低温胁迫下两种热带相思某些生理特性的变化
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摘要
以热带和南亚热带主要速生丰产造林树种大叶相思（Acacia
auriculiformis A．Cunn．）和马占相思（A．mangium Willd）为试验材料，在相对
湿度（RH）为75～85％的条件下，采用室内测定苗木抗寒性的方法，研究了低温
胁迫对大叶相思和马占相思幼苗（40～45d苗龄）生理、生化等的影响，并进行
了生长恢复试验。同时探讨了脱落酸（ABA）预处理对经3℃和 0℃低温处理后
的马占相思叶片电解质渗漏率的影响。本文还就各种测试指标分别与两树种的
存活率（生长恢复试验）间的相关性进行了分析。研究结果表明：
（1）两相思树种的电解质渗漏率差异显著。3℃和 0℃处理后，大叶相思和
马占相思叶片的细胞质膜透性极显著地增加（P<0．01）。但低温对马占相思细胞
膜造成的伤害显著大于大叶相思。6℃低温处理时，马占相思即己表现出叶片萎
蔫的伤害症状，大叶相思在3℃低温处理后才表现出叶片萎蔫，而3℃处理后的
马占相思则表现出叶片严重萎蔫，同时有部分叶片呈现水渍状。
（2）低温胁迫对大叶相思和马占相思的生化指标影响显著。低温处理后，
大叶相思和马占相思叶片中可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质和游离脯氨酸含量均
发生明显变化。
（3）低温对两树种苗木的代谢作用影响显著。低温处理后，二者的净光合
速率、蒸腾速率均明显减小：而低温处理过程中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性总
体呈现先降低后增加的趋势。而膜脂过氧化的主要产物丙二醛（MDA）则随温度
的降低而呈现先增加后减少，然后再增加的趋势。
（4）各测试指标相关分析结果表明：两树种叶片的相对电导率和可溶性蛋
白质含量与存活率的相关性高，其相关系数均大于0．9。叶片中丙二醛（MDA）
含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及叶片的净光合速率与大叶相思和马占相思
存活率的相关系数也均大于0．6，因此这几项指标均可用于大叶相思和马占相
思抗寒性的测定。游离脯氨酸含量与大叶相思的相关性较高灯（r=-0．8095）， 而
与马占相思的相关性差什（r=-0．3903）， 因此游离脯氨酸含量可作为测定二者抗
寒力的参考指标。
中回林业科学研出以硕士学位论文
——
（5）外源 ABA预处理可显著提高马占相思的抗寒力。试验结果表明，以 10’M
外源 ABA预处理 24h和 10－ha外源 ABA预处理 36h对提高马占相思的抗寒力最
有效。
The intact seedlings of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn and A. mangium
Willd were exposed to low temperature under humid conditions which
prevented dehydration. Effects of low temperature stress on physiology
and biochemistry of the two species were tested. And the survival of the
two species was recorded after chilling treatment. The effect of
pretreatment with abscisic acid(ABA) prior to low temperature, which was
arranged in 4 leyels of both concentration and pretreatment time, was
determined by means of electrolyte loss in the leaves of A. mangium under
3℃ and 0℃. Relationships between the tested index and the survival
rates of both species were also analyzed. Main results are given as
follows:
(1)The potential ability of cold resistance between the two species
was greatly different. When exposed to the low temperature of both 3℃
and 0℃, the electrolyte loss in the leaves of both plants was
significantly increased compared to the controls. Leakage of
electrolytes of A. mngium reached 13. 37% and 21. 23% of the total amount
in the leaves, and that of A. auriculiformis reached about l7. 39% and
32. 32% reciprocally. When exposed to 6℃, the leaves of A. mangium
wilted, while not for A. auriculaeformis until under 3℃. Under the
lower temperature of 3℃, the leaves of the former were severely wilted
and parts of the leaves appeared to be water logging at the same time.
(2)Under low temperature stress, the contents of the soluble sugar,
the soluble protein and the free proline are increased significantly.
There are significant correlation between them and the survival of the
seedlings.
(3) When exposed to the chilling temperature the net photosynthetic
rate and transpiration rate were decreased significantly, while the
activity of S0D increased in the whole.
(4) The analysis of the relationship among all the index showed that
the re1ative co-efficient between the electro1yte 1oss and the survival
of the seedlings and the so1uble protein were more than 0. 9. The re1ative
co-efficient between the survival and the rmA contat, S0D activity and
the net photosynthesis rate were larger than 0. 6. So the above index
should be applied to appraised the cold resistance of both species. The
co - efficient between the free proline and the surviva1 of
A. aUrjcu1ibos was 0. 8059, but it was 0. 3093 of A. edum
(5) The co1d resistance of seed1ings of both species was increased
by pretreatment with abscisic acid. The resu1t showed that the
pretreatment of either 10-'M ABA for 24 hOurs or 10fe A8A for 36 hours was
the optimum treatments to improve p1ant co1d resistance.
auriculiformis A．Cunn．）和马占相思（A．mangium Willd）为试验材料，在相对
湿度（RH）为75～85％的条件下，采用室内测定苗木抗寒性的方法，研究了低温
胁迫对大叶相思和马占相思幼苗（40～45d苗龄）生理、生化等的影响，并进行
了生长恢复试验。同时探讨了脱落酸（ABA）预处理对经3℃和 0℃低温处理后
的马占相思叶片电解质渗漏率的影响。本文还就各种测试指标分别与两树种的
存活率（生长恢复试验）间的相关性进行了分析。研究结果表明：
（1）两相思树种的电解质渗漏率差异显著。3℃和 0℃处理后，大叶相思和
马占相思叶片的细胞质膜透性极显著地增加（P<0．01）。但低温对马占相思细胞
膜造成的伤害显著大于大叶相思。6℃低温处理时，马占相思即己表现出叶片萎
蔫的伤害症状，大叶相思在3℃低温处理后才表现出叶片萎蔫，而3℃处理后的
马占相思则表现出叶片严重萎蔫，同时有部分叶片呈现水渍状。
（2）低温胁迫对大叶相思和马占相思的生化指标影响显著。低温处理后，
大叶相思和马占相思叶片中可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质和游离脯氨酸含量均
发生明显变化。
（3）低温对两树种苗木的代谢作用影响显著。低温处理后，二者的净光合
速率、蒸腾速率均明显减小：而低温处理过程中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性总
体呈现先降低后增加的趋势。而膜脂过氧化的主要产物丙二醛（MDA）则随温度
的降低而呈现先增加后减少，然后再增加的趋势。
（4）各测试指标相关分析结果表明：两树种叶片的相对电导率和可溶性蛋
白质含量与存活率的相关性高，其相关系数均大于0．9。叶片中丙二醛（MDA）
含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及叶片的净光合速率与大叶相思和马占相思
存活率的相关系数也均大于0．6，因此这几项指标均可用于大叶相思和马占相
思抗寒性的测定。游离脯氨酸含量与大叶相思的相关性较高灯（r=-0．8095）， 而
与马占相思的相关性差什（r=-0．3903）， 因此游离脯氨酸含量可作为测定二者抗
寒力的参考指标。
中回林业科学研出以硕士学位论文
——
（5）外源 ABA预处理可显著提高马占相思的抗寒力。试验结果表明，以 10’M
外源 ABA预处理 24h和 10－ha外源 ABA预处理 36h对提高马占相思的抗寒力最
有效。
The intact seedlings of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn and A. mangium
Willd were exposed to low temperature under humid conditions which
prevented dehydration. Effects of low temperature stress on physiology
and biochemistry of the two species were tested. And the survival of the
two species was recorded after chilling treatment. The effect of
pretreatment with abscisic acid(ABA) prior to low temperature, which was
arranged in 4 leyels of both concentration and pretreatment time, was
determined by means of electrolyte loss in the leaves of A. mangium under
3℃ and 0℃. Relationships between the tested index and the survival
rates of both species were also analyzed. Main results are given as
follows:
(1)The potential ability of cold resistance between the two species
was greatly different. When exposed to the low temperature of both 3℃
and 0℃, the electrolyte loss in the leaves of both plants was
significantly increased compared to the controls. Leakage of
electrolytes of A. mngium reached 13. 37% and 21. 23% of the total amount
in the leaves, and that of A. auriculiformis reached about l7. 39% and
32. 32% reciprocally. When exposed to 6℃, the leaves of A. mangium
wilted, while not for A. auriculaeformis until under 3℃. Under the
lower temperature of 3℃, the leaves of the former were severely wilted
and parts of the leaves appeared to be water logging at the same time.
(2)Under low temperature stress, the contents of the soluble sugar,
the soluble protein and the free proline are increased significantly.
There are significant correlation between them and the survival of the
seedlings.
(3) When exposed to the chilling temperature the net photosynthetic
rate and transpiration rate were decreased significantly, while the
activity of S0D increased in the whole.
(4) The analysis of the relationship among all the index showed that
the re1ative co-efficient between the electro1yte 1oss and the survival
of the seedlings and the so1uble protein were more than 0. 9. The re1ative
co-efficient between the survival and the rmA contat, S0D activity and
the net photosynthesis rate were larger than 0. 6. So the above index
should be applied to appraised the cold resistance of both species. The
co - efficient between the free proline and the surviva1 of
A. aUrjcu1ibos was 0. 8059, but it was 0. 3093 of A. edum
(5) The co1d resistance of seed1ings of both species was increased
by pretreatment with abscisic acid. The resu1t showed that the
pretreatment of either 10-'M ABA for 24 hOurs or 10fe A8A for 36 hours was
the optimum treatments to improve p1ant co1d resistance.
引文
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42．王洪春．植物抗性生理．植物生理学通讯，1981(6)：72～81．
43．王建华，刘鸿先等．超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)在植物逆境和衰老生理中的作用．植物生理学通讯，1989(1)：1～7．
44．王敬文，蒋晶．黑荆树悬浮单细胞低温驯化．林业科学研究，1989，2(5)：442～445．
45．王荣富．植物抗寒指标的种类及其应用．植物生理学通讯，1987(3)：49～55．
46．王以柔，李平等．低温对不同耐寒力的黄瓜幼苗子叶的各细胞器中NAD~+-苹果酸脱氢酶的影响．植物生理学报，1985，11(2)：147～154．
47．王毅，杨宏福，李树德．园艺植物冷害和抗冷性的研究．园艺学报，1994，21(3)：239～244．
48．吴功振，李素文．对白叶枯病抗性不同的水稻品种同功酶凝胶电泳的观察．植物学报，1981，23(3)：251～253．
49．吴以德．热带植物冷害时体内水分的变化．植物生理学报，1982，8(1)：17～25．
50．吴擢溪，李振问，张沈龙，李春林．黑荆树种源抗寒性的初步研究．林业科学研究，1992，5(4)：487～491．
51．武禄光等．五角槭种子生物膜对温度的感应．东北林业大学学报，1991，19(6)：96～100．
52．谢田，徐中际．测定细胞膜透性的紫外吸收法．植物生理学通讯，1986(1)：45～46．
53．许文献，潘衍庆．我国橡胶树抗寒生理研究的进展．热带作物学报，1992，13(1)：1～6．
54．杨冬生，喻贞元等．几种桉树苗期抗寒性初探．四川林业科技，10(1)：28～34．
55．杨福愉等．低温处理对玉米线粒体氧化磷酸化和抗氰氧化的影响．植物学报，23(5)：359～363．
56．杨民权．主要热带相思在华南地区的生长及适应性探讨．林业科学研究，1990，3(2)：155～161．
57．余叔文，谭常，杨惠东，俞子文．植物的热害和叶组织电阻的变化．植物学报，1984，(4)：397～404．
58．余叔文，汤章城．植物生理与分子生物学，科学出版社，北京，1998．
59．张志良主编．植物生理学实验指导(第二版)．北京：高等教寒胁迫过程中冬小麦叶片组织可溶性蛋白质含量的变化和功能育出版社，1990．2．
60．赵军，赵玉田，梁博文．中国农业科学，1994，27(2)：57～61．
61．郑世锴．杨树短轮伐期集约栽培的新进展，世界林业研究，1989，2(1)：18-27．
62．朱湘渝等。欧美杨新品种抗寒性的研究．林业科学，1990，5：487～490．
63.Aharoni, N., a. Blumenfeld and A. E. Richmond: Hormonal actiity in detached lettuce leaves as affected by water content. Plant Physiol. 1977, 59:1169～1173.
64.Ahring, R. M. And R. M. Irving: A laboratory method of determining cold hardiness in bermuda grass: Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. Crop sci. 1969,9:615～618.
65.Boussiba, S., A. Rikin and A. E. Richmond: The role of abscisic acid in cross adaption of tobacco plants. Plant Physiol. 1979,56:337-339.
66.Arnon Rikin, Dan Atsmon, Carlos Gitler. Chilling injury in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.): Prevation by abacisic acid. Plant Cell Physiol., 1979,20:1537～1546.
67.Bennet, J. F., W. I. Bry, G. M. Collins and N. A. Halasz, 1981:The effects of oxigen free radicles on the preserved kidney. Cryobiology,24:264～269.
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69.Boomsma C. D..Native trees of south Australia(second edition).Woods and Forests Depart, South Australia, Bulletin. 1981,19,68～70.
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71.Bradford, M. M., A rapid and sensitive method for the quantiation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dying binding. Anal. Biochem, 1976,72:248～254.
72.Chen, H. H., Li, P.H. and Brenner, M.L., Involvement of abscisic acid in potato cold acclimation. Plant Physiol., 1983,71:362～365.
73.Cheu HH, Li PH. In Li PH,Sakai A(ed). Plant Cold Hardiness and Freezing Stress. Academic Press. 1982,P.5.
74.Dhindsa, R. S., P. L. Plumb-Dhindsa and D. M. Reid. Leaf senescence and lipid peroxidation: Effect of some phytochromes and scavengers of free radicals and singlet oxygen. Physiol. Plant, 1982,56: 453～457.
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