光学电流互感器的抗磁场干扰技术和数字化技术研究
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摘要
测量方法准确化、测量传输光纤化、测量输出数字化是电子式互感器的主要特征,也是互感器发展的必然趋势。光学电流互感器是满足上述特征的理想互感器,但是测量温漂和不能长期可靠运行这两大世界难题,阻碍了光学电流互感器的实用化进程。
作者所在团队自主研制的基于Faraday磁光效应原理的光学电流互感器(OCT),具有良好的动态响应能力和绝缘性能,能够精确的测量非周期分量及各种交流谐波分量,并且无饱和现象,并利用自适应光学传感原理解决了阻碍光学电流互感器实用化的测量温漂问题,稳态测量精度达到0.2s级以上,能够满足现代电力系统发展的要求。本文通过深入研究光学电流互感器的抗磁场干扰技术,解决了光学电流互感器的长期运行可靠性问题,并深入研究了光学电流互感器的数字化问题。
针对光学电流互感器的长期运行可靠性问题,为了期望获得抗磁场干扰能力,本文研究了基于光学电流互感器的抗磁场干扰理论。首次提出了螺线管三相磁场正交技术和御磁光路结构技术,并设计了御磁光学传感头。这种光学传感头实现了光路结构的彻底简化,使其长期运行可靠性得到了极大地提高;同时,御磁光学传感头能够满足在常规电力系统中的抗电磁干扰能力的要求,与偏振光围绕通电导体旋转具有条件对偶性。与螺线管聚磁光学传感头相比,御磁光学传感头体积减小,成本降低。在现场连续25个月的运行表明,采用这种结构的OCT能够在实际环境中长期可靠地运行。
国际标准IEC60044-7/8规定了电子式互感器和二次设备的数字接口,首先提出了合并单元的定义。在变电站自动化标准IEC61850体系中,9-1和9-2规定了间隔层和过程层之间的通信,都涉及到合并单元的实现目标。对这三个标准进行深入的研究和比较,对于合并单元的实现及改进具有重要意义。本文从实现合并单元的角度,基于IEC61850-9-1标准将合并单元划分为三个功能模块。根据合并单元和光学电流互感器接口具有多任务并行处理的特点,利用FPGA实现了合并单元的样机制作,并通过测试,进而提出了构建光学测量系统的思想。
电力系统的监视与控制正在从时间断面逐步走向时间过程,电力系统的保护与控制正在从电网的点和局部逐步走向系统全局。为了阻止破坏性越来越大的电力系统灾难事故,人们正在构建电力系统安全防御体系。以相角测量单元(PMU)为基础的提供电网准确动态过程测量数据的广域测量系统(WAMS)将成为电网保护控制的基础测量系统。铁磁线圈电流互感器不能准确反映电网动态过程,在发生故障时,由于非周期分量的存在,使铁磁线圈电流互感器迅速达到饱和,不能准确测量出故障点电流,这将直接导致PMU测量失准,从而影响整个广域测量系统的可靠性。而具有良好的动态响应能力的光学电流互感器的广泛应用将大大提高电网保护与控制的可靠性,基于光学电流互感器的上述特点,提出了构建广域光学测量系统的构想。
利用法拉第磁光效应研制出的光学电流互感器克服了电磁式电流互感器和Rogowski线圈电流互感器的不足,具有宽广的动态测量范围和频率响应范围,不仅可以测量工频交流信号、各次谐波信号、直流量,而且可以高保真地复现电网暂态信号,具有良好的动态响应能力。利用此光学电流互感器可以完全得到线路全电流的特点,提出了基于光学电流互感器的超高压长线路全电流差动保护算法。
Measuring accurately, transmitting optical-fibredly, and output digitized are the three main features of electronic transducer, and it is also the development directions of transducer. OCT is the perfect transducer for these three features, but the temperature excursion problem and the no operating stability problem have baffled its utility in power system.
The Optical Current Transducer following Faraday magneto-optic effect has been totally researched and developed only by our teams. OCT has no saturation phenomenon, has good dynamic response ability and insulating property, it also can measure the non-periodic component and the various alternating current harmonic components accurately. Aiming at the temperature excursion problem that OCT faced, the Adaptive Optical Transducing Principle has been presented to solve it, and the precision of steady state measurement can be upper to 0.2s degree, so that it can completely meet the demands of the development of modern power system. This paper has researched the defending magnetic-field interference principle of OCT to solve the question of no operating stability and has also studied the digitized technique of OCT.
To obtain the ability of defending magnetic-field interference, this paper has put forward Solenoid Three Phases Magnetism Orthogonal Principle and Bucking Magnetism Optical Transducing Principle, and has designed bucking magnetism optical sensing head. This kind of sensing head has simplified light path structure thoroughly, the long time operation stability has been improved greatly. This sensing head can meet the demand of the ability of defending magnetic field interference in power system, and it is conditional duality with polarized light around electrify conductor. Compared with solenoid gathering magnetism optical sensing head, the volume is smaller and the cost is lower of bucking magnetism sensing head. 25 months continuous operation in field indicates that OCT which has used this structure can operate stably in practice.
IEC60044-7/8 prescribes that merging unit is the digital interface of electronic transducer and secondary equipment. In the standard of substation automation IEC 61850, 9-1 and 9-2 prescribe the transmission of bay level and process level, they all relate to the implement goal of merging unit(MU). Comparing and studying these three standards deeply, it is very important to realize and improve merging unit. This paper divides MU to three function module based on IEC61850-9-1. According to the multitask parallel characteristic of MU and OCT interface, the scheme to realize MU used FPGA is confirmed, and the idea to set up optical measurement system(OMS) is put forward.
Monitor and control of power system is moving from time section to time process, and protection and control of power system is moving from spot and local to global of electric network. To avoid the severe destroy of power system accident, safety defense system of power system has been set up. Wide area measurement system (WAMS) which based on phase measurement unit (PMU) supplies the accurate dynamic process datum to electric network, and will become the base measurement system of electric network protection and control. Ferromagnetic coil current transducer can’t measure dynamic process of electric network accurately, when accident comes, it saturates quickly because of non-periodic component, this induces PMU measures unsafely, the reliability of WAMS is descending. According to those characteristics of OCT, this paper has built up wide area optical measurement system (WAOMS).
OCT based on Faraday magneto-optic effect conquers the shortcomings of electromagnetism current transducer and Pogowski coil current transducer, has wide dynamic measurement range and frequency response range, it can not only measure line-frequency alternating current signal, kinds of harmonic signals and non-periodic signal, but also recur transient signals of electronic network exactly, it has better dynamic response ability. This kind of OCT can get hold of the entire current of transmission lines completely, according to this characteristic, this paper put forward the entire current differential protection arithmetic of extra high voltage (EHV) base on OCT.
作者所在团队自主研制的基于Faraday磁光效应原理的光学电流互感器(OCT),具有良好的动态响应能力和绝缘性能,能够精确的测量非周期分量及各种交流谐波分量,并且无饱和现象,并利用自适应光学传感原理解决了阻碍光学电流互感器实用化的测量温漂问题,稳态测量精度达到0.2s级以上,能够满足现代电力系统发展的要求。本文通过深入研究光学电流互感器的抗磁场干扰技术,解决了光学电流互感器的长期运行可靠性问题,并深入研究了光学电流互感器的数字化问题。
针对光学电流互感器的长期运行可靠性问题,为了期望获得抗磁场干扰能力,本文研究了基于光学电流互感器的抗磁场干扰理论。首次提出了螺线管三相磁场正交技术和御磁光路结构技术,并设计了御磁光学传感头。这种光学传感头实现了光路结构的彻底简化,使其长期运行可靠性得到了极大地提高;同时,御磁光学传感头能够满足在常规电力系统中的抗电磁干扰能力的要求,与偏振光围绕通电导体旋转具有条件对偶性。与螺线管聚磁光学传感头相比,御磁光学传感头体积减小,成本降低。在现场连续25个月的运行表明,采用这种结构的OCT能够在实际环境中长期可靠地运行。
国际标准IEC60044-7/8规定了电子式互感器和二次设备的数字接口,首先提出了合并单元的定义。在变电站自动化标准IEC61850体系中,9-1和9-2规定了间隔层和过程层之间的通信,都涉及到合并单元的实现目标。对这三个标准进行深入的研究和比较,对于合并单元的实现及改进具有重要意义。本文从实现合并单元的角度,基于IEC61850-9-1标准将合并单元划分为三个功能模块。根据合并单元和光学电流互感器接口具有多任务并行处理的特点,利用FPGA实现了合并单元的样机制作,并通过测试,进而提出了构建光学测量系统的思想。
电力系统的监视与控制正在从时间断面逐步走向时间过程,电力系统的保护与控制正在从电网的点和局部逐步走向系统全局。为了阻止破坏性越来越大的电力系统灾难事故,人们正在构建电力系统安全防御体系。以相角测量单元(PMU)为基础的提供电网准确动态过程测量数据的广域测量系统(WAMS)将成为电网保护控制的基础测量系统。铁磁线圈电流互感器不能准确反映电网动态过程,在发生故障时,由于非周期分量的存在,使铁磁线圈电流互感器迅速达到饱和,不能准确测量出故障点电流,这将直接导致PMU测量失准,从而影响整个广域测量系统的可靠性。而具有良好的动态响应能力的光学电流互感器的广泛应用将大大提高电网保护与控制的可靠性,基于光学电流互感器的上述特点,提出了构建广域光学测量系统的构想。
利用法拉第磁光效应研制出的光学电流互感器克服了电磁式电流互感器和Rogowski线圈电流互感器的不足,具有宽广的动态测量范围和频率响应范围,不仅可以测量工频交流信号、各次谐波信号、直流量,而且可以高保真地复现电网暂态信号,具有良好的动态响应能力。利用此光学电流互感器可以完全得到线路全电流的特点,提出了基于光学电流互感器的超高压长线路全电流差动保护算法。
Measuring accurately, transmitting optical-fibredly, and output digitized are the three main features of electronic transducer, and it is also the development directions of transducer. OCT is the perfect transducer for these three features, but the temperature excursion problem and the no operating stability problem have baffled its utility in power system.
The Optical Current Transducer following Faraday magneto-optic effect has been totally researched and developed only by our teams. OCT has no saturation phenomenon, has good dynamic response ability and insulating property, it also can measure the non-periodic component and the various alternating current harmonic components accurately. Aiming at the temperature excursion problem that OCT faced, the Adaptive Optical Transducing Principle has been presented to solve it, and the precision of steady state measurement can be upper to 0.2s degree, so that it can completely meet the demands of the development of modern power system. This paper has researched the defending magnetic-field interference principle of OCT to solve the question of no operating stability and has also studied the digitized technique of OCT.
To obtain the ability of defending magnetic-field interference, this paper has put forward Solenoid Three Phases Magnetism Orthogonal Principle and Bucking Magnetism Optical Transducing Principle, and has designed bucking magnetism optical sensing head. This kind of sensing head has simplified light path structure thoroughly, the long time operation stability has been improved greatly. This sensing head can meet the demand of the ability of defending magnetic field interference in power system, and it is conditional duality with polarized light around electrify conductor. Compared with solenoid gathering magnetism optical sensing head, the volume is smaller and the cost is lower of bucking magnetism sensing head. 25 months continuous operation in field indicates that OCT which has used this structure can operate stably in practice.
IEC60044-7/8 prescribes that merging unit is the digital interface of electronic transducer and secondary equipment. In the standard of substation automation IEC 61850, 9-1 and 9-2 prescribe the transmission of bay level and process level, they all relate to the implement goal of merging unit(MU). Comparing and studying these three standards deeply, it is very important to realize and improve merging unit. This paper divides MU to three function module based on IEC61850-9-1. According to the multitask parallel characteristic of MU and OCT interface, the scheme to realize MU used FPGA is confirmed, and the idea to set up optical measurement system(OMS) is put forward.
Monitor and control of power system is moving from time section to time process, and protection and control of power system is moving from spot and local to global of electric network. To avoid the severe destroy of power system accident, safety defense system of power system has been set up. Wide area measurement system (WAMS) which based on phase measurement unit (PMU) supplies the accurate dynamic process datum to electric network, and will become the base measurement system of electric network protection and control. Ferromagnetic coil current transducer can’t measure dynamic process of electric network accurately, when accident comes, it saturates quickly because of non-periodic component, this induces PMU measures unsafely, the reliability of WAMS is descending. According to those characteristics of OCT, this paper has built up wide area optical measurement system (WAOMS).
OCT based on Faraday magneto-optic effect conquers the shortcomings of electromagnetism current transducer and Pogowski coil current transducer, has wide dynamic measurement range and frequency response range, it can not only measure line-frequency alternating current signal, kinds of harmonic signals and non-periodic signal, but also recur transient signals of electronic network exactly, it has better dynamic response ability. This kind of OCT can get hold of the entire current of transmission lines completely, according to this characteristic, this paper put forward the entire current differential protection arithmetic of extra high voltage (EHV) base on OCT.
引文
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