我国资源再生产业集群化及其影响因素研究
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摘要
循环经济是被世界各国广泛认可的解决资源和环境危机的有效经济发展模式,资源再生产业是循环经济物质代谢形成闭环循环的唯一逆向物流产业,大力发展资源再生产业是成功推进循环经济的关键。本世纪以来,我国资源再生产业在循环经济背景下迅速发展,产业规模不断扩大,一批专业化产业园区纷纷规划建设,但产业总体经营秩序混乱、企业规模小、工艺技术水平低下、二次污染问题严重,一些新建产业园区往往处于“无米下锅”的尴尬局面。因此如何尽快制定产业发展战略和模式,以加速产业优化和升级,成为亟待解决的问题。产业集群发展模式在诸多产业中的成功案例,为资源再生产业的发展提供了很有价值的参考方向。基于此,本文从产业集群视角,对我国资源再生产业集群发展的可行性和形成影响因素进行深入分析,主要研究内容和结论如下:
首先,本文从基本概念界定入手,以产业集群形成理论、循环经济理论和外部性理论为基础,解析出我国资源再生产业特征,并基于此从产业集群形成条件、外部性理论视角和全球价值链视角,深度剖析了资源再生产业集群形成原因,并结合对我国资源再生产业集群的定量辨识结果,认为集群化发展模式是资源再生产业的发展方向。
其次,在资源再生产业集群发展可行的结论下,展开对我国资源再生产业集群形成影响因素的探究。本文借助产业集群形成的丰富理论和诸多产业集群案例,采用文献研究方法,遴选可能的影响因素,并结合资源再生产业特征进行推理分析,设计专家调查问卷进行统计调研测量,通过对结果进行统计分析构建我国资源再生产业集群形成影响因素理论模型,该模型由14个关键影响因素构成,分为聚集影响因素和区位影响因素两个维度下的5个主因子:政府干预因子、产业结构因子、供需因子、成本因子和市场特征因子,为我国资源再生产业集群形成问题研究提供理论框架。
再次,借助资源再生产业集群区位影响因素理论框架,对我国资源再生产业集群区位选择问题进行实证研究。本文采用计量经济分析方法,构建面板数据分析模型,该模型分析结果表明:地区资源需求产生的拉动力、低运输成本的吸引力和地方政府支持的推动力,是目前我国资源再生产业集群区位选择的主要动力源。综合考虑相应理论基础和实证研究结果,对其他区位影响因素进了取舍和大胆预测,构建了我国资源再生产业集群区位选择理论模型,为我国资源再生产业宏观布局提供决策依据。
最后,结合本文主要研究结论,分别在政府、中介组织机构和集群成员企业三个层面提出了相应的对策建议。
Circular economy is an effective economic development model, which has been widely recognized around the world to deal with resource and environmental crisis. Scrap recycling industry (SRI) is the only reverse material flow industry, which makes the material metabolism of circular economy become a closed-loop. Therefore, it is essential for successfully promoting circular economy by greatly developing SRI. Since this century, rapid development has taken place in China's SRI under circular economy, industrial scale has been expanded continuously and a group of professional industrial parks have been planning and founding. However, the trading level of SRI is still disordered in general, with small scale of enterprise and low technical level. Some new industrial parks are often in an embarrassing situation 'cooking without rice'. It is an urgent problems to solve that how to work out the development strategies and model of SRI as earlier as possible for accelerating the industrial optimization and upgrading. Industrial cluster development model has succeeded in many fields, which can provide a valuable reference direction for SRI. In the view of above all, from the perspective of industrial cluster, the feasibility and formation influential factors of the scrap recycling industrial cluster (SRIC) are further discussed in this dissertation. The main contents and conclusions are as follows:
First of all, staring from definition of the basic concepts in this dissertation, the characteristics of SRI in China are parsed out based on the formation theory of industrial cluster, circular economy theory and externality theory. Then deep analysis of the reasons for the SRIC is conducted from three viewpoints: the formation conditions of industrial cluster, the external theory and the global value chain. Combining with the quantitative identification of China's SRIC, it is believed that industrial cluster development model is the inevitable direction for SRIC.
Secondly, under the conclusion above, formation influential factors of China's SRIC are studied subsequently. Based on the rich formation theory of industrial cluster and many cases of other industrial clusters, using literature research methods, possible influential factors are selected. Combining with the characteristics of SRI, reasoning analysis is carried out and an expert questionnaire investigation is designed for statistical measurement. According to the statistical analysis on the results of survey, a model of formation influential factors of China's SRIC is constructed. This model is composed of 14 key influential factors, which are divided into two dimensions aggregation factor and location factor with five principal factors: government intervention factor, industrial structure factor, supply and demand factors, cost factors and market characteristics factor. It can provide a theoretical framework for the studies of the formation of SRIC in China.
Thirdly, empirical research on the issue of location selecting of China's SRIC is completed in the location factors theoretical framework for SRIC. A panel data analysis model is set up using econometric analysis method, whose results showed that the pulling force generated from regional resource requirements, the attractive force derived from low transportation costs and the driving force given by local governments support are the main power source for location selecting of China's SRIC. Furthermore, related theoretical foundation and empirical findings are together taken into considerations, then some other location influential factors are remained or rejected and boldly predicted. At last a theoretical model for location selecting of China's SRIC is constructed, which can provide a decision-making basis for macro layout of SRI.
Finally, combing with the main conclusions, countermeasures and suggestions are proposed in three levels, namely government, intermediary organizations and enterprises.
首先,本文从基本概念界定入手,以产业集群形成理论、循环经济理论和外部性理论为基础,解析出我国资源再生产业特征,并基于此从产业集群形成条件、外部性理论视角和全球价值链视角,深度剖析了资源再生产业集群形成原因,并结合对我国资源再生产业集群的定量辨识结果,认为集群化发展模式是资源再生产业的发展方向。
其次,在资源再生产业集群发展可行的结论下,展开对我国资源再生产业集群形成影响因素的探究。本文借助产业集群形成的丰富理论和诸多产业集群案例,采用文献研究方法,遴选可能的影响因素,并结合资源再生产业特征进行推理分析,设计专家调查问卷进行统计调研测量,通过对结果进行统计分析构建我国资源再生产业集群形成影响因素理论模型,该模型由14个关键影响因素构成,分为聚集影响因素和区位影响因素两个维度下的5个主因子:政府干预因子、产业结构因子、供需因子、成本因子和市场特征因子,为我国资源再生产业集群形成问题研究提供理论框架。
再次,借助资源再生产业集群区位影响因素理论框架,对我国资源再生产业集群区位选择问题进行实证研究。本文采用计量经济分析方法,构建面板数据分析模型,该模型分析结果表明:地区资源需求产生的拉动力、低运输成本的吸引力和地方政府支持的推动力,是目前我国资源再生产业集群区位选择的主要动力源。综合考虑相应理论基础和实证研究结果,对其他区位影响因素进了取舍和大胆预测,构建了我国资源再生产业集群区位选择理论模型,为我国资源再生产业宏观布局提供决策依据。
最后,结合本文主要研究结论,分别在政府、中介组织机构和集群成员企业三个层面提出了相应的对策建议。
Circular economy is an effective economic development model, which has been widely recognized around the world to deal with resource and environmental crisis. Scrap recycling industry (SRI) is the only reverse material flow industry, which makes the material metabolism of circular economy become a closed-loop. Therefore, it is essential for successfully promoting circular economy by greatly developing SRI. Since this century, rapid development has taken place in China's SRI under circular economy, industrial scale has been expanded continuously and a group of professional industrial parks have been planning and founding. However, the trading level of SRI is still disordered in general, with small scale of enterprise and low technical level. Some new industrial parks are often in an embarrassing situation 'cooking without rice'. It is an urgent problems to solve that how to work out the development strategies and model of SRI as earlier as possible for accelerating the industrial optimization and upgrading. Industrial cluster development model has succeeded in many fields, which can provide a valuable reference direction for SRI. In the view of above all, from the perspective of industrial cluster, the feasibility and formation influential factors of the scrap recycling industrial cluster (SRIC) are further discussed in this dissertation. The main contents and conclusions are as follows:
First of all, staring from definition of the basic concepts in this dissertation, the characteristics of SRI in China are parsed out based on the formation theory of industrial cluster, circular economy theory and externality theory. Then deep analysis of the reasons for the SRIC is conducted from three viewpoints: the formation conditions of industrial cluster, the external theory and the global value chain. Combining with the quantitative identification of China's SRIC, it is believed that industrial cluster development model is the inevitable direction for SRIC.
Secondly, under the conclusion above, formation influential factors of China's SRIC are studied subsequently. Based on the rich formation theory of industrial cluster and many cases of other industrial clusters, using literature research methods, possible influential factors are selected. Combining with the characteristics of SRI, reasoning analysis is carried out and an expert questionnaire investigation is designed for statistical measurement. According to the statistical analysis on the results of survey, a model of formation influential factors of China's SRIC is constructed. This model is composed of 14 key influential factors, which are divided into two dimensions aggregation factor and location factor with five principal factors: government intervention factor, industrial structure factor, supply and demand factors, cost factors and market characteristics factor. It can provide a theoretical framework for the studies of the formation of SRIC in China.
Thirdly, empirical research on the issue of location selecting of China's SRIC is completed in the location factors theoretical framework for SRIC. A panel data analysis model is set up using econometric analysis method, whose results showed that the pulling force generated from regional resource requirements, the attractive force derived from low transportation costs and the driving force given by local governments support are the main power source for location selecting of China's SRIC. Furthermore, related theoretical foundation and empirical findings are together taken into considerations, then some other location influential factors are remained or rejected and boldly predicted. At last a theoretical model for location selecting of China's SRIC is constructed, which can provide a decision-making basis for macro layout of SRI.
Finally, combing with the main conclusions, countermeasures and suggestions are proposed in three levels, namely government, intermediary organizations and enterprises.
引文
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