制浆造纸废水深度处理技术的研究与应用
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摘要
2008年6月25日,国家环保部批准了《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB3544-2008)。新标准比原标准更加严格,同时增加了氮、磷、AOX、色度等指标。而对于现有废纸制浆与造纸企业,废水排放的新标准将从2009年5月1号开始实施。其中变化最大的就是COD_(Cr),标准从原来的250 mg/L下降到120mg/L。只采用常规的二级处理工艺,很难达到新的排放要求,因此,寻找一种有效的、可行的深度处理工艺,对于造纸行业的许多企业来说,已经刻不容缓。
本文结合广州某造纸集团有限公司的污水处理系统技术改造项目,通过对各种制浆造纸废水深度处理工艺进行可行性与经济性对比分析,并通过试验验证,项目建设,以及生产性运行分析,得出了以下结论:
1.制浆造纸废水经过二级生化处理后,废水的可生化性比较差,难于继续用生物处理工艺进行进一步的深度处理,只能考虑化学混凝、高级氧化工艺、或者组合工艺。
2.选择合适的絮凝剂,并且加药量达到一定浓度时,混凝化学法能够对经生化处理后的制浆造纸废水的难生物降解COD_(Cr)与色度有进一步的去除效果,对于实验所用的经生化处理后的制浆造纸废水(pH 7.13,TCOD_(Cr) 176.5mg/L,SCOD_(Cr) 157.4 mg/L,SS 38.0 mg/L,BOD5 9.5 mg/L,色度50倍),经处理SCOD_(Cr)的去除率可达45%以上,色度去除率可达84%以上,吨水处理成本可以控制在1.0元以内。
3.采用超效浅层气浮工艺对制浆造纸二级生化处理后的废水进行深度处理,处理成本(含电费)大概0.8元/m3左右,脱色率可达85% ,COD_(Cr)去除率高达50.0%。在生化系统出水COD_(Cr)<200mg/L的情况下,可以稳定出水在100mg/L以下,满足最新的排放要求。相对其他深度处理工艺,具有运行成本低,脱色、污染物去除效果好,运行稳定,操作简单等优点。在目前的环保技术水平条件下,可以说是一种比较合适的制浆造纸废水深度处理工艺。
The state environmental protection agency authorize The Discharge standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry (GB3544 -2008) On June 25, 2008. The new standard is more strictly than the original one. Also increased Nitrogen, Phosphorus , AOX and Chroma indicators etc. And to the old Waste paper pulp and Papermaking Enterprises, the new Discharge standard will carry out from 2009, May 1. One the biggest change is COD_(Cr),the standard will from the original 250mg/L down to 120mg/L. Only with normal level 2 treatment process, it is difficult to reach new emissions requirements. Therefore, in search of an effective and feasible deep treatment for many enterprises of papermaking industry, it is urgent.
Combining with the Guangzhou paper co.,LTD’s sewage treatment system technology reconstruction project, through various depth of pulping and papermaking wastewater treatment process for feasibility and efficiency analysis, and test, project construction, and productive operation analysis, obtained the following conclusions:
1. The Pulp & Paper Wastewater after secondary biochemical treatment, biochemical sex is poorer, can be difficult to continue using biological treatment technology for further deep treatment, can consider the chemical coagulation, advanced oxidation process, or combinations of process.
2. Choose appropriate flocculants and dosing amount reaches a certain chroma, coagulation chemical method can further remove stubborn biodegradable COD_(Cr) and chroma of The Pulp & Paper Wastewater. For the experiment USES The Pulp & Paper Wastewater treatment after biochemical treatment (pH 7.13,TCOD_(Cr) 176.5mg/L,SCOD_(Cr) 157.4 mg/L,SS 38.0 mg/L,BOD5 9.5 mg/L,chroma 50 times), SCOD_(Cr) removal can reach more than 45%, chroma removal rate can amount to 84 percent or more. Tons of water treatment costs can be controlled in 1.0 RMB.
3. Use the shallow air-floatation for pulp &paper wastewater biochemical treatment after in-depth processing, Processing cost (including electricity) about 0.8 yuan/m3. Determined.the decolored rate can reach 85%, COD_(Cr) removal rate as high as 50.0%. In the case of biochemical system effluent COD_(Cr) < 200mg/L, Can be a constant flow in 100mg/L below, and Meet the latest emission requirements. Relative to other deep treatment, with lower cost, decoloring, pollutant removal efficiency, stable operation, simple operation etc. In the current environmental technology level condition, can say it is a more appropriate depth of pulping and papermaking wastewater treatment process.
本文结合广州某造纸集团有限公司的污水处理系统技术改造项目,通过对各种制浆造纸废水深度处理工艺进行可行性与经济性对比分析,并通过试验验证,项目建设,以及生产性运行分析,得出了以下结论:
1.制浆造纸废水经过二级生化处理后,废水的可生化性比较差,难于继续用生物处理工艺进行进一步的深度处理,只能考虑化学混凝、高级氧化工艺、或者组合工艺。
2.选择合适的絮凝剂,并且加药量达到一定浓度时,混凝化学法能够对经生化处理后的制浆造纸废水的难生物降解COD_(Cr)与色度有进一步的去除效果,对于实验所用的经生化处理后的制浆造纸废水(pH 7.13,TCOD_(Cr) 176.5mg/L,SCOD_(Cr) 157.4 mg/L,SS 38.0 mg/L,BOD5 9.5 mg/L,色度50倍),经处理SCOD_(Cr)的去除率可达45%以上,色度去除率可达84%以上,吨水处理成本可以控制在1.0元以内。
3.采用超效浅层气浮工艺对制浆造纸二级生化处理后的废水进行深度处理,处理成本(含电费)大概0.8元/m3左右,脱色率可达85% ,COD_(Cr)去除率高达50.0%。在生化系统出水COD_(Cr)<200mg/L的情况下,可以稳定出水在100mg/L以下,满足最新的排放要求。相对其他深度处理工艺,具有运行成本低,脱色、污染物去除效果好,运行稳定,操作简单等优点。在目前的环保技术水平条件下,可以说是一种比较合适的制浆造纸废水深度处理工艺。
The state environmental protection agency authorize The Discharge standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry (GB3544 -2008) On June 25, 2008. The new standard is more strictly than the original one. Also increased Nitrogen, Phosphorus , AOX and Chroma indicators etc. And to the old Waste paper pulp and Papermaking Enterprises, the new Discharge standard will carry out from 2009, May 1. One the biggest change is COD_(Cr),the standard will from the original 250mg/L down to 120mg/L. Only with normal level 2 treatment process, it is difficult to reach new emissions requirements. Therefore, in search of an effective and feasible deep treatment for many enterprises of papermaking industry, it is urgent.
Combining with the Guangzhou paper co.,LTD’s sewage treatment system technology reconstruction project, through various depth of pulping and papermaking wastewater treatment process for feasibility and efficiency analysis, and test, project construction, and productive operation analysis, obtained the following conclusions:
1. The Pulp & Paper Wastewater after secondary biochemical treatment, biochemical sex is poorer, can be difficult to continue using biological treatment technology for further deep treatment, can consider the chemical coagulation, advanced oxidation process, or combinations of process.
2. Choose appropriate flocculants and dosing amount reaches a certain chroma, coagulation chemical method can further remove stubborn biodegradable COD_(Cr) and chroma of The Pulp & Paper Wastewater. For the experiment USES The Pulp & Paper Wastewater treatment after biochemical treatment (pH 7.13,TCOD_(Cr) 176.5mg/L,SCOD_(Cr) 157.4 mg/L,SS 38.0 mg/L,BOD5 9.5 mg/L,chroma 50 times), SCOD_(Cr) removal can reach more than 45%, chroma removal rate can amount to 84 percent or more. Tons of water treatment costs can be controlled in 1.0 RMB.
3. Use the shallow air-floatation for pulp &paper wastewater biochemical treatment after in-depth processing, Processing cost (including electricity) about 0.8 yuan/m3. Determined.the decolored rate can reach 85%, COD_(Cr) removal rate as high as 50.0%. In the case of biochemical system effluent COD_(Cr) < 200mg/L, Can be a constant flow in 100mg/L below, and Meet the latest emission requirements. Relative to other deep treatment, with lower cost, decoloring, pollutant removal efficiency, stable operation, simple operation etc. In the current environmental technology level condition, can say it is a more appropriate depth of pulping and papermaking wastewater treatment process.
引文
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[3]顾民达.造纸工业发展成就及存在问题[J].中华纸业, 2009, 30(3):75-79
[4]武书彬等.造纸工业水污染控制与治理技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2001:1-50
[5]房桂干.论制浆造纸废水深度处理新技术[J].中华纸业,2009,30(18):6-10
[6]陶用珍,管映亭.木质素的化学结构及其应用[J].纤维素科学与技术, 2003, 11(1):42-55
[7]雷中方,陆雍森.木质素在厌氧生物处理过程中的转化[J].同济大学学报, 1995, 23(4) :421-426
[8]洪卫,刘勃,苏颖等.制浆造纸废水深度处理技术解析[J].中华纸业, 2009, 30(7) :76-81
[9]刘廷志,段希磊,段韦江,胡惠仁.制浆造纸低浓废水的吸附絮凝法深度处理[ J ].中国造纸, 2010, 29(1) :43-46
[10]张旋,姜洪雷.造纸废水治理技术的研究进展[J].工业水处理, 2007, (01):8-11
[11] E.Milanova,B.B.Sithole.Acute Toxicity to Fish and Solution Stability ofSome Biocides Used in the Paper Idustry[J]. Wat.Sci.Tech.2000, 35(2~3): 373-380
[12]张芝兰,陆雍森.木质素混凝剂的性质及其应用研究[J].水处理技术.1997, 23(1):38-44
[13]隋智慧,宋旭梅,张景杉.PBS混凝剂处理造纸综合废水[J].非金属矿. 2006, 29(1) : 40~48
[14]兰家声.制浆造纸厂洗浆水的絮凝试验总结[J].轻工环保.1994, 16(1): 38-44
[15]刘廷志,段希磊,段韦江,胡惠仁.制浆造纸低浓废水的吸附絮凝法深度处理[ J ] .中国造纸, 2010, 29(1):43-46
[16]崔延龄.废水排放新标准和深度处理.中华纸业, 2009, 30(2): 11-13
[17]叶丰,戴晶,马春明.连续微滤和反渗透集成工艺深度处理造纸废水[J].天津工业大学学报,2008,27(2):44- 47
[18]刘成波.活性碳吸附法降低造纸废水中COD的研究[J].造纸科学与技术,2 002, 21(6): 64-66
[19]吕玉娟,张雪利.气浮分离法的研究现状和发展方向[J].工业水处理, 2007, 27(1): 58-61
[20]许燕,王征.多种强化混凝技术在制浆造纸废水深度处理中的应用探讨[J].工业水处理. 2010, 30(7):15-18
[21]陆吉明.无锡沪东麦斯特全新深度处理技术及应用[J].造纸信息, 2009, 3:12-15
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