汽车产业生态化研究
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摘要
汽车产业生态化研究是汽车产业可持续发展的主要研究领域,本文将生态学理论与汽车产业发展相结合,分析了汽车产业发展所带来的环境影响及其产生的环境成本,研究了汽车产业的生态化设计,建立了汽车产业生态评价体系,提出了汽车产业生态化园区设计规划的总体框架。本文的研究对制订汽车产业政策和发展战略,推动汽车产业的可持续发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。
本文在综合评述国内外产业及汽车产业生态化相关领域研究成果的基础上,进行了汽车产业生态化相关理论的研究,提出并分析了汽车产业生态化的内涵和特征;在结合产品生命周期分析法的基础上,对汽车产品生命周期评价方法作了全面系统的研究,同时建立了汽车生态环境评价矩阵,结合中国汽车产业的实际情况进行了实证研究;在此基础上进行了汽车产品生命周期成本评估方法的研究,提出了汽车产业内部与外部环境成本的评价方法;结合生态学原理进行了汽车产业生态化设计的方法与策略研究;结合汽车产业生态系统理论研究了汽车产业生态园的设计与规划方法,并针对长春市的汽车产业发展情况进行了实证分析;最后论文针对我国汽车产业的发展,提出了汽车产业生态化的政策建议。
At the present time, the continuable development of automobile industry has already been the focus of the all world. We all know the convenience from Automobiles and the automobiles’dominant status in the industry chain, but the speediness development of automobile industry also bring lots of disbennifit ingredient, these ingredient made us to think about some of problems, such as the negative environment impact from the automobiles, and how to evaluate these impacts? In face of the scarce energy sources, which will be the best energy in the side of economy benefit、environment benefit and the social benefit? How to evaluate? The manufacture stage of Automobiles need lots of raw and processed materials, how to evaluate the environment lets from the substances、energy. How to design a healthy and ordered automobile ecosystem? And how do we constitute the policies of automobile industry aim at the continuable development? Automobile industry ecology study will discuss the continuable development of automobile industry by integrate the ecology、systems theory,in order to provide the powerful theory gist.
Now the research on the automobile industry ecology was still in the elementary stage, in dire need of the theory gist from academe. Although the study have already acquired some fruits, there are still some questions about the life cycle assess、ecology cost assess and the ecology design . Firstly, the meaning and characters of automobile industry ecology are waiting to be resovled; secondly, lack of systemic and roundly study in the LCA of automobiles; and there have no system study on the automobile design for environment and Automobile Eco-Industrial Parks.
Therefore, this article made systematic, gradual research on the issues mentioned above by integrating the theories and methods of related subjects. This article is mainly about theory research, LCA of automobiles, LCCA of automobiles, ecology design of automobile, ecology park design and layout and demonstration research.
1.Automobile industry ecology theoretical research
This section mainly contains theory basics、automobile industry ecosystem and automobile industry metabolize mechanism.
Firstly, it is the theory basics research of automobile industry. On the basis of research of industry ecology, this article analysis the characters of the automobile industry ecology, and produced the automobile industry ecosystem is the unitary of the commutation between the automobile industry organize and substance、energy、information. It analyzed the process of the fountain and collection of substances in automobile industry. It researched the metabolize mechanism, which imitated the ecology metabolize, discussed the ecology metabolize mechanism of the substances in automobile industry.
2.Research on the life cycle assessment of the automobile
This section is the core of the whole this paper’s practical research. Based on the LCA and AT&T matrix, the article constructed the LCA method and the assessment matrix of automobile, and carried it through the demonstration research.
1) Research on the meaning and the technical frame of the automobile
The LCA of automobile is the physics life cycle, which is the stages of raw and processed materials mining、product manufacturing、product delivering、customer use、refurbishment/ recycling/ disposal. Based on this definition, this paper pointed out the technical frame of the automobile life cycle, this frame concluded the stages of goal define and scoping、inventory analysis、inventory analysisi、inpact assessment、interpretation.
2) Research of the automobile life cycle assessment
Based on the LCA theory, this paper produced the method of the automobile life cycle assessment. This section introduced the actualize process and the method of the stages of goal define and scoping、inventory analysis、inventory analysisi、inpact assessment、interpretation.
3) Research of automobile life cycle assessment matrix
Aim at the shortcoming of the LCA method, such as the gread date、time and money cost, this paper study the environmental responsibility of the automobile by the AT&T matrix. Use for reference of the LCA and AT&T, this section construct the easy matrix of automobile life cycle, which matrix was compartmentalized as 5 life stages, which is premanufacturing、product manufacture、product delivery、 product use and recycling. This matrix method can reflect the mostly stage of environment hurt and the environment affect factor for better. This paper applied this matrix to analysis the car of our country from 1990 to 2000.
4) Research of demonstration
At last, we used the LCA to assess the family car of china. Through the characterization and Weight Disposal, we got the environment impact of the cars. The results showed that the eutrophication was the most important impact during the production, the actinochemistry ozone synthesize was the most important impact and the global warming potential was the second during the use stage. From this study, we can conclusion that the environment impact of the use stage was greater than the production stage.
3、Research of the automobile life cycle cost assessment
This thesis studies the method of automobile life cycle assessment, which analysed the both internal and external cost. We classified and definited the automobile product life cyclecost, divides for the internal cost and exterior cost, as well as internal environment cost and external environment cost. And has established the automobile life cycle internal cost structure measurement conceptual model in this foundation, apply the Activity-based Costing and the Internal Costs to analyzed the automobile life cycle internal cost. And based on the cost assessment method of the environmental pollution and resource destroy, this thesis put forward the external environment costs method.
4、Research of the automobile industry ecodesign
This thesis put forwarded the concept and rule of automobile ecodesign, in this foundation, we discussed the process and mentod of automobile ecodesign and the ecodesign policy from seven aspects, which are the choosing the material of low impact of environmental、decreasing material dosage、optimizing production technics、optimizing transport and marketing system、reducing the environmental impact during the use stage and optimizing product use life.
5、Research on the layout of the automobile industry ecology park
This thesis apply ecology theory, put forwarded the rule and method of design automobile industry ecology park, through imitate nature to establish the automobile industry system structure. Via the effective matter circle and energy using, reach the topmost effective, then make the automobile industry society could be stabilization develop and evolution. And applied the ecology and metabolize theory to study the layout of the automobile industry ecology park in Chang Chun. 6、Research of automobile industry ecology environmental policy This thesis analyzed the automobile industry ecology environmental policy from the extended producer responsibility and product-oriented environmental policy. Then we put forwarded the extended producer responsibility and product-oriented environmental policy to ensure the automobile industry can realize the aim of reducing product environmental impact, that request the producer should responsible for the product all life, especially for the callback、circle use and finally disposal. And produce the theory that improve the product environmental friendly character、the policy of environmental protecting.
本文在综合评述国内外产业及汽车产业生态化相关领域研究成果的基础上,进行了汽车产业生态化相关理论的研究,提出并分析了汽车产业生态化的内涵和特征;在结合产品生命周期分析法的基础上,对汽车产品生命周期评价方法作了全面系统的研究,同时建立了汽车生态环境评价矩阵,结合中国汽车产业的实际情况进行了实证研究;在此基础上进行了汽车产品生命周期成本评估方法的研究,提出了汽车产业内部与外部环境成本的评价方法;结合生态学原理进行了汽车产业生态化设计的方法与策略研究;结合汽车产业生态系统理论研究了汽车产业生态园的设计与规划方法,并针对长春市的汽车产业发展情况进行了实证分析;最后论文针对我国汽车产业的发展,提出了汽车产业生态化的政策建议。
At the present time, the continuable development of automobile industry has already been the focus of the all world. We all know the convenience from Automobiles and the automobiles’dominant status in the industry chain, but the speediness development of automobile industry also bring lots of disbennifit ingredient, these ingredient made us to think about some of problems, such as the negative environment impact from the automobiles, and how to evaluate these impacts? In face of the scarce energy sources, which will be the best energy in the side of economy benefit、environment benefit and the social benefit? How to evaluate? The manufacture stage of Automobiles need lots of raw and processed materials, how to evaluate the environment lets from the substances、energy. How to design a healthy and ordered automobile ecosystem? And how do we constitute the policies of automobile industry aim at the continuable development? Automobile industry ecology study will discuss the continuable development of automobile industry by integrate the ecology、systems theory,in order to provide the powerful theory gist.
Now the research on the automobile industry ecology was still in the elementary stage, in dire need of the theory gist from academe. Although the study have already acquired some fruits, there are still some questions about the life cycle assess、ecology cost assess and the ecology design . Firstly, the meaning and characters of automobile industry ecology are waiting to be resovled; secondly, lack of systemic and roundly study in the LCA of automobiles; and there have no system study on the automobile design for environment and Automobile Eco-Industrial Parks.
Therefore, this article made systematic, gradual research on the issues mentioned above by integrating the theories and methods of related subjects. This article is mainly about theory research, LCA of automobiles, LCCA of automobiles, ecology design of automobile, ecology park design and layout and demonstration research.
1.Automobile industry ecology theoretical research
This section mainly contains theory basics、automobile industry ecosystem and automobile industry metabolize mechanism.
Firstly, it is the theory basics research of automobile industry. On the basis of research of industry ecology, this article analysis the characters of the automobile industry ecology, and produced the automobile industry ecosystem is the unitary of the commutation between the automobile industry organize and substance、energy、information. It analyzed the process of the fountain and collection of substances in automobile industry. It researched the metabolize mechanism, which imitated the ecology metabolize, discussed the ecology metabolize mechanism of the substances in automobile industry.
2.Research on the life cycle assessment of the automobile
This section is the core of the whole this paper’s practical research. Based on the LCA and AT&T matrix, the article constructed the LCA method and the assessment matrix of automobile, and carried it through the demonstration research.
1) Research on the meaning and the technical frame of the automobile
The LCA of automobile is the physics life cycle, which is the stages of raw and processed materials mining、product manufacturing、product delivering、customer use、refurbishment/ recycling/ disposal. Based on this definition, this paper pointed out the technical frame of the automobile life cycle, this frame concluded the stages of goal define and scoping、inventory analysis、inventory analysisi、inpact assessment、interpretation.
2) Research of the automobile life cycle assessment
Based on the LCA theory, this paper produced the method of the automobile life cycle assessment. This section introduced the actualize process and the method of the stages of goal define and scoping、inventory analysis、inventory analysisi、inpact assessment、interpretation.
3) Research of automobile life cycle assessment matrix
Aim at the shortcoming of the LCA method, such as the gread date、time and money cost, this paper study the environmental responsibility of the automobile by the AT&T matrix. Use for reference of the LCA and AT&T, this section construct the easy matrix of automobile life cycle, which matrix was compartmentalized as 5 life stages, which is premanufacturing、product manufacture、product delivery、 product use and recycling. This matrix method can reflect the mostly stage of environment hurt and the environment affect factor for better. This paper applied this matrix to analysis the car of our country from 1990 to 2000.
4) Research of demonstration
At last, we used the LCA to assess the family car of china. Through the characterization and Weight Disposal, we got the environment impact of the cars. The results showed that the eutrophication was the most important impact during the production, the actinochemistry ozone synthesize was the most important impact and the global warming potential was the second during the use stage. From this study, we can conclusion that the environment impact of the use stage was greater than the production stage.
3、Research of the automobile life cycle cost assessment
This thesis studies the method of automobile life cycle assessment, which analysed the both internal and external cost. We classified and definited the automobile product life cyclecost, divides for the internal cost and exterior cost, as well as internal environment cost and external environment cost. And has established the automobile life cycle internal cost structure measurement conceptual model in this foundation, apply the Activity-based Costing and the Internal Costs to analyzed the automobile life cycle internal cost. And based on the cost assessment method of the environmental pollution and resource destroy, this thesis put forward the external environment costs method.
4、Research of the automobile industry ecodesign
This thesis put forwarded the concept and rule of automobile ecodesign, in this foundation, we discussed the process and mentod of automobile ecodesign and the ecodesign policy from seven aspects, which are the choosing the material of low impact of environmental、decreasing material dosage、optimizing production technics、optimizing transport and marketing system、reducing the environmental impact during the use stage and optimizing product use life.
5、Research on the layout of the automobile industry ecology park
This thesis apply ecology theory, put forwarded the rule and method of design automobile industry ecology park, through imitate nature to establish the automobile industry system structure. Via the effective matter circle and energy using, reach the topmost effective, then make the automobile industry society could be stabilization develop and evolution. And applied the ecology and metabolize theory to study the layout of the automobile industry ecology park in Chang Chun. 6、Research of automobile industry ecology environmental policy This thesis analyzed the automobile industry ecology environmental policy from the extended producer responsibility and product-oriented environmental policy. Then we put forwarded the extended producer responsibility and product-oriented environmental policy to ensure the automobile industry can realize the aim of reducing product environmental impact, that request the producer should responsible for the product all life, especially for the callback、circle use and finally disposal. And produce the theory that improve the product environmental friendly character、the policy of environmental protecting.
引文
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