集成型循环经济模式研究
摘要
随着资源环境与经济发展的矛盾日益突出,人类正面临着经济发展方式的新变革,以低能耗、低物耗、低排放、低污染等为特征的循环经济是未来经济发展方式的必然选择。在此背景下,将生态意识纳入到经济主体的行为规范中去,实现区域的可持续发展就成为循环经济研究的核心问题。而模式作为整合意识与行为的主要途径,长期以来一直是区域循环经济问题研究关注的焦点。因此探寻一种具有较高生态活性的循环经济模式,对于区域经济和社会的可持续发展具有重要意义。基于此,本研究从产业环境管理的视角,以理论与实证相结合的方式,关注区域层面的新型循环经济模式——集成型循环经济模式问题。本论文的主要内容和结论如下:
首先,在回顾已有文献的基础上,构建了集成型循环经济模式。该模式是指产业集群内的各行为主体,以“供应商—客户”关系通过契约或“信任和承诺”方式进行的基于资源高效利用的动态化合作过程。其运作的物质基础是生产和消费中产生的产品、副产品和废弃物。这些物质流以企业内部的清洁生产为契机,在专业分工链条上的生态协作和竞争的作用下,承担了主导产业的生态化职能。同时它们在关联产业间的流通,实现了二者的生态绑定,促进了产业集群生态效率的提升。在此基础上,产业集群凭借在区域发展中的辐射效应,将生态化理念融入区域的经济和文化体系,从而形成了“企业—主导产业—关联产业—产业集群—区域”的生态网络。
其次,在界定集成型循环经济模式的行为表征的基础上,构建了基于“集成型循环经济模式的行为表征—企业内部因素—市场导向因素”的集成型循环经济模式形成路径理论模型,并以中国生产制造类产业集群内企业为样本进行了实证研究。结果表明,企业内部因素对该模式的形成具有显著影响;市场导向因素与模式的行为表征间关系均不显著;市场导向因素和企业内部因素各维度之间显著相关。在此基础上还对异常结果进行了分析和讨论,并获得了相应的管理启示。
第三,在界定集成型循环经济模式治理的内涵和特征的基础上,从治理结构方面探讨了集成型循环经济模式的治理问题。其中从治理结构主体的角度剖析了治理结构主体多元化、主体权利边界性和主体间的互动协作的特征;提出了集成型循环经济模式的共治模式,通过对治理主体的识别和职能分析,构建起由政府、企业、中介服务机构、高校和科研院所以及社区居民多主体构成的共治模型,并获得集成型循环经济模式治理过程中各主体的作用机制。
With the escalation of the conflict between the environment and economic development, a revolutionary development pattern, circular economy with the characters of lower energy consumption, lower material consumption, lower emission and pollution has become an inevitable option in the future. Therefore, the key problem of circular economy is how to put ecological consciousness into the behavioral norm of economic subjects to achieve regional sustainable development. While as the primary approach to incorporate consciousness and behavior, the pattern has been a hot research topic for a long time. The attempts to build a ecologically efficient circular economy pattern could make great contributions to the regional economic and social sustainability. From the perspective of industrial environment management and on the basis of both theoretical and empirical studies, the dissertation creates a new circular economy pattern on the region level, named the integrated circular economy pattern. The main contents of the dissertation are as follows:
First of all, based on literature review, a conceptual and operational framework of the pattern is proposed. In the pattern, various economic subjects in industrial cluster cooperate on "supplier-client" contracts and "trust-commitment" relationships to achieve a highly efficient utilization of resources. The material foundation is the production, by-product and waste in the production and consumption. The material flows undertake ecological function of leading industry on the basis of cleaner production, which depends on ecological cooperation and competition in specification chains. Furthermore, they also flow between the correlative industries and thus, improve the ecological efficiency of the industrial clusters by binding the industries more closely. Consequently, an ecological network incorporating "enterprises—leading industries—correlative industries—industrial cluster—region" is established by synthesizing ecological factors into regional economic and cultural systems which rely on the radiation effect of industrial clusters in regional development.
Secondly, after defining the behavioral characteristics of the integrated circular economy pattern, a path-forming theoretical model following the chain of "behavioral characteristics—enterprise internal factors—market-orientated factors" is proposed and verified with the samples of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The results indicate that the enterprise internal factors are significant to the formulation of the model, while the market-orientated factors do not influence behavioral features significantly. Meanwhile, market factors positively affect the dimensionalities of enterprise internal factors. Furthermore, the abnormal results are analyzed and the related managerial implications are also discussed.
Thirdly, by understanding the connotation and characteristics of governance, the governance structure and mechanism of the integrated circular economy pattern is elaborated. From the structure view, it analyses the subject diversification, right borderline and their cooperation. On this basis, a co-governance model made up of government, enterprise, intermediary service agency, institutions of high education and research, and communities was presented by identifying subjects and their functions. Finally, the dissertation concludes with the discussion of interaction mechanism between various subjects.
首先,在回顾已有文献的基础上,构建了集成型循环经济模式。该模式是指产业集群内的各行为主体,以“供应商—客户”关系通过契约或“信任和承诺”方式进行的基于资源高效利用的动态化合作过程。其运作的物质基础是生产和消费中产生的产品、副产品和废弃物。这些物质流以企业内部的清洁生产为契机,在专业分工链条上的生态协作和竞争的作用下,承担了主导产业的生态化职能。同时它们在关联产业间的流通,实现了二者的生态绑定,促进了产业集群生态效率的提升。在此基础上,产业集群凭借在区域发展中的辐射效应,将生态化理念融入区域的经济和文化体系,从而形成了“企业—主导产业—关联产业—产业集群—区域”的生态网络。
其次,在界定集成型循环经济模式的行为表征的基础上,构建了基于“集成型循环经济模式的行为表征—企业内部因素—市场导向因素”的集成型循环经济模式形成路径理论模型,并以中国生产制造类产业集群内企业为样本进行了实证研究。结果表明,企业内部因素对该模式的形成具有显著影响;市场导向因素与模式的行为表征间关系均不显著;市场导向因素和企业内部因素各维度之间显著相关。在此基础上还对异常结果进行了分析和讨论,并获得了相应的管理启示。
第三,在界定集成型循环经济模式治理的内涵和特征的基础上,从治理结构方面探讨了集成型循环经济模式的治理问题。其中从治理结构主体的角度剖析了治理结构主体多元化、主体权利边界性和主体间的互动协作的特征;提出了集成型循环经济模式的共治模式,通过对治理主体的识别和职能分析,构建起由政府、企业、中介服务机构、高校和科研院所以及社区居民多主体构成的共治模型,并获得集成型循环经济模式治理过程中各主体的作用机制。
With the escalation of the conflict between the environment and economic development, a revolutionary development pattern, circular economy with the characters of lower energy consumption, lower material consumption, lower emission and pollution has become an inevitable option in the future. Therefore, the key problem of circular economy is how to put ecological consciousness into the behavioral norm of economic subjects to achieve regional sustainable development. While as the primary approach to incorporate consciousness and behavior, the pattern has been a hot research topic for a long time. The attempts to build a ecologically efficient circular economy pattern could make great contributions to the regional economic and social sustainability. From the perspective of industrial environment management and on the basis of both theoretical and empirical studies, the dissertation creates a new circular economy pattern on the region level, named the integrated circular economy pattern. The main contents of the dissertation are as follows:
First of all, based on literature review, a conceptual and operational framework of the pattern is proposed. In the pattern, various economic subjects in industrial cluster cooperate on "supplier-client" contracts and "trust-commitment" relationships to achieve a highly efficient utilization of resources. The material foundation is the production, by-product and waste in the production and consumption. The material flows undertake ecological function of leading industry on the basis of cleaner production, which depends on ecological cooperation and competition in specification chains. Furthermore, they also flow between the correlative industries and thus, improve the ecological efficiency of the industrial clusters by binding the industries more closely. Consequently, an ecological network incorporating "enterprises—leading industries—correlative industries—industrial cluster—region" is established by synthesizing ecological factors into regional economic and cultural systems which rely on the radiation effect of industrial clusters in regional development.
Secondly, after defining the behavioral characteristics of the integrated circular economy pattern, a path-forming theoretical model following the chain of "behavioral characteristics—enterprise internal factors—market-orientated factors" is proposed and verified with the samples of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The results indicate that the enterprise internal factors are significant to the formulation of the model, while the market-orientated factors do not influence behavioral features significantly. Meanwhile, market factors positively affect the dimensionalities of enterprise internal factors. Furthermore, the abnormal results are analyzed and the related managerial implications are also discussed.
Thirdly, by understanding the connotation and characteristics of governance, the governance structure and mechanism of the integrated circular economy pattern is elaborated. From the structure view, it analyses the subject diversification, right borderline and their cooperation. On this basis, a co-governance model made up of government, enterprise, intermediary service agency, institutions of high education and research, and communities was presented by identifying subjects and their functions. Finally, the dissertation concludes with the discussion of interaction mechanism between various subjects.
引文
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