国有农业企业经营者胜任力研究
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摘要
“三农问题”关系到党和国家的全局发展之根本,发展现代农业、推进农业产业化是现阶段的核心要务。作为具有辐射和带动全局作用的国有农业企业,其经营者的关键作用成为这场战略的重点。目前已有一些企业经营者的胜任力研究,但兼备农业行业特性和浓郁国企特色的国有农业企业经营者的胜任特征不可简单叠加与替代,针对这一研究空白,本文将对国有农业企业经营者胜任力模型展开研究,以便于为国有农业企业经营者的发展与引导、选拔与培训等实际工作提供重要的理论基础。
为此,本文结合农业的行业特殊性和国有企业的特色,在初始胜任特征要素凝炼时,从胜任力要素的需求和供给两个层面着手。在需求层面分别对中国农业政策中所包含的农业企业经营者素质要求和国有企业经营者公开招聘中的胜任需求进行分析,其中前者着眼于宏观政策、偏重于一般性分析,后者侧重于具体需求、偏重于个性化分析;在供给层面则对国有农业企业经营者职业目标价值取向及其与胜任特征之间的映射关系进行分析和对优秀中小型国有农业企业经营者进行关键行为事件访谈分析,其中前者着眼于映射关系推理、偏重于一般性分析,后者侧重于个体访谈显现的具体需求、偏重于个性化分析。
基于理论分析和调查研究,论文共归类提炼出52条初始胜任力特征条目。请教专家后,对初始胜任力特征条目进行相近合并、歧意删减,最终形成了21条胜任力要素。以此为基础构建量表,并以中小型国有农业企业负责人和大型国有农业企业总部职能部门负责人为调查对象,分别取样进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,构建并验证中小型国有农业企业经营者胜任力结构模型。
研究发现:中小型国有农业企业经营者的胜任力特征由职业需求、管理技能、人际特征和个人特质4个维度、共18个要素组成,4个维度互为补充、相互影响,共同构成了中小型国有农业企业经营者胜任力结构模型。经与同类研究进行对比分析,可以发现模型中市场应变能力、基层沟通、技术专长和政治修养4个要素突出反映了行业特征和企业所有制形式的需求,体现了模型的独特性。从各维度的路径系数可以看出:职业需求因子和管理技能因子发挥更为重要的作用,经营者的胜任能力更多的来自这两个维度的影响。
“The Three Agriculture Issues”is linked to the overall development of the party and the state; it is the core business to develop the modern agriculture and to prompt industrialization of the agriculture. As the state-owned agribusiness has the radioactive and driving function to the overall economic situation, the key function of its manager has become critical to the strategy. Some studies has been obtained about the competence of the enterprise’s manager, however it can not be simply added and replaced in researching those managers who are characterized with both agriculture and the typical state-owned style. For this reason, this paper makes a research on the model of the mangers’competences in the state-owned agribusiness, the results would provide the important theoretical basis to develop, introduce, select and train mangers in the state-owned agribusiness.
Therefore, following the characteristics of the agriculture and the style of the state-owned enterprises, this paper has extracted the key factors of the initial competence taking into account of need and supply from the competence. Under the need level, an analysis has been made to the requirement of agriculture mangers competences in China agriculture policy and to the competence compliance of the State-owned enterprise in the employment process. The former focuses on the macro policy and lay particular stress on the general analysis, while the latter focuses on the concrete need and lay particular stress on the specific analysis. Under the supply level, an analysis has been made to the mapping relation between the value orientation of the profession objective of the mangers in the state-owned agribusiness and their competence characteristics. In addition, the analysis about interview to the key behaviors of the excellent managers in the middle and small state-owned agribusiness has been made. The former focuses on inferring the mapping relation, lay particularly stresses on the general analysis, while the latter focuses on the concrete requirement in the individual interview and lay particularly stresses on the specific analysis.
Based on the theoretically analysis and investigation, 52 factors of the initial competence have been extracted. After consulting specialists, 21 factors concentrated from those 52 ones. With these 21 factors, a questionnaire checklist is composed, which has been used to survey the managers in the small and middle state-owned agribusiness and those in the headquarters of the large state-owned agribusiness. EFA and CFA have been respectively made in order to build up and validate the competence structural model in the middle and small scale state-owned agribusiness.
The study discoveries that 4 dimensions including the profession demand, management skills, interrelationship and the individual characteristics , altogether 18 elements, have made up into the competence structural model in the middle and small scale state-owned agribusiness. Those 4 dimensions are complemented and interfered with each other. In comparison with the similar study, the market adaptability, bottom level communication, technical expertise and the politics quality have specially indicated the industrial characteristics and the ownership of the enterprise in the model, and this fact embody the specialty of the model itself. Seen from the correlation coefficient of each dimension, the profession demand and management skills play a more important role; the competence mostly comes from the influences of those 2 dimensions.
为此,本文结合农业的行业特殊性和国有企业的特色,在初始胜任特征要素凝炼时,从胜任力要素的需求和供给两个层面着手。在需求层面分别对中国农业政策中所包含的农业企业经营者素质要求和国有企业经营者公开招聘中的胜任需求进行分析,其中前者着眼于宏观政策、偏重于一般性分析,后者侧重于具体需求、偏重于个性化分析;在供给层面则对国有农业企业经营者职业目标价值取向及其与胜任特征之间的映射关系进行分析和对优秀中小型国有农业企业经营者进行关键行为事件访谈分析,其中前者着眼于映射关系推理、偏重于一般性分析,后者侧重于个体访谈显现的具体需求、偏重于个性化分析。
基于理论分析和调查研究,论文共归类提炼出52条初始胜任力特征条目。请教专家后,对初始胜任力特征条目进行相近合并、歧意删减,最终形成了21条胜任力要素。以此为基础构建量表,并以中小型国有农业企业负责人和大型国有农业企业总部职能部门负责人为调查对象,分别取样进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,构建并验证中小型国有农业企业经营者胜任力结构模型。
研究发现:中小型国有农业企业经营者的胜任力特征由职业需求、管理技能、人际特征和个人特质4个维度、共18个要素组成,4个维度互为补充、相互影响,共同构成了中小型国有农业企业经营者胜任力结构模型。经与同类研究进行对比分析,可以发现模型中市场应变能力、基层沟通、技术专长和政治修养4个要素突出反映了行业特征和企业所有制形式的需求,体现了模型的独特性。从各维度的路径系数可以看出:职业需求因子和管理技能因子发挥更为重要的作用,经营者的胜任能力更多的来自这两个维度的影响。
“The Three Agriculture Issues”is linked to the overall development of the party and the state; it is the core business to develop the modern agriculture and to prompt industrialization of the agriculture. As the state-owned agribusiness has the radioactive and driving function to the overall economic situation, the key function of its manager has become critical to the strategy. Some studies has been obtained about the competence of the enterprise’s manager, however it can not be simply added and replaced in researching those managers who are characterized with both agriculture and the typical state-owned style. For this reason, this paper makes a research on the model of the mangers’competences in the state-owned agribusiness, the results would provide the important theoretical basis to develop, introduce, select and train mangers in the state-owned agribusiness.
Therefore, following the characteristics of the agriculture and the style of the state-owned enterprises, this paper has extracted the key factors of the initial competence taking into account of need and supply from the competence. Under the need level, an analysis has been made to the requirement of agriculture mangers competences in China agriculture policy and to the competence compliance of the State-owned enterprise in the employment process. The former focuses on the macro policy and lay particular stress on the general analysis, while the latter focuses on the concrete need and lay particular stress on the specific analysis. Under the supply level, an analysis has been made to the mapping relation between the value orientation of the profession objective of the mangers in the state-owned agribusiness and their competence characteristics. In addition, the analysis about interview to the key behaviors of the excellent managers in the middle and small state-owned agribusiness has been made. The former focuses on inferring the mapping relation, lay particularly stresses on the general analysis, while the latter focuses on the concrete requirement in the individual interview and lay particularly stresses on the specific analysis.
Based on the theoretically analysis and investigation, 52 factors of the initial competence have been extracted. After consulting specialists, 21 factors concentrated from those 52 ones. With these 21 factors, a questionnaire checklist is composed, which has been used to survey the managers in the small and middle state-owned agribusiness and those in the headquarters of the large state-owned agribusiness. EFA and CFA have been respectively made in order to build up and validate the competence structural model in the middle and small scale state-owned agribusiness.
The study discoveries that 4 dimensions including the profession demand, management skills, interrelationship and the individual characteristics , altogether 18 elements, have made up into the competence structural model in the middle and small scale state-owned agribusiness. Those 4 dimensions are complemented and interfered with each other. In comparison with the similar study, the market adaptability, bottom level communication, technical expertise and the politics quality have specially indicated the industrial characteristics and the ownership of the enterprise in the model, and this fact embody the specialty of the model itself. Seen from the correlation coefficient of each dimension, the profession demand and management skills play a more important role; the competence mostly comes from the influences of those 2 dimensions.
引文
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