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供应商管理库存模式下装配系统协同供应模型研究
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摘要
本论文以基于VMI模式运作下的离散装配系统作为研究对象,综合运用管理运筹学、优化建模方法和系统决策理论,将理论研究与实证研究、定量研究与定性分析相结合,分析提高装配系统协同供货效率的信息流、物流、和资金流优化策略。全文主要内容如下:
     首先建立了需求时间不确定环境下的多供应商对单制造商的准时供货模型。通过研究多个供应商在信息共享环境和信息封闭环境下的最优供货时间决策,对比了不同的信息环境对于供应商个体和供应链整体绩效的影响,进而证明了信息共享的必要性和供应商的主动参与性。
     其次探讨了基于制造商库存转移时限的协同供货模型。在保证当所有供应商均实现了横向信息共享的前提下,讨论制造商的库存分担策略。首先建立随机需求时间下单供应商对单制造商的准时供货模型,证明了传统的VMI模式对于系统中每一个参与者都并非最好的选择。其次,将1对1模型扩展到N对1模型,找到装配系统中每一个供应商的最优供货时间选择和制造商最优的库存转移时限设定。在此基础上,通过对比两种不同的库存转移时限设定的方案,提出提高制造商自身收益和供应链整体绩效的优化方案。
     然后分析了基于多重资金结算方式的协同供货模型,即分别针对两种不同的资金结算方式(及时付款和延迟付款)建立了两供应商对单制造商的准时供货模型。研究结果给出了对于制造商或者供应商而言一定条件下最优的资金结算方案选择。在此基础上,将2对1模型扩展到N到1模型,并提出在不同模式下实现供应链协同的必要条件。
     接着提出了基于推拉结合供货方式的协同供货模型,从而进一步研究供应商差异性对于系统运作带来的影响。通过建立在供应商供应时间不确定的环境下的多供应商对单制造商双重供货模型(强势供应商拉式供货,弱势供应商推式供货),研究结果找到了供应商和制造商在两种不同的决策顺序下(同时决策和依次决策)的最优供应和采购决策。在此基础上,通过对比集中模式分析了不同的协调机制的效果,并提出可以实现系统完美协调的优化策略。
     最后扩展了装配系统不同运作模式之间的对比研究。考虑当前在现实中较为普遍的两类装配系统运作模式:Supply-hub运作模式和就近供应模式。通过模拟仿真的方法证明了Supply-hub运作模式相较于就近供应模式的先进性,和不同模式各自适应的运作环境,从而有助于为今后的运作模式创新提供理论指导依据。
This dissertation investigates a decentralized assembly system with VMI policy byapplying a series of methodologies: management, operation research, system decisionmaking, optimization modeling, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Thefollowing topics are addressed:
     First, I construct an on-time delivery model consisted of multi-suppliers and singlemanufacturer, in condition of an uncertain demand time. The results indicate thatinformation sharing can effectively improve the supplier’s and the channel’s performance.This subsequently highlights the significance of horizontal information, so that everysupplier has the incentive of sharing the supply information.
     Second, I investigate the multi-suppliers’ on-time delivery model in consideration ofthe inventory controlling policy. The results show that the traditional VMI policy is neveran eternal better choice for either the manufacturer or the supplier, even though there isonly one supplier in the system. In a more complicated assembly system with multiplesuppliers, I derive the manufacturer’s optimal inventory controlling policy and supplier’soptimal deliver time, so as to provide the coordination strategy for the entire supply chain.
     Third, I address different payment contracts in a decentralized system, so as to extendthe analysis from the downstream uncertainty to the upstream uncertainty. The resultsshow that there is no better payment for either the manufacturer or the supplier, which is instrict contrast to the practice. I also consider the N suppliers system and discuss thecoordination conditions under this circumstance.
     Fourth, I consider an assembly system that contains two different deliver modes: pulland push. The results derive the optimal supplier and demand strategies under twodecision timing sequences. Moreover, by comparing the supply chain performance underdifferent modes, I provide the coordination mechanism to achieve the perfectcoordination.
     Finally, I discuss the operational mechanisms for the assembly system, in particularconsider two typical assembly system operating modes: Supply-hub and VMI modes.Compared to the VMI mode, I find that Supply-hub can significantly improve the supply chain performance, and identify the appropriate conditions for using these operationalmechanisms. All the above results can provide some theoretical support for the firms’practices.
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