O_2/CO_2气氛下煤粉燃烧特性及性能研究
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摘要
温室效应导致的全球气候变暖问题日益突出,而导致温室效应的主要因素是矿物燃料燃烧造成的大量CO2排放,其中燃煤电厂排放出的CO2占世界上CO2总排放量的1/3。减少CO2排放的重要途径是碳捕集与封存(CCS),其中O2/CO2燃烧技术是一种便于直接捕集高浓度CO2、综合控制燃煤污染物排放的新一代洁净煤发电技术,具有明显的优势和较强的应用前景。为此,研究煤粉在O2/CO2气氛下的燃烧特性和性能有着重要的意义。
本文采用三种不同的标准煤样,利用热重分析仪,分别在N2和CO2气氛下进行了非等温热解实验,并在O2/N2和O2/CO2不同体积配比气氛下进行了非等温燃烧实验,计算并分析了煤粉燃烧特征参数、特性指数和化学反应动力学参数。结果表明：相同氧浓度下,CO2代替N2后,着火和燃尽滞后,反应强度减小,化学反应机理发生了变化,挥发分释放、可燃和燃尽性能变差,增加氧气浓度后有所改善；煤粉在30%O2/70%CO2和空气气氛下燃烧特性的相似性与沉降炉试验或数值模拟有一定的差别,认为是煤粉颗粒周围反应气流氧浓度变化的差别造成的。
通过分析实验数据,了解了煤粉在O2/CO2气氛下的燃烧特性后,为了进一步研究煤粉在O2/CO2气氛下的燃烧性能,本文利用计算流体力学软件Fluent,对某电厂600MW四角切向燃烧锅炉炉内燃烧过程进行了数值模拟,通过对模拟结果的分析,验证了所建物理模型、所选数学模型及网格划分的合理性,然后进行了O2/CO2不同体积配比以及燃烧器不同配风方式下的数值模拟,分析了炉内速度、温度、组分、热流密度和吸热量等分布特点。结果表明：相比空气气氛,21%O2/79%CO2气氛燃烧滞后,炉膛温度、辐射力水平和燃尽率降低,氧气浓度增加后有所提高；O2/CO2不同体积配比中,29%O2/71%CO2燃烧状况与空气气氛最为接近,但NO排放大幅降低；减少燃尽风,炉膛壁面平均热流密度增加,旋流强度增加；上调一次风口,灰渣含碳量降低,燃尽率升高；正宝塔、倒宝塔、哑铃和双缩腰配风方式中,双缩腰配风方式炉膛壁面热流密度、总吸热量、燃尽率较高,火焰位于炉膛中心,火焰贴壁现象较轻；烟气湿式循环相对干式循环,火焰贴壁现象减轻,辐射力增强,气流的蓄热量增加,整体换热状况改善,考虑到烟气干燥的成本,宜采用烟气湿式循环。
本文为煤粉在O2/CO2气氛下燃烧特性的研究和锅炉O2/CO2燃烧的改造、设计提供了重要而有意义的参考依据。
Global warming caused by greenhouse effect has become increasingly prominent. The major factor of greenhouse effect is massive CO2 emission followed by fossil fuel combustion and power plant emission accounts for one third emission of the total world CO2. CCS (CO2 Capture and Storage) is the most effective way to reduce CO2 emission. Among CCS technologies, O2/CO2 combustion technology is considered to be a new generation of clean coal power generation technology, with obvious advantages and good prospect, which is easy to trap high concentration CO2 directly without separation and control pollutant emission comprehensively. Therefore, the importance of study on combustion characteristics and performance of pulverized coal in O2/CO2 atmosphere is significant.
Non-isothermal experiments of three types of pulverized coal (PC) were conducted in thermo-gravimetric analyzer including PC pyrolysis in N2 and CO2 atmospheres, PC combustion in different proportions of O2/N2 and O2/CO2 atmospheres. Combustion characteristic parameters, combustion characteristic indexes and kinetic parameters for PC were calculated and analyzed. Research shows that, at the same O2 concentration when N2 is replaced by CO2, both PC ignition and burnout temperatures are lagged, the performance of volatile releasing characteristics, flammability and burnout deteriorates, reaction intensity declines and reaction mechanism changes, with the increase of O2 concentration, PC combustion performance is improved. The results also show the similarity of PC combustion characteristics between 30%O2/70%CO2 and air atmosphere is different from the results from tube furnace tests or numerical simulations due to the different oxygen concentration around pulverized coal particles.
After analyzing the experimental data, the characteristics of coal combustion in O2/CO2 atmosphere were learned. PC combustion process of a 600MW tangential boiler was numerically simulated with the Computational Fluid Dynamics software FLUENT, based on the analysis, the rationality of the physical, mathematic model and the method of meshing were verified. The conditions in different proportion of O2/CO2 and different air distribution mode were numerical simulated, flow field, temperature profile, components concentrations, wall heat flux, heat absorption and so on were analyzed. Research shows that:comparing to air condition, the combustion of 21%02/79%C02 atmosphere is lagged, the boiler temperature and radiation levels reduces, burnout rate declines, with the increase of O2 concentration, PC combustion performance is improved; the combustion of 29%02/71%CO2 atmosphere is most closest to air atmosphere, but the emission of NO significantly reduces; after reducing the amount of OFA, the average wall heat flux increases, boiler flue gas rotation intensity increases; after increasing the height of primary air tuyere, the unburned carbon in slag reduces, burnout degree increases; among the type of secondary air distribution (Equal, Normal pagoda, Waist drum, Dumbbell, Double waist), the Double waist type's combustion performance is the best, whose flame is closed to the furnace center, the phenomenon of flame attachment reduces, furnace wall heat flux, total heat absorption and burnout degree are high; comparing to dry flue gas recycle, the phenomenon of flame attachment of wet flue gas recycle reduces, rotation intensity increases, the amount of storage heat increases, the overall heat transfer conditions is improved, then taking into account the cost of evaporation of flue gas, should adopt the wet recycle.
The research results gained in this paper could provide significant reference to research on the combustion characteristics of pulverized coal and O2/CO2 combustion alteration or design of boiler.
本文采用三种不同的标准煤样,利用热重分析仪,分别在N2和CO2气氛下进行了非等温热解实验,并在O2/N2和O2/CO2不同体积配比气氛下进行了非等温燃烧实验,计算并分析了煤粉燃烧特征参数、特性指数和化学反应动力学参数。结果表明：相同氧浓度下,CO2代替N2后,着火和燃尽滞后,反应强度减小,化学反应机理发生了变化,挥发分释放、可燃和燃尽性能变差,增加氧气浓度后有所改善；煤粉在30%O2/70%CO2和空气气氛下燃烧特性的相似性与沉降炉试验或数值模拟有一定的差别,认为是煤粉颗粒周围反应气流氧浓度变化的差别造成的。
通过分析实验数据,了解了煤粉在O2/CO2气氛下的燃烧特性后,为了进一步研究煤粉在O2/CO2气氛下的燃烧性能,本文利用计算流体力学软件Fluent,对某电厂600MW四角切向燃烧锅炉炉内燃烧过程进行了数值模拟,通过对模拟结果的分析,验证了所建物理模型、所选数学模型及网格划分的合理性,然后进行了O2/CO2不同体积配比以及燃烧器不同配风方式下的数值模拟,分析了炉内速度、温度、组分、热流密度和吸热量等分布特点。结果表明：相比空气气氛,21%O2/79%CO2气氛燃烧滞后,炉膛温度、辐射力水平和燃尽率降低,氧气浓度增加后有所提高；O2/CO2不同体积配比中,29%O2/71%CO2燃烧状况与空气气氛最为接近,但NO排放大幅降低；减少燃尽风,炉膛壁面平均热流密度增加,旋流强度增加；上调一次风口,灰渣含碳量降低,燃尽率升高；正宝塔、倒宝塔、哑铃和双缩腰配风方式中,双缩腰配风方式炉膛壁面热流密度、总吸热量、燃尽率较高,火焰位于炉膛中心,火焰贴壁现象较轻；烟气湿式循环相对干式循环,火焰贴壁现象减轻,辐射力增强,气流的蓄热量增加,整体换热状况改善,考虑到烟气干燥的成本,宜采用烟气湿式循环。
本文为煤粉在O2/CO2气氛下燃烧特性的研究和锅炉O2/CO2燃烧的改造、设计提供了重要而有意义的参考依据。
Global warming caused by greenhouse effect has become increasingly prominent. The major factor of greenhouse effect is massive CO2 emission followed by fossil fuel combustion and power plant emission accounts for one third emission of the total world CO2. CCS (CO2 Capture and Storage) is the most effective way to reduce CO2 emission. Among CCS technologies, O2/CO2 combustion technology is considered to be a new generation of clean coal power generation technology, with obvious advantages and good prospect, which is easy to trap high concentration CO2 directly without separation and control pollutant emission comprehensively. Therefore, the importance of study on combustion characteristics and performance of pulverized coal in O2/CO2 atmosphere is significant.
Non-isothermal experiments of three types of pulverized coal (PC) were conducted in thermo-gravimetric analyzer including PC pyrolysis in N2 and CO2 atmospheres, PC combustion in different proportions of O2/N2 and O2/CO2 atmospheres. Combustion characteristic parameters, combustion characteristic indexes and kinetic parameters for PC were calculated and analyzed. Research shows that, at the same O2 concentration when N2 is replaced by CO2, both PC ignition and burnout temperatures are lagged, the performance of volatile releasing characteristics, flammability and burnout deteriorates, reaction intensity declines and reaction mechanism changes, with the increase of O2 concentration, PC combustion performance is improved. The results also show the similarity of PC combustion characteristics between 30%O2/70%CO2 and air atmosphere is different from the results from tube furnace tests or numerical simulations due to the different oxygen concentration around pulverized coal particles.
After analyzing the experimental data, the characteristics of coal combustion in O2/CO2 atmosphere were learned. PC combustion process of a 600MW tangential boiler was numerically simulated with the Computational Fluid Dynamics software FLUENT, based on the analysis, the rationality of the physical, mathematic model and the method of meshing were verified. The conditions in different proportion of O2/CO2 and different air distribution mode were numerical simulated, flow field, temperature profile, components concentrations, wall heat flux, heat absorption and so on were analyzed. Research shows that:comparing to air condition, the combustion of 21%02/79%C02 atmosphere is lagged, the boiler temperature and radiation levels reduces, burnout rate declines, with the increase of O2 concentration, PC combustion performance is improved; the combustion of 29%02/71%CO2 atmosphere is most closest to air atmosphere, but the emission of NO significantly reduces; after reducing the amount of OFA, the average wall heat flux increases, boiler flue gas rotation intensity increases; after increasing the height of primary air tuyere, the unburned carbon in slag reduces, burnout degree increases; among the type of secondary air distribution (Equal, Normal pagoda, Waist drum, Dumbbell, Double waist), the Double waist type's combustion performance is the best, whose flame is closed to the furnace center, the phenomenon of flame attachment reduces, furnace wall heat flux, total heat absorption and burnout degree are high; comparing to dry flue gas recycle, the phenomenon of flame attachment of wet flue gas recycle reduces, rotation intensity increases, the amount of storage heat increases, the overall heat transfer conditions is improved, then taking into account the cost of evaporation of flue gas, should adopt the wet recycle.
The research results gained in this paper could provide significant reference to research on the combustion characteristics of pulverized coal and O2/CO2 combustion alteration or design of boiler.
引文
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