基于嵌入式技术的人体舒适度指数测量系统开发
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摘要
人体舒适度指数是人体对温度、湿度、风速等气象因子的综合反映,也是当前城市气象服务的基石。本文归纳了当前国内外有关人体舒适度的研究和发展动态,介绍了由美国著名生物气象学家Steadman提出的以人体热量平衡为基础的体感温度模型以及北京市气象局正在使用的舒适度模型。为了更好的做好环境气象服务,开发出一套适用性强、稳定可靠、灵敏度高、成本低的人体舒适度指数监测系统具有十分重要的意义。
本文在对检测技术和嵌入式系统的研究基础上,采用结构化、模块化的方案开发了一套基于ARM的嵌入式人体舒适度指数监测系统。该系统主要由核心控制模块、存储模块、信号采集模块、调试下载模块、显示与报警模块组成。
本系统首先提出系统的总体设计要求,给出了相应的设计框图以及主控制器的实现方案和系统的几个功能模块;然后分别对温度传感器、湿度传感器和风速传感器进行了原理分析并给出相应的信号采集电路;接着为S3C2440移植了嵌入式Linux操作系统,并开发了温度、湿度、风速三类传感器的驱动程序,搭建了嵌入式软件开发平台;通过该平台,完成了人体舒适度指数程序设计和显示与报警的应用程序设计;另外还介绍了嵌入式图形用户界面开发包Qt/Embedded,并设计了简单、直观、可靠地图形用户界面实现了数据实时显示功能;最后在实验室条件下对本系统进行了测试验证。
基于S3C2440的嵌入式人体舒适度指数监测系统,功耗低、实时性好,性能不错。该系统还可以根据需求灵活配置,可为各种嵌入式应用提供一套完整的软硬件解决方案,在汽车电子、工业现场等不同环境都有广阔的应用前景。
Human comfort index is an integrated value which includes temperature and humidity and wind velocity etc. It is also the cornerstone of the current city meteorological services. This article summarizes the current domestic and international research related to human comfort and the developments introduced by the famous American meteorologist Steadman's biological human body heat balance based model of apparent temperature and the Beijing Meteorological Bureau, is the comfort model. In order to make the environment a better meteorological services, development of a set of applicability, stable and reliable, high sensitivity, low cost monitoring system for human comfort index is of great significance.
Based on testing technology and embedded systems’research, this paper developed a set of embedded human comfort index concentration monitoring system based on the ARM according to using structured, module scheme. This system is mainly composed of the core control module, storage module, signal acquisition module, debugging download module and display & alarm module.
The system first proposed over all system design requirements, and gave the corresponding design diagram and the implementation scheme of the main controller and the system of several functional modules; then separately analyzed temperature sensor, humidity sensor and wind speed sensor and gave the principles of the corresponding signal acquisition circuit. The next is to transplant embedded Linux operating system for S3C2440, develop three devices drivers which include temperature sensor, humidity sensor and wind speed sensor, and build a platform of embedded software system, and complete the key processing, digital filtering, display and alarm application design etc. by the software development platform. In addition, the embedded graphical user interface development toolkit Embedded/Qt are introduced, and a simple, intuitive, reliable graphical user interface is designed, the function of real-time display and off-gauge warning etc. are realized. Finally, the system is tested under laboratory conditions.
The embedded human comfort index concentration monitoring system based on S3C2440 is good performance, low power consumption, good real time and performance. It can be flexible configuration on demand, provide a complete set of software and hardware solutions for various embedded application. It is going to have a broad application prospect in automotive electronics, industrial field and in many other different environments.
本文在对检测技术和嵌入式系统的研究基础上,采用结构化、模块化的方案开发了一套基于ARM的嵌入式人体舒适度指数监测系统。该系统主要由核心控制模块、存储模块、信号采集模块、调试下载模块、显示与报警模块组成。
本系统首先提出系统的总体设计要求,给出了相应的设计框图以及主控制器的实现方案和系统的几个功能模块;然后分别对温度传感器、湿度传感器和风速传感器进行了原理分析并给出相应的信号采集电路;接着为S3C2440移植了嵌入式Linux操作系统,并开发了温度、湿度、风速三类传感器的驱动程序,搭建了嵌入式软件开发平台;通过该平台,完成了人体舒适度指数程序设计和显示与报警的应用程序设计;另外还介绍了嵌入式图形用户界面开发包Qt/Embedded,并设计了简单、直观、可靠地图形用户界面实现了数据实时显示功能;最后在实验室条件下对本系统进行了测试验证。
基于S3C2440的嵌入式人体舒适度指数监测系统,功耗低、实时性好,性能不错。该系统还可以根据需求灵活配置,可为各种嵌入式应用提供一套完整的软硬件解决方案,在汽车电子、工业现场等不同环境都有广阔的应用前景。
Human comfort index is an integrated value which includes temperature and humidity and wind velocity etc. It is also the cornerstone of the current city meteorological services. This article summarizes the current domestic and international research related to human comfort and the developments introduced by the famous American meteorologist Steadman's biological human body heat balance based model of apparent temperature and the Beijing Meteorological Bureau, is the comfort model. In order to make the environment a better meteorological services, development of a set of applicability, stable and reliable, high sensitivity, low cost monitoring system for human comfort index is of great significance.
Based on testing technology and embedded systems’research, this paper developed a set of embedded human comfort index concentration monitoring system based on the ARM according to using structured, module scheme. This system is mainly composed of the core control module, storage module, signal acquisition module, debugging download module and display & alarm module.
The system first proposed over all system design requirements, and gave the corresponding design diagram and the implementation scheme of the main controller and the system of several functional modules; then separately analyzed temperature sensor, humidity sensor and wind speed sensor and gave the principles of the corresponding signal acquisition circuit. The next is to transplant embedded Linux operating system for S3C2440, develop three devices drivers which include temperature sensor, humidity sensor and wind speed sensor, and build a platform of embedded software system, and complete the key processing, digital filtering, display and alarm application design etc. by the software development platform. In addition, the embedded graphical user interface development toolkit Embedded/Qt are introduced, and a simple, intuitive, reliable graphical user interface is designed, the function of real-time display and off-gauge warning etc. are realized. Finally, the system is tested under laboratory conditions.
The embedded human comfort index concentration monitoring system based on S3C2440 is good performance, low power consumption, good real time and performance. It can be flexible configuration on demand, provide a complete set of software and hardware solutions for various embedded application. It is going to have a broad application prospect in automotive electronics, industrial field and in many other different environments.
引文
[1]姚启润.旅游与气候.北京:气象出版社,1983.289-291
[2]郭成香,石凤云.四川省夏季气候舒适度的探讨.成都气象学院学报,1997,12(3):234-240
[3]廖善刚.福建省旅游气候资源分析.福建师范大学学报,1998,14(1):93-97
[4]王金亮,王平.香格里拉旅游气候舒适度的模糊综合评判.热带地理,1999,19(3):235-239
[5]刘文杰,李红梅.西双版纳旅游气候资源.自然资源,1997,(2):62-66
[6]李秀存,苏志.广西夏季旅游气候舒适度的模糊综合评判.热带地理,1992,(2):184-187
[7]钱妙芬,叶梅.旅游气候宜人度评价方法研究.成都气象学院学报,1996,11(3):128-134
[8]张清.从人体舒适度看高温及其影响.北京气象,1997(4):10-11,14
[9]张书余.医疗气象预报基础.北京:气象出版社,1999,38-42
[10]王远飞,沈愈.上海市夏季温湿效应与人体舒适度.华东师范大学学报(自然版),1998,(3):60-66
[11]徐大海,朱蓉.人对温度、湿度、风速的感觉和着衣指数的分析研究[J].应用气象学报,2000,11(4):420-439
[12]夏廉博.人类生物气象学.北京:气象出版社,1986,82-165
[13]吕伟林.体感温度及其计算方法.北京气象,1997,(4):23-25
[14] Steadman R G.Assessment of sultriness,Pt.1,A tempertature-humidity index based on human physiology and clothing science J. Appl.Meteor.,1979,18(7):861-873
[15] Steadman R G.Assessment of sultriness,Pt.1,A tempertature-humidity index based on human physiology and clothing science J. Appl.Meteor.,1979,18(7): 874-885
[16]Steadman R G..Indices of windchill of clothed persons.J.Appl.Meteor.,1971,10:674-683
[17] Steadman R G.Norms of apparent temperature in Australia. Aust.Meteor. Mag.,1994,43(1):1-16
[18]吴兑.多种人体舒适度预报公式讨论[J].气象科技,2003,31(6):370-372
[19]严明良,沈树勤.环境气象指数的设计方法探讨[J].气象科技,2005,33(6):583-588
[20] Steadman R G.Universal scale of apparent temperature.J.Climate Appl.Meteor.,1984,23(12):1674-1687
[21]张德山,邓长菊,尤焕苓等.北京地区中暑气象指数预报与服务[J].气象科技,2005,33(6):574-576
[22]冯定原,邱新法,黄桔梅.我国夏季感热温度的分布.气象,1990,15(6):21-26
[23]冯定原,邱新法.我国各地四季感热温度的计算和分析.南京气象学院学报,1990,13(1):71-79
[24]孙琼.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006,06
[25]马忠梅,李善平,叶楠.ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程[M].北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,2008,08
[26]彭宇.基于嵌入式Linux的数据采集系统的研究与设计[D].中南大学,2007
[27]杨心怀,周洁.32位RISC CPU ARM芯片的应用和造型[J].电子技术应用,2002(8)
[28]马忠梅.AT91系列ARM核微控制器结构与开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[29]周立功.ARM微控制器基础与实践[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[30]Steal David.ARM Architecture Reference Manual[M].2nded.Boston:ddison Wesley,2000
[31]罗苑棠,杨宗德.嵌入式Linux应用系统开发实例精讲.北京:电子工业出版社,2007:174-188
[32]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[33]马江涛.单片机温度控制系统的设计及实现[J].计算机测量与控制,2004,12(12):1219-1221
[34]韩小斌,朱永文.数字式温度传感器DS18B20及其应用.电子技术,2002,5:43-45
[35]凌志浩.智能仪表原理与设计技术[M].上海:华东理工大学出版,2003,08
[36]李善军.温室温湿度两级优化监控系统的研究.[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中农业大学图书馆,2005
[37]张敏.基于单片机的多点湿度检测系统设计.中国仪器仪表,2008,6:74-76
[38]孙程光.基于智能温室的多参数环境监测系统的研究与设计.[硕士学位论文].天津:河北工业大学图书馆,2006
[39]秦曾煌.电工电子学.北京:高等教育出版社,1999:188-220
[40]李光忠.基于单片机的温湿度检测系统的设计.[硕士学位论文].济南:山东大学图书馆,2007
[41]徐明,朱庆春.风向风速测量仪设计[J].设计与计算,2005,11(2):94-96
[42]胡向东,刘京诚.传感技术[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2006
[43]王黎明,陈双桥等.ARM9嵌入式系统开发与实践[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008,10
[44]Rusty Russell, Daniel Quinlan, Christopher Yeoh. Filesystem Hierarchy Standard[M]. 2004,01
[45] Alessandro Rubini, Jonathan Corbet. Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition[M].O’Reilly Media,Inc,2005
[46]宋宝华. Linux设备驱动开发详解.北京:人民邮电出版社,2008
[47]孙天泽,袁文菊.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南—基于ARM9处理器[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007,01
[48]李善平,陈文智等.边干边学—Linux内核指导.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2002
[49]于明,范书瑞,曾祥烨.ARM9嵌入式系统设计与开发教程[M].北京:电子工业出版业,2006
[50]深圳市优龙科技有限公司.Qt嵌入式图形开发[M].2004,07
[51]许建.基于QT的嵌入式浏览器和GUI的实现[D].西安电子科技大学,2008
[52]徐巍.基于ARM9和嵌入式Linux的监控系统的设计及应用[D].武汉科技大学,2008,05
[53]丁林松,黄丽琴.Qt4图形设计与嵌入式开发[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009,04
[54] Qt开发平台搭建指南.http://tech.sina.com/s/2010-01-14/18081215332.shtml
[55] Grabowski, M. R., & Roberts, K. H. (1997) . Risk mitigation in large scale systems: Lessons from high reliability organizations. California Management Review, Summer, 152-162
[56] S3C2410X 32-BIT RISC MICROPROCESSOR USER’S MANUAL, Samsung Electronics Semiconductors, Revision 1.2
[2]郭成香,石凤云.四川省夏季气候舒适度的探讨.成都气象学院学报,1997,12(3):234-240
[3]廖善刚.福建省旅游气候资源分析.福建师范大学学报,1998,14(1):93-97
[4]王金亮,王平.香格里拉旅游气候舒适度的模糊综合评判.热带地理,1999,19(3):235-239
[5]刘文杰,李红梅.西双版纳旅游气候资源.自然资源,1997,(2):62-66
[6]李秀存,苏志.广西夏季旅游气候舒适度的模糊综合评判.热带地理,1992,(2):184-187
[7]钱妙芬,叶梅.旅游气候宜人度评价方法研究.成都气象学院学报,1996,11(3):128-134
[8]张清.从人体舒适度看高温及其影响.北京气象,1997(4):10-11,14
[9]张书余.医疗气象预报基础.北京:气象出版社,1999,38-42
[10]王远飞,沈愈.上海市夏季温湿效应与人体舒适度.华东师范大学学报(自然版),1998,(3):60-66
[11]徐大海,朱蓉.人对温度、湿度、风速的感觉和着衣指数的分析研究[J].应用气象学报,2000,11(4):420-439
[12]夏廉博.人类生物气象学.北京:气象出版社,1986,82-165
[13]吕伟林.体感温度及其计算方法.北京气象,1997,(4):23-25
[14] Steadman R G.Assessment of sultriness,Pt.1,A tempertature-humidity index based on human physiology and clothing science J. Appl.Meteor.,1979,18(7):861-873
[15] Steadman R G.Assessment of sultriness,Pt.1,A tempertature-humidity index based on human physiology and clothing science J. Appl.Meteor.,1979,18(7): 874-885
[16]Steadman R G..Indices of windchill of clothed persons.J.Appl.Meteor.,1971,10:674-683
[17] Steadman R G.Norms of apparent temperature in Australia. Aust.Meteor. Mag.,1994,43(1):1-16
[18]吴兑.多种人体舒适度预报公式讨论[J].气象科技,2003,31(6):370-372
[19]严明良,沈树勤.环境气象指数的设计方法探讨[J].气象科技,2005,33(6):583-588
[20] Steadman R G.Universal scale of apparent temperature.J.Climate Appl.Meteor.,1984,23(12):1674-1687
[21]张德山,邓长菊,尤焕苓等.北京地区中暑气象指数预报与服务[J].气象科技,2005,33(6):574-576
[22]冯定原,邱新法,黄桔梅.我国夏季感热温度的分布.气象,1990,15(6):21-26
[23]冯定原,邱新法.我国各地四季感热温度的计算和分析.南京气象学院学报,1990,13(1):71-79
[24]孙琼.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006,06
[25]马忠梅,李善平,叶楠.ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程[M].北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,2008,08
[26]彭宇.基于嵌入式Linux的数据采集系统的研究与设计[D].中南大学,2007
[27]杨心怀,周洁.32位RISC CPU ARM芯片的应用和造型[J].电子技术应用,2002(8)
[28]马忠梅.AT91系列ARM核微控制器结构与开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[29]周立功.ARM微控制器基础与实践[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[30]Steal David.ARM Architecture Reference Manual[M].2nded.Boston:ddison Wesley,2000
[31]罗苑棠,杨宗德.嵌入式Linux应用系统开发实例精讲.北京:电子工业出版社,2007:174-188
[32]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[33]马江涛.单片机温度控制系统的设计及实现[J].计算机测量与控制,2004,12(12):1219-1221
[34]韩小斌,朱永文.数字式温度传感器DS18B20及其应用.电子技术,2002,5:43-45
[35]凌志浩.智能仪表原理与设计技术[M].上海:华东理工大学出版,2003,08
[36]李善军.温室温湿度两级优化监控系统的研究.[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中农业大学图书馆,2005
[37]张敏.基于单片机的多点湿度检测系统设计.中国仪器仪表,2008,6:74-76
[38]孙程光.基于智能温室的多参数环境监测系统的研究与设计.[硕士学位论文].天津:河北工业大学图书馆,2006
[39]秦曾煌.电工电子学.北京:高等教育出版社,1999:188-220
[40]李光忠.基于单片机的温湿度检测系统的设计.[硕士学位论文].济南:山东大学图书馆,2007
[41]徐明,朱庆春.风向风速测量仪设计[J].设计与计算,2005,11(2):94-96
[42]胡向东,刘京诚.传感技术[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2006
[43]王黎明,陈双桥等.ARM9嵌入式系统开发与实践[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008,10
[44]Rusty Russell, Daniel Quinlan, Christopher Yeoh. Filesystem Hierarchy Standard[M]. 2004,01
[45] Alessandro Rubini, Jonathan Corbet. Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition[M].O’Reilly Media,Inc,2005
[46]宋宝华. Linux设备驱动开发详解.北京:人民邮电出版社,2008
[47]孙天泽,袁文菊.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南—基于ARM9处理器[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007,01
[48]李善平,陈文智等.边干边学—Linux内核指导.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2002
[49]于明,范书瑞,曾祥烨.ARM9嵌入式系统设计与开发教程[M].北京:电子工业出版业,2006
[50]深圳市优龙科技有限公司.Qt嵌入式图形开发[M].2004,07
[51]许建.基于QT的嵌入式浏览器和GUI的实现[D].西安电子科技大学,2008
[52]徐巍.基于ARM9和嵌入式Linux的监控系统的设计及应用[D].武汉科技大学,2008,05
[53]丁林松,黄丽琴.Qt4图形设计与嵌入式开发[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009,04
[54] Qt开发平台搭建指南.http://tech.sina.com/s/2010-01-14/18081215332.shtml
[55] Grabowski, M. R., & Roberts, K. H. (1997) . Risk mitigation in large scale systems: Lessons from high reliability organizations. California Management Review, Summer, 152-162
[56] S3C2410X 32-BIT RISC MICROPROCESSOR USER’S MANUAL, Samsung Electronics Semiconductors, Revision 1.2