. Platform competition in two-sided markets:the case of payment networks[J]. Review of Network Economics, Berkeley Electronic Press,2006,vol.5(1), pages 8.
[73]T.H. Davenport and J.C. Beck. The Attention Economy:Understanding the New Currency of Business[J]. Harvard Business School Press,2001.
[74]Thomas Eisenmann,Geoffrey Parker,Marshall Van Alstyne.Platform Envelopment[J].Strategic Management Journal.32:1270-1285(2011).
[75]Thomas C. A strategic guide on two-sided markets applied to the ISP market.MRPA working paper.2007.NO.2602.
[76]Ward S. Bowman. Tying Arrangement and The Leverage Problem[J]. Yale Law Journal, 1957,67(1):pp.19-36.
[77]Watson, D. (1993). European industrial policy-fact or fantasy?[J]. European Business Journal, 5(3),8-8.
[78]White L J. Market definition and market power in payment card networks:some comments and considerations.Review of Network Economics.2006,5(1):61-71.
[79]William J. Baumol, John C. Panzar,& Robert D. Willig (1982). Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure.
[80]Wright J. Determinants of optimal interchange fees in payments systems[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics.2003,52(1):1-26.
[81]Wright J. One-sided logic in two-sided markets[J].Review of Network Economics.2004,3(1):44-64.
[82]Wright J, Kaiser U. Price structure in two-sided markets:evidence from the magazine industry[J]. International Journal If Industrial Organization.2006,24(1):1-28.
② Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole, Platform Competition in Two-sided Markets[J] Journal of the European Economic Association,Volume 1, Issue 4, pages 990-1029, June 2003
③ Armstrong,M., Competition in Two-sided Markets[J]. The RAND Journal of Economics,2006.
④ Evans, David S., The Antitrust Economics of Multi-Sided Platform Markets[J]. Yale Journal on Regulation vol.20, no.2 (2003):325-381.
① 吴军.浪潮之巅[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2011(8),pp.226
① Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole, Platform Competition in Two-sided Markets[J] Journal of the European Economic Association,Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2003,pp.990-1029.
② Jean Charles Rochet & Jean, Tirole. Defining Two-Sided Markets[J]. Preliminary.2004(1).
③ Reisinger M. Two-sided markets with negative externalities[J].University of Munich 2004,pp.478
① Wright J, Kaiser U. Price structure in two-sided markets:evidence from the magazine industry[J].International Journal If Industrial Organization.2006,24(1):1-28.
② Armstrong,M., Competition in Two-sided Markets[J]. The RAND Journal of Economics,2006.
③ 李泉.双边市场价格理论及其产业应用研究：以软件产业为例[D].上海：上海交通大学(博士学位论文)
① Linux操作系统是一种开放源码的操作系统,用户可以免费使用,诞生于1991年。于Windows不同,支持该系统的不是某家公司,而是许多在其改进过程中投入了大量时间的开发人员,主要通过基于Web的论坛和邮件列表来提供技术支持。
② 弗里茨.马克卢普(Fritz Machlup)著.孙耀君译：《美国的知识生产与分配》[M].中国人民大学出版社,2007-2007-10-1(ISBN：9787300085661)
③ M.U. Porat. The Information Economy:Definition and Measurement[M]. Washington, D.C. USA.1977
④ 美国的产业分类体系是国际上最有影响力的产业分类体系之一。从20世纪30年代末到1997年,美国所发布的经济调查数据一直是以预算管理办公室开发和维护的标准产业分类体系(Standard Industrial Classification,简称SIC)作为产业分类的标准。
⑤ 。了适应产业发展和国际可比性的需要,1997年4月9日,美国预算管理办公室宣布将用新的北美产业分类体系(North American Industry ClassificationSystem,简称NAICS)取代1987年版的标准产业分类体系--标准87版SIG。2002年1月1日起,美国采用2002年版NAICS,为经济活动的分类标准
⑥ 经济合作与发展组织Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development简称经合组织(OECD),是由30多个市场经济国家组成的政府间国际经济组织,旨在共同应对全球化带来的经济、社会和政府治理等方面 的挑战,并把握全球化带来的机遇。成立于1961年,目前成员国总数34个,总部设在巴黎
① 国际标准产业分类第三次修订ISIC Rev.3国际标准产业分类,在联合国的国际标准统计分类系列中为参考分类,联合国统计司统计分类处为该分类的管理者
② 信息相关产业分类情况参见附录一：《统计上划分信息相关产业暂行规定》。
① Thomas Eisenmann,Geoffrey Parker,Marshall Van Alstyne.Platform Envelopment[J].Strategic Management Journal.32:1270-1285(2011).
① 规模经济指产品的长期平均成本随产量下降的趋势,可以用s=AC/MC来衡量,如s>1规模经济存在；范围经济指两种以上产品一起生产和销售的成本小于分别生产和销售的成本之和。企业对规模经济和范围经济的利用可以导致进入壁垒,从而形成市场结构集中化趋势。
② [美]卡尔.夏皮罗,哈尔.瓦里安著,张帆译.信息规则----网络经济的策略指导[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2000(6).Pp.152.
① 乌家培.网络经济及其对经济理论的影响[J].学术研究2000(1)
② Katz, M. and C. Shapiro, Systems Competition and Network Effects[J],Journal of EconomicPerspectives 8 (2), 1994,pp.93-115.
① Thorngate, W. (1990),The economy of attention and the development of psychology[J].Canada Psychology,21,62-70.
① 这被称为供应方规模经济,传统意义上的规模经济主要是指供应方规模经济。
① Arthur,B. Competing technologies,increasing returns,and lock-in by historical events[J].Economic Journal 1989.99
① 姚利权.略论西方注意力经济学派发展的精神特征---以“三驾马车”为例[J].杭州：浙江工业大学学报(社会科学版).2012(9).pp.332-336.
① Simon, H. A. (1996), The Sciences of the Artificial (3rd ed.), Cambridge, MA:The MIT Press,pp,143-144.
② Thorngate, W. (1990),The economy of attention and the development of psychology[J]. Canada Psychology,21,62-70.
③ 姚利权.略论西方注意力经济学派发展的精神特征—以三驾马车为例[J].浙江工业大学学报(社会科学版).第11卷第3期,2012年9月.第332页到336页.
① 高德哈伯的个人主页,http://goldhaber.org/,2013/2/19
② Rishab Aiyer Ghosh, Economics is dead. Long live economics! A commentary on Micheal Goldhaber's The Attention Economy,2013/3/7.
② T.H. Davenport and J.C. Beck. The Attention Economy:Understanding the New Currency of Business[M].Harvard Business School Press,2001.
① Richard A. Lanham.The Economics of Attention[J].in the proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the Association of Research Libraries,1994. http://sunsite.berkely.edu/ARL/Proceedings/124/ps2econ.html
② Richard A. Lanham.The Economics of Attention:Style and Substance in the Age of information,2006.
③ 1998年维也纳技术大学的教授乔治.法兰克在慕尼黑的一家出版社出版了他的著作《注意力经济》,这是注意力经济领域较早的一部专著
④ Georg Franck. The Economy of Attention[J]. Telepolis July 1999.
⑤ Georg Franck. Scientific Communication----A Vanity Fair?.Science.1999.10.
⑥ 汪丁丁.“注意力”的经济学描述[J].经济研究,2000(10)
⑦ 汪丁丁.“注意力”的经济学描述[J].经济研究,2000(10)
① 张雷.注意力经济[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2002.4.pp.79.
② Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole, Platform Competition in Two-sided Markets[J] Journal of the European Economic Association,Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2003,pp.990-1029.
① Jean-Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole. "Two-sided markets:a progress report,"RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol.37(3),,2006, pp.645-667,09
① Armstrong, M. (2002):The Theory of Access Pricing and Interconnection, in:Cave, M. et al. (eds.):Handbookof Telecommunications Economics, Volume 1, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
② Wright J. One-sided logic in two-sided markets[J].Review of Network Economics.2004,3(1):44-64
① Caillaud, Bernard and Bruno Jullien (2003) "Chicken & Egg:Competition among Intermediation Service Providers", The RAND Journal of Economics, Vol.34, No.2. (Summer), pp.309-328
② Bernard Caillaud and Bruno Jullien, Chicken & Egg:Competition among Intermediation Service Providers,The RAND Journal of Economics, Vol.34, No.2 (Summer,2003), pp.309-328
① Katz, M. and C. Shapiro, Systems Competition and Network Effects[J], Journal of EconomicPerspectives 8 (2), 1994,pp.93-115.
② Carl Shapiro, Hal Varian. Information Rules:A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy[M], Harvard Business School Press,1997
① Evans, David S. Antitrust Economics of Multi-Sided Platform Markets, The Case of payment Networks[J].Yale Journal on Regulation,20,2003,pp.325-382.
② S.J.Liebowiz,Rethinking the Networked Economy:The True Forces Driving the Digital Marketplace[M],Amacom, 2002.
① 价格结构：双边市场中平台对各边是否收费、收费是采用会员费还是按使用次数收费、对各边是否存在价格歧视和交叉补贴。价格结构也被称为“定价模式”。
② Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole, Platform Competition in Two-sided Markets[J] Journal of the European Economic Association,Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2003,pp.990-1029.
③ Armstrong,M., Competition in Two-sided Markets[J]. The RAND Journal of Economics,2006.
① Nocke,Volker.Peitz,Martin.stahl,Konrad.PLATFORM OWNERSHIP[J].Journal of the European Economic Association.vol.5.Blackwell Publishing Ltd,1542-4774,1130-1160,2007
② Andrei Hagiu.Proprietary vs.Open Two—sided platforms and Social Efficiency[J].Harvard Business School working paper.2006(3)
① Andrei Hagiu.Two-sided platforms:Pricing and Social Efficiency[J].RIETI working paper NO.04035.2004 (1)
② Gabszewicz J J,Wauthy X. Two-sided markets and pricing competition with muti-homing. CORE discussion working paper 2004 NO.30
③ Sujit Chakravorti, Roberto Roson. Platform competition in two-sided markets:the case of payment networks[J]. Review of Network Economics, Berkeley Electronic Press,2006,vol.5(1), pages 8
④ Mark Armstrong, Julian Wright. Two-sided market,competitive bottlenecks and exclusive contracts[J].EconomicTheory (2007) 32:353-380
① Adams,W.J.,Yellen,J.L.Commodity Bundling and the Burden of Monopoly[J]. Quaterly Joural of Economics,1976,90:475-498
② Ward S. Bowman. Tying Arrangement and The Leverage Problem[J]. Yale Law Journal,1957,67(1):pp.19-36.
③ George J. Stigler. United States v. Loew's Inc:A Note on Block Booking[J]. The Supreme Court Review,1963,pp.152-157.
④ Richard Schmalensee. Commodity Bunding by Single-Product Monopolies[J]. Journal of Law and Economics,1982,25,pp.67-71.
⑤ M.D. Whinston. Tying,Foreclosure,and Exclusion[J].Amercan Economic Review,1990,80,pp.837-859
⑥ [法]泰勒尔,张维迎总译校.产业组织理论[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1997.
① Evans, David S., The Antitrust Economics of Multi-Sided Platform Markets[J]. Yale Journal on Regulation vol.20, no.2,2003b:325-381.
② Jean Charles Rochet & Jean, Tirole. "Tying in two-sided markets and the honor all cards rule,"International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol.26(6),,2008, pages 1333-1347, November
③ Jay Pil Choi. Tying in two-sided markets with multi-homing[E].http://www.cesifo-group.de/DocCIDL/cesifol_wp2073.pdf,2013/3/31.
④ 蔡国成.双边市场中平台企业的捆绑销售策略研究[D].厦门大学硕士论文,2009.
① MingChun Sun and Edison Tse, When Does the Winner Take All in Two-Sided Markets? [J], Review of Network Economics. Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages-,ISSN (Online) 1446-9022, DOI:10.2202/1446-9022.1108, March 2007
① Thomas Eisenmann,Geoffrey Parker,Marshall Van Alstyne.Platform Envelopment[J].Strategic Management Journal.32:1270-1285(2011).
① Baxter W F. Bank interchange of transactional paper:legal and economic perspectives[J].Journal of Law and Economics.1983,26(3):541-558.
② Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole.Cooperation among competitions:some economics of payment card associations[J].Rand Journal of Economics.2002,33(4):549-570
③ Wright J. Determinants of optimal interchange fees in payments systems[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics.2003,52(1):1-26.
① Bolt W, Tieman A T. Pricing debit card payment services:an 10 approach[J].IMF working paper.2003,No.202.
② Guthrie G, Wright J. Competing payment schemes. NUS working paper.2003,No.0311.
③ Jean Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole. Externalities and regulation in card payment systems[J].Review of Network Economics.2006,(5):1-14.
④ White L J. Market definition and market power in payment card networks:some comments and considerations.Review of Network Economics.2006,5(1):61-71.
⑤ Gans J,King S. The role of interchange fees in credit card association:competititioon annlysis and regulatory issue.Australian businessLawReview[J].2001,29(2):94-122.
⑥ Kind H J, Nilssen T, Sorgard L. Financing of media firms:does competition matter?center for International Economics and Shipping working paper.2005,NO.6.
① Anderson P S. Broadcast competition:commercial and pay-tv.Media Economics Workshop in Bergen working paper.2003,N0.64.
② Anderson P S,Coat S. Market provision of broadcasting:a welfare analysis Review of Economic Studies.2005,72(4):974-972.
③ Ferrando J J, Gabszewicz J.Laussel D.Nathalie S.Two-sided network effects and competition:an application to media industries.CORE working paper,2004,NO.06.
④ Dukes A,Gal-or E.Negotiations and exclusivity contracts for advertising. Marketing Science,2003,22(20:222-45.
⑤ Gal-Or E,Dukes A.Minimum differentiation in commercial media markets.Journal of Economics & Management Strategy.2003,12(3):291-235.
⑥ Jeon D S,Rochet J C. The pricing of academic journals:a two-sided market perspective.IDEI working paper.2007,NO.458.
① Barros P,kind H J, Nilssen T,Sorgard L. Media competition on the internet perspective.IDEI working paper.2007,NO.458.
② Thomas C. A strategic guide on two-sided markets applied to the ISP market.MRPA working paper.2007.NO.2602.
③ Gaudeu A, Jullien B. E-commerce,two-sided markets and info-mediation.Communications & Strategies.2006,16(1):17-35.
④ Katsamakas E,Bakos Y. Design and ownership of two-sided networks.Jounal of Economic Perspectives,2005,19(2):99-120.
⑤ Armstrong M, Wright J. Mobile call termination in the UK. MRPA working paper.2007,NO.2344.
① Derk Bergemann and Juuso Valimaki(1997).Market Diffusion with Two-sided Learning.RAND Journal of Economics Vol.28 No.4,Winter 1997.pp.773-795
① 吴军.浪潮之巅[J].北京：电子工业出版社,2011(8),pp.126-127
② 吴军.浪潮之巅[J].北京：电子工业出版社,2011(8),pp.352
① Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole, Platform Competition in Two-sided Markets[J] Journal of the European Economic Association,Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2003a,pp.990-1029.
③ Carl Shapiro,Hal Va rian.Information Rules:A Strategic Guide to the Netw.rk Economy[M],Harvard Business School Press,1997.pp.229.
① 张雷.媒介革命：西方注意力经济学派研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2009.pp.3.
① Schmid, H. (2009), Economy of Fascination:Dubai and Las Vegas as Themed Urban Landscapes, Stuttgart, Berlin: E. Schweizerbart science publishers, ISBN 978-3-443-37014-5, http://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/artno/008001100.
② 谢小军,沈青波.注意力经济与高职院校图书馆信息服务营销[J].沈阳：图书馆学刊,2012(12).
③ 金源云,李国强.注意力经济模式下的城市品牌打造----以石家庄为例[J].昆明：学术探索,2012(8).
④ 美国的社交网络包括facebook,twtter等,中国的社交网络包括“人人网”,QQ等.
⑤ James K. Galbraith and Travis Hale (2004). Income Distribution and the Information Technology Bubble. University of Texas Inequality Project Working Paper
⑥ 吴国强,张仁玉.剖析美国互联网经济泡沫[J].北京：商品与质量理论研究,2011(6).pp.25.
① 徐光远,李贤等.当代西方经济学十大理论热点----近年来诺贝尔经济学奖获得者主要理论研究[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2008年1月.pp.165.
① Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole, Platform Competition in Two-sided Markets[J] Journal of the European Economic Association,Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2003,pp.990-1029.
② Mark Armstrong. Competition in Two-sided Markets [J]. RAND Journal of Economics Vol.37, No.3, Autumn 2006pp.668-691
① Caillaud, Bernard and Bruno Jullien (2003) "Chicken & Egg:Competition among Intermediation Service Providers", The RAND Journal of Economics, Vol.34, No.2.(Summer), pp.309-328
② Bernard Caillaud and Bruno Jullien, Chicken & Egg:Competition among Intermediation Service Providers, The RAND Journal of Economics, Vol.34, No.2 (Summer,2003), pp.309-328
② 《国家竞争优势》,PP：6
① 波特,《国家竞争优势》,pp657
① [英]苏珊·斯特兰奇著,杨宇光等译.国家与市场：国际政治经济学导论[M].经济科学出版社,1990.
[1][德]阿尔弗雷德·韦伯.工业区位论(1909)[M].北京：商务印书馆,2010(10).
[2][美]阿尔文·托夫勒著,朱志炎潘琪张焱译.第三次浪潮[M].三联书店新华书店,1983(3).
[3]安筱鹏.电子信息产业发展模式的探讨[J].现代经济探讨,2005(7).
[4][美]保罗·克鲁格曼毛瑞斯·奥伯斯法尔德(著),黄卫平等(译).国际经济学-理论与政策(第八版)[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2011.
[5][瑞典]伯尔蒂尔·俄林,王继祖等译校.地区间贸易和国际贸易[M].上海：商务印书馆,1986.
[6]蔡国成.双边市场中平台企业的捆绑销售策略研究[D].福建：厦门大学(硕士论文),2009.
[7]陈瑾玫.中国产业效应研究[D].辽宁：辽宁大学(博士论文).2007.
[8]陈文栋.华为的国际化-中国式基业长青的国际化思维-从优秀到卓越的国际化路径[M].深圳：海天出版社.
[9][英]大卫·李嘉图(著),周洁(译).政治经济学及赋税原理[M].西方经济学圣经译丛.华夏出版社,2009.
[10]费宇,关赟,李娟.区域主导产业选择的定量分析[J].云南财经大学学报,2009年第4期
[11]冯赫.关于战略性新兴产业发展的若干思考[J].经济研究参考,2010年43期
[12]傅培瑜.我国战略性新兴产业发展的研究[D].大连：东北财经大学(硕士论文).2010.
[13][德]弗里德里希·李斯特.政治经济学的国民体系(西方经济学圣经译丛)[M].华夏出版社,2009.
[14][美]弗里茨·马克卢普(Fritz Machlup).《美国的知识生产与分配》[M].中国人民大学出版社,2007-2007-10-1(ISBN:9787300085661,译者：孙耀君).
[15]韩小威.经济全球化背景下中国产业政策有效性问题研究[D].2006.吉林大学(博士论文).
[16]贺静.我国信息技术产业竞争力分析-以长三角地区为例[D].同济大学(硕士论文),2008年1月.
[17][美]HollyMoore著高会生刘童娜李聪聪译Matlab使用教程(第二版)[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2010年1月.
[18]黄兆银.论战略性贸易和产业政策的理论及其意义[J].经济评论,2001年第1期.
[19]黄育馥.美国人力资源政策与实施[J].国外社会科学,2004年3期.
[20]江泽民(2008).新时期我国信息技术产业的发展[J].上海交通大学学报,2008年10期
[21]江小娟.中国推行产业政策中的公共选择问题[J].经济研究,1993年第6期.
[22]姜大鹏,顾新.我国战略性新兴产业的现状分析[J].科技进步与对策,2010年第17期.
[23][美]卡尔.夏皮罗,哈尔.瓦里安著,张帆译.信息规则----网络经济的策略指导[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2000(6)
[24]李泉.双边市场价格理论及其产业应用研究：以软件产业为例[D].上海：上海交通大学(博士学位论文).
[25]李晓华,吕铁.战略性新兴产业的特征与政策导向研究.[J].宏观经济研究,2010(9).
[26]李敬辉.新时期中国产业政策研究[D].2005.黑龙江：哈尔滨工业大学(博士论文).
[27]李颋.全球信息产业竞争格局和竞争模式处于变革之中.http://yjs.cena.com.cn/a/2012-08-03/134395886670482.shtml,2012/8/19.
[28]李晨韦有周李秋淮.印度服务外包发展及其对我国中西部地区的启示[J].他山之石,2012(1).
[29]林元旦郭中原.印度硅谷——班加罗尔成功的奥秘——论印度政府对信息产业的扶植[J].中国行政管理2001(8)
[30]刘勇燕,郭丽峰.美国信息产业政策启示[J].中国科技论坛,2011(5)
[31]卢明华李国平.全球电子信息产业价值链及对我国的启示[J].北京大学学报,2004年7期.
[32][美]罗伯特·吉尔平(Gilpin.R)著,宋新宁,杜建平译.世界政治中的战争与变革[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2007年.
[33][英]马歇尔著,廉运杰译.经济学原理[M].华夏出版社,2005年1月.
[34][美]迈克尔·波特(Micale Porter),李明轩、邱如美译、郑风田校,《国家竞争战略》[M],北京--华夏出版社,2002(1).
[35]马健.信息产业融合与产业结构升级[J].产业经济研究,2003年2期.
[36]孟令娟吴宗杰.韩国信息产业发展经验及对中国的启示[J].山东理工大学学报,2006(9).
[37]牛立超.战略性新兴产业发展与演进研究[D].北京：首都经济贸易大学.2011.
[38]卜永祥.美国大学与产业间的技术转让[J].科学学与科学技术管理,1994.
[39]乔为国.美国信息技术产业成长中政府政策及启示[J].中国科技论坛,2007年8月
[40][美]乔治·J·斯蒂格勒著,王永钦薛锋译.产业组织[M].上海：上海三联出版社,上海人民出版社,2006.
[41][美]乔治·J·施蒂格勒著,潘正民译.产业组织与政府管制[M],上海：上海人民出版社,上海三联书店,1996
[42]石培华.注意力经济[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2000.
[43]苏东水.产业经济学[M]第三版.高等教育出版社出版,2010.
[44][英]苏珊·斯特兰奇著,杨宇光等译.国家与市场：国际政治经济学导论[M].经济科学出版社,1990.
[45]束军意.发展模式、政府作用、优惠政策--美、日、印信息产业发展比较[J].北京理工大学学报,2001(11)
[46]施正荣.再造宏基：开创、成长与挑战[M].台北：天下远见出版公司,2004.
[47][法]泰勒尔,张维迎总译校.产业组织理论[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1997.
[48]童昕,王缉慈.硅谷—新竹—东莞：透视信息技术产业的全球生产网络[J].科技导报,1999年9期.
[49]汪丁丁.“注意力”的经济学描述[J].经济研究,2000(10)
[50]王高雄等编.常微分方程[M]北京：高等教育出版社,2006年7月
[51]王忠宏,石光.发展战略性新兴产业推进产业结构调整[J].中国发展观察,2010年第1期
[52]万钢.把握全球产业调整机遇培育和发展战略性新兴产业[J].求是,2010年第1期
[53]文晓立.我国信息技术产业上市公司规模及业绩研究[J].华南师范大学(硕士论文),2004年6月.
[54]乌家培.中国信息产业的现状展望与对策建议[J].中国软科学,1997(7).。
[55]乌家培.网络经济及其对经济理论的影响[J].学术研究,2000(1).
[56]吴军.浪潮之籁[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2011(8).
[57]肖兴志等.发展战略、产业升级与战略性新兴产业选择[J].财经问题研究,2010(7).
[58]肖兴志主编.中国战略性新兴产业发展研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2011(6).
[59]许晶华.信息产业分类体系比较研究[J].情报学报2001年5月.P618-624.
[60]闫禹.IT产业国际分工研究[D].2008年5月.沈阳：辽宁大学(博士论文).
[61]袁勤俭.美国产业分类体系的演化[J].统计与信息论坛.2005年1月.P29-32.
[62]亚当·普沃斯基著,郦菁、张燕等译.《国家与市场-政治经济学入门》[M].上海：格致出版社,2003出版.
[63]余菁.信息技术(IT)产业竞争战略[J].北京：中国社会科学院研究生院.2001.
[64]赵刚.战略性新兴产业的国际经验与我国的对策[J].科技成果纵横,2010年(1).
[65]张才明,信息技术经济学框架研究[D].2008年6月.北京：北京交通大学(博士论文).
[66]张铭洪杜云.网络经济学教程[M].北京：科学出版社,2010(2)
[67]张雷.注意力经济学[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2002.
[68]张雷.媒介革命：西方注意力经济学派研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2009.
[69]张力群.印度经济增长研究[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2009(11).
[70]周菲,王宁.芬兰发展战略性新兴产业的经验与启示[J].2010(2).
[71][日]植草益.微观规制经济学[M].北京：中国发展出版社,1992
[72]朱瑞博.中国战略性新兴产业培育及其政策取向[J].改革,2010(3).
[73]中华人民共和国信息产业部,软件服务业司.软件和信息技术服务业“十二五”发展规划[J]. http://rjfwys.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11295227/n11298133/14632046.html2010年4月6日.
[74]中华人民共和国信息产业部,软件服务业司.鼓励软件产业和集成电路产业发展的若干政策.http://rjfwys.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11295227/n11298133/11648303.html2000年06月30日.
[75]中华人民共和国信息产业部,电子信息司.电子信息制造业“十二五”发展规划.2012年2月24日http://dzs.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11295210/n11298313/14473995.html.
[76]中华人民共和国信息产业部,电子信息司.集成电路产业“十二五”发展规划[J].2012年2月24日http://dzs.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11295210/n11298313/14474049.html.
[77]中华人民共和国信息产业部,通信发展局.下一代互联网“十二五”发展建设的意[J]见http://txs.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11295244/n11297923/14537737.html2012/8/18.
[78]中华人民共和国信息产业部,信息化推进司.国务院办公厅关于加快电子商务发展的若干意见[J]http://xxhs.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11505629/n11506609/n11968195/n11968360/n11968435/12 383657.html2012/8/18.
[79]中华人民共和国商务部电子商务和信息化司.中国电子商务报告(2010—2011)[J].http://eb.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/o/ad/201206/20120608194554.html2012/8/18
[1]Adams,W.J.,Yellen,J.L.Commodity Bundling and the Burden of Monopoly[J].Quaterly Joural of Economics, (1976),90:475-498.
[2]Aiginger, K. (2007). Industrial policy:A dying breed or A re-emerging phoenix[J]. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade,7(3-4),297-323. doi:10.1007/s 10842-007-0025-7.
[3]Anderson P S. Broadcast competition:commercial and pay-tv.Media Economics Workshop in Bergen working paper.2003,NO.64.
[4]Anderson P S,Coat S. Market provision of broadcasting:a welfare analysis Review of Economic Studies.2005,72(4):974-972.
[5]Andrei Hagiu. Proprietary vs. Open Two-sided platforms and Social Efficiency[J].Harvard Business School working paper.2006 (3)
[6]Andrei Hagiu.Two-sided platforms:Pricing and Social Efficiency[J].RIETI working paper NO.04035.2004 (1),
[7]Armstrong, M. The Theory of Access Pricing and Interconnection, in:Cave, M. et al. (eds.):Handbook of Telecommunications Economics, (2002)Volume 1, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
[8]Armstrong,M., Competition in Two-sided Markets[J]. The RAND Journal of Economics, (2006)
[9]Armstrong,M and Wright,J. Two-sided market,competitive bottlenecks and exclusive contracts[J].EconomicTheory (2007) 32:353-380
[10]Armstrong M, Wright J. Mobile call termination in the UK. MRPA working paper.2007,NO.2344.
[11]Arthur,B. Competing technologies,increasing returns,and lock-in by historical events[J].Economic Journal 1989.99
[12]Barros P,kind H J, Nilssen T,Sorgard L. Media competition on the internet perspective.IDEI working paper.2007,NO.458.
[13]Baxter W F. Bank interchange of transactional paper:legal and economic perspectives[J].Journal of Law and Economics.1983,26(3):541-558.
[14]Bolt W, Tieman A T. Pricing debit card payment services:an 10 approach[J].IMF working paper. 2003,No.202.
[15]Caillaud, Bernard & Jullien, Bruno, Chicken&egg:competition among intermediation service providers[J].RAND Journal of Economics, Vol.34, No.2, Summer 2003, pp.309-328, (2003)
[16]Carl Shapiro, Hal Varian. Information Rules:A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy[M], Harvard Business School Press,1997.
[17]Dukes A,Gal-or E.Negotiations and exclusivity contracts for advertising. Marketing Science,2003,22(20:222-45.
[18]Economides, N., The Economics of Networks[J]. International Journalof Industrial Organization vol.14,no.2 (March 1996)
[19]Economides, N., Desirability of Compatibility in the Absence of Network Externalities[J]. American Economic Review 78 (1),1989, pp.108-121.
[20]Economides, N. Network Economics with Application to Finance, Financial Markets[J]. Institutions & Instruments 2 (5),1993a,pp.89-97.
[21]Economides, N., A Monopolist's Incentive to Invite Competitors to Enter in Telecommunications Services, in:G. Pogorel ed.[J]. Global Telecommunications Servicesand Technological Changes, (Elsevier, Amsterdam),1993b.
[22]Economides, N., Network Externalities, Complementarities, and Invitations to Enter[J]. European Journal of Political Economy.1996.
[23]Economides, N. and F. Flyer, Technical Standards Coalitions for Network Goods[J],Discussion Paper no. EC-95-12, Stern School of Business, N.Y.U.1995.
[24]Economides, N., and S.C. Salop, Competition and Integration among Complements, and Network Market Structure[J], Journal of Industrial Economics 40 (1),1992,pp.105-123.34.
[25]Economides, N. and R.A. Schwartz, Electronic Call Market Trading, Journal of Portfolio Management 21 (3), (Spring 1995),pp.10-18.
[26]Economides, N. and L.J. White, Networks and Compatibility:Implications for Antitrust[J]. European Economic Review 38,1994, pp.651-662.
[27]Evans, David S. Some Empirical Aspects of Multi-sided Platform Industries[J]. Review of Network Economics,2003a,2(3):191-209
[28]Evans, David S., The Antitrust Economics of Multi-Sided Platform Markets[J]. Yale Journal on Regulation vol.20, no.2,2003b:325-381.
[29]Francis.A. and P.K.Tharakan. The Competitiveness of European Industry, Routledge, London and New York,1989.
[30]Farrell, J. and G. Salone. Standardization, Compatibility, and Innovation[J]. Rand Journal of Economics 16, pp70-83,1985.
[31]Farrell, J.and G. Saloner. Installed Base and Compatibility:Innovation, Product,Preannouncement, and Predation[J]. American Economic Review 76,pp 940-955,1986.
[32]Farrell, J.and G. Saloner. Standardization and Variety[J]. Economics Letters 20,pp 71-74,1986.
[33]Farrell, J.and G. Saloner. Economic Issues in Standardization [J]. in:J. Miller, ed., Telecommunications and Equity, (North Holland, Amsterdam).1986.
[34]Farrell, J. and G. Saloner. Competition, Compatibility and Standards:The Economics of Horses, Penguins, and Lemmings, in:Landis Gabel, ed.[J]. Product Standardization and Competitive Strategy, (North Holland),1987.
[35]Farrell, J. and G. Saloner. Coordination Through Committees and Markets[J], Rand Journal of Economics 19 (2), pp235-252,1988.
[36]Farrell, J. and G. Saloner. Converters, Compatibility, and the Control of Interfaces[J], Journal of Industrial Economics 40 (1), pp9-36.1992.
[37]Ferrando J J, Gabszewicz J,Laussel D,Nathalie S.Two-sided network effects and competition:an application to media industries.CORE working paper,2004,NO.06.
[38]Gans J,King S. The role of interchange fees in credit card association:competititioon annlysis and regulatory issue.Australian businessLawReview[J].2001,29(2):94-122.
[39]Gal-Or E,Dukes A.Minimum differentiation in commercial media markets.Journal of Economics & Management Strategy.2003,12(3):291-235.
[40]Gaudeu A, Jullien B. E-commerce/two-sided markets and info-mediation.Communications & Strategies.2006,16(1):17-35.
[41]Georg Franck. The Economy of Attention[J]. Telepolis July 1999.
[42]George J. Stigler. United States v. Loew's Inc:A Note on Block Booking[J]. The Supreme Court Review,1963,pp.152-157.
[43]Guthrie G, Wright J. Competing payment schemes. NUS working paper.2003,No.0311.
[44]Ha-Joon Chang. Under-explored Treasure Troves of Development Lessons Lessons from the Histories of Small Rich European Countries (SRECs).2008.
[45]Ha-Joon Chang. Kicking away the ladder:development strategy in historical perspective. Anthem Press.2002.
[46]Holmes, P. (1993). Towards a common industrial policy in the EC?[J]. European Business Journal, 5(4),25-25.
[47]Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole.Cooperation among competitions:some economics of payment card associations[J].Rand Journal of Economics.2002,33(4):549-570
[48]Jean Charles Rochet, Jean Tirole, Platform Competition in Two-sided Markets[J] Journal of the European Economic Association,Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2003a,pp.990-1029.
[49]Jean-Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole. "An Economic Analysis of the Determination of Interchange Fees in Payment Card Systems,"Review of Network Economics, Berkeley Electronic Press, vol.2(2), 2003b,pages 2
[50]Jean Charles Rochet & Jean, Tirole. Defining Two-Sided Markets[J]. Preliminary.2004(1).
[51]Jean Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole. Externalities and regulation in card payment systems[J].Review of Network Economics.2006,(5):1-14.
[52]Jean Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole. "Two-sided markets:a progress report,"RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol.37(3),,2006, pp.645-667,09.
[53]Jean Charles Rochet & Jean, Tirole. "Tying in two-sided markets and the honor all cards rule,"International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol.26(6),,2008, pages 1333-1347, November
[54]Jean Tirole, The Theory of Industrial Organization[J], MIT Press,1987.
[55]Jeon D S,Rochet J C. The pricing of academic journals:a two-sided market perspective.IDEI working paper.2007,NO.458.
[56]Katsamakas E,Bakos Y. Design and ownership of two-sided networks.Jounal of Economic Perspectives,2005,19(2):99-120.
[57]Katz, M. and C. Shapiro, Network Externalities, Competition and Compatibility[J], AmericanEconomic Review 75 (3),1985,pp.424-440.
[58]Katz, M. and C. Shapiro, Systems Competition and Network Effects[J], Journal of EconomicPerspectives 8 (2),1994,pp.93-115.
[59]Kind H J, Nilssen T, Sorgard L.Financing of media firms:does competition matter?center for International Economics and Shipping working paper.2005,NO.6.
[60]M.D.Whinston.Tying,Foreclosure,and,Exclusion[J].AmercanEconomic review,1990,80,pp.837-859.
[61]M.U. Porat. The Information Economy:Definition and Measurement. Washington, D.C. USA. 1977.
[62]Etzioni, A. (1992). Caution:Industrial policy is coming[J]. Challenge,35(5),58-58.
[63]MingChun Sun and Edison Tse, When Does the Winner Take All in Two-Sided Markets? [J], Review of Network Economics. Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages-, ISSN (Online) 1446-9022, DOI: 10.2202/1446-9022.1108, March 2007.
[64]Mingo, S. (2009). Essays on industrial policy, strategy, and entrepreneurship[D]. Harvard University).
[65]Michael H. Goldhaber. The Attention Economy:The Nature Economy of the Net[J]. First Monday,April 1997. http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue24/goldhaber/index.html.
[66]Nezu, R. (2007). Industrial policy in japan[J]. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade,7(3-4), 229-243. doi:10.1007/s10842-007-0018-6.
[67]Nocke, Volker.Peitz, Martin. Stahl, Konrad. PLATFORM OWNERSHIP[J]. Journal of the European Economic Association, vol.5. Blackwell Publishing Ltd,1542-4774,1130-1160,2007.
[68]Richard Schmalensee. Commodity Bunding by Single-Product Monopolies[J]. Journal of Law and Economics,1982,25,pp.67-71.
[69]Reisinger M. Two-sided markets with negative externalities[J]. University of Munich 2004,pp.478.
[70]Samuelson, P. A. (1948). "International Trade and the Equalisation of Factor Prices"[J], Economic Journal, June, pp.163-184.
[71]S.J.Liebowiz,Rethinking the Networked Economy:The True Forces Driving the Digital Marketplace[M], Amacom,2002.
[72]Sujit Chakravorti, Roberto Roson. Platform competition in two-sided markets:the case of payment networks[J]. Review of Network Economics, Berkeley Electronic Press,2006,vol.5(1), pages 8.
[73]T.H. Davenport and J.C. Beck. The Attention Economy:Understanding the New Currency of Business[J]. Harvard Business School Press,2001.
[74]Thomas Eisenmann,Geoffrey Parker,Marshall Van Alstyne.Platform Envelopment[J].Strategic Management Journal.32:1270-1285(2011).
[75]Thomas C. A strategic guide on two-sided markets applied to the ISP market.MRPA working paper.2007.NO.2602.
[76]Ward S. Bowman. Tying Arrangement and The Leverage Problem[J]. Yale Law Journal, 1957,67(1):pp.19-36.
[77]Watson, D. (1993). European industrial policy-fact or fantasy?[J]. European Business Journal, 5(3),8-8.
[78]White L J. Market definition and market power in payment card networks:some comments and considerations.Review of Network Economics.2006,5(1):61-71.
[79]William J. Baumol, John C. Panzar,& Robert D. Willig (1982). Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure.
[80]Wright J. Determinants of optimal interchange fees in payments systems[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics.2003,52(1):1-26.
[81]Wright J. One-sided logic in two-sided markets[J].Review of Network Economics.2004,3(1):44-64.
[82]Wright J, Kaiser U. Price structure in two-sided markets:evidence from the magazine industry[J]. International Journal If Industrial Organization.2006,24(1):1-28.