民营化改革对中国林业产业的影响研究
摘要
论文以民营化(Privatization)改革为分析对象,通过对民营化的理论基础、方式、措施及林业产业民营化改革的原因、历程的分析,深入探讨了民营化改革以来我国林业产业的经济成分即所有制结构变动状况,不同所有制或不同产权组织之间的效益差异;也就是说,民营化改革究竟对林业产业的效益产生了怎样的影响,影响程度如何?以及林业产业民营化的发展潜力和空间还有多大?以及继续民营化改革的客观趋势。
论文首先从开放的角度系统并简要地研究了中心发达国家在实施公有经济民营化改革中的理论基础以及相应的改革措施,分析了我国公有经济进行战略性的调整中,公有经济是否应当继续民营化?民营化多少?如何民营化?以及民营化的速度、策略、工具应当如何选择等问题,并对公有经济的行为与效率的关系进行了探讨;然后分析了民营化改革以来我国林业产业所有制结构的变动情况。
在此基础上,利用第二次全国基本单位普查数据(2001年),在全部产业的基础上,考察了最新的民营化发展的动态,考察20多年来民营化改革和所产生的相应绩效效果。按照现行的企业产权注册的分类指标,通过相应的实证模型,检验不同所有权因素对于林业产业效率的影响及其程度。结果发现:国有企业(包括传统国有、国有独资和国有控股)对于效率具有明显的负作用,私营企业、股份有限企业都表现为积极的对于效率的正相关推动作用,其中,股份有限企业推动产业效率的作用最强,私营和有限责任企业其次,再次则是外资和集体企业。
论文还从国有企业效率、民营化改革的经济基础和政策导向、民营化改革是中国加入世界贸易组织的必然要求、民营化是深化政府管制体制改革的重要途径、民营化可减轻政府财政负担和提高投资效率、需求增长对民营化改革的支持作用等方面,讨论中国林业产业继续推行民营化改革的客观趋势。
研究认为:20多年来的民营化改革,使林业产业中各行业的所有制结构发生了巨大的变化。从20世纪80年代初期公有产权一统天下的格局开始,非公有产权的经济已经和正在逐步地发展壮大,到今天,非公有产权林业经济已经成为整个经济中不可缺少的重要组成部分。林业产业的民营化改革是必要的,民营化能带来效率的增长,民营化经济比未民营化的经济具有较高的效率。民营化后形成的各种经济产权结构还不尽合理,对其进一步民营化仍然有潜力。对产业中仍然存在的较大比重的国有经济来说,国有产权需要退出,以便减少其产生的消极效应,增加私有产权的积极效应。对于混合产权的股份经济则需要继续调整其产权结构,降低国有股或国有法人股,提高个人资本股权的比重。这是形成合理的股权结构的重要途径,也是促进产业效率增长的源泉。
With the analytical object of reform of privatization and through making a analysis of theoretic foundation, forms, measures of privatization and the causes and process of forestry industry privatization reform, this paper deeply probed into the changes of ownership structure of forestry industry in China and the performance difference between all forms of ownership since the privatization reform launching. In other words, how do the privatization reform influence the performance of forestry industry and what is the extent of this impact, how many potentials and spaces of development of forestry industry privatization reform, and what is the tendency of continuous privatization reform?Beginning from open systematic angel, with study on theoretic foundation and measures of carrying out economic privatization reform in former socialist countries, periphery developing countries, and central developed countries, the paper analyzed the issues that, in the strategic adjustment of public sector of economy, whether the public sector should go on privatizing, and if so how and by how much, and its rate, strategies, instruments. Also, the paper discussed the relation between conduct and efficiency of public sector of economy. And then it probed into the changes of ownership structure of forestry industry in China since the privatization reform launching.Based on the analysis mentioned above, using data of the second national basic units census of China (2001), the paper described the new situation of privatization development, its more-then-20-year history and its performance. According to category indicators of present enterprise ownership registration, utilizing related positive model, the paper examined the impact and its degree of different ownerships on efficiency of forestry industry. It turned out that state-owned enterprises (including tradition state-owned, wholly state-funded and state-controlled enterprises) had obvious passive impact on efficiency, while individual-running enterprises and joint-stock companies had positive impact, among which joint-stock companies had the strongest promotion impact on forestry industry, followed by individual-running enterprises and limited companies, foreign-capital enterprises and collectively-owned enterprises.Moreover, the paper had explored the objective tendency of continuing carrying out privatization reform of China's forestry industry in the basis of following aspects: 1) the efficiency of state-owned enterprises, 2) economic foundation and policy orientation of privatization reform, 3) necessity of privatization reform when China access to World Trade Organization, 4) privatization is an important approach to deepen the reform of
governmental controlling system, 5) privatization can alleviate fiscal burden of government and heighten the investment efficiency, 6) the support of increasing demand to privatization reform.The research considered that the privatization reform over the past more than 20 years had greatly changed the ownership structure of forestry industry. Since early 1980s when public ownership has dominated all sectors of economy, non-public ownership has already established and developed gradually. Now non-public sector of forestry economy has been an indispensable part of whole economy. Privatization reform of forestry industry is necessary because it can bring about efficiency increase. Also there is potential space of further privatization because the economic structure of all sorts of ownership is unreasonable after privatization beginning. State-owned sector need be retreated from the state-owned economy with great majority so that can decrease its passive effect and increase positive of non-state-owned sector. Furthermore, ownership structure of joint-stock sector need be continuous adjusted to lower state-held shares or state-owned corporate shares and heighten individual-capital shares, which is an important approach to formulate reasonable share structure and headspring to speed efficiency of the industry.
论文首先从开放的角度系统并简要地研究了中心发达国家在实施公有经济民营化改革中的理论基础以及相应的改革措施,分析了我国公有经济进行战略性的调整中,公有经济是否应当继续民营化?民营化多少?如何民营化?以及民营化的速度、策略、工具应当如何选择等问题,并对公有经济的行为与效率的关系进行了探讨;然后分析了民营化改革以来我国林业产业所有制结构的变动情况。
在此基础上,利用第二次全国基本单位普查数据(2001年),在全部产业的基础上,考察了最新的民营化发展的动态,考察20多年来民营化改革和所产生的相应绩效效果。按照现行的企业产权注册的分类指标,通过相应的实证模型,检验不同所有权因素对于林业产业效率的影响及其程度。结果发现:国有企业(包括传统国有、国有独资和国有控股)对于效率具有明显的负作用,私营企业、股份有限企业都表现为积极的对于效率的正相关推动作用,其中,股份有限企业推动产业效率的作用最强,私营和有限责任企业其次,再次则是外资和集体企业。
论文还从国有企业效率、民营化改革的经济基础和政策导向、民营化改革是中国加入世界贸易组织的必然要求、民营化是深化政府管制体制改革的重要途径、民营化可减轻政府财政负担和提高投资效率、需求增长对民营化改革的支持作用等方面,讨论中国林业产业继续推行民营化改革的客观趋势。
研究认为:20多年来的民营化改革,使林业产业中各行业的所有制结构发生了巨大的变化。从20世纪80年代初期公有产权一统天下的格局开始,非公有产权的经济已经和正在逐步地发展壮大,到今天,非公有产权林业经济已经成为整个经济中不可缺少的重要组成部分。林业产业的民营化改革是必要的,民营化能带来效率的增长,民营化经济比未民营化的经济具有较高的效率。民营化后形成的各种经济产权结构还不尽合理,对其进一步民营化仍然有潜力。对产业中仍然存在的较大比重的国有经济来说,国有产权需要退出,以便减少其产生的消极效应,增加私有产权的积极效应。对于混合产权的股份经济则需要继续调整其产权结构,降低国有股或国有法人股,提高个人资本股权的比重。这是形成合理的股权结构的重要途径,也是促进产业效率增长的源泉。
With the analytical object of reform of privatization and through making a analysis of theoretic foundation, forms, measures of privatization and the causes and process of forestry industry privatization reform, this paper deeply probed into the changes of ownership structure of forestry industry in China and the performance difference between all forms of ownership since the privatization reform launching. In other words, how do the privatization reform influence the performance of forestry industry and what is the extent of this impact, how many potentials and spaces of development of forestry industry privatization reform, and what is the tendency of continuous privatization reform?Beginning from open systematic angel, with study on theoretic foundation and measures of carrying out economic privatization reform in former socialist countries, periphery developing countries, and central developed countries, the paper analyzed the issues that, in the strategic adjustment of public sector of economy, whether the public sector should go on privatizing, and if so how and by how much, and its rate, strategies, instruments. Also, the paper discussed the relation between conduct and efficiency of public sector of economy. And then it probed into the changes of ownership structure of forestry industry in China since the privatization reform launching.Based on the analysis mentioned above, using data of the second national basic units census of China (2001), the paper described the new situation of privatization development, its more-then-20-year history and its performance. According to category indicators of present enterprise ownership registration, utilizing related positive model, the paper examined the impact and its degree of different ownerships on efficiency of forestry industry. It turned out that state-owned enterprises (including tradition state-owned, wholly state-funded and state-controlled enterprises) had obvious passive impact on efficiency, while individual-running enterprises and joint-stock companies had positive impact, among which joint-stock companies had the strongest promotion impact on forestry industry, followed by individual-running enterprises and limited companies, foreign-capital enterprises and collectively-owned enterprises.Moreover, the paper had explored the objective tendency of continuing carrying out privatization reform of China's forestry industry in the basis of following aspects: 1) the efficiency of state-owned enterprises, 2) economic foundation and policy orientation of privatization reform, 3) necessity of privatization reform when China access to World Trade Organization, 4) privatization is an important approach to deepen the reform of
governmental controlling system, 5) privatization can alleviate fiscal burden of government and heighten the investment efficiency, 6) the support of increasing demand to privatization reform.The research considered that the privatization reform over the past more than 20 years had greatly changed the ownership structure of forestry industry. Since early 1980s when public ownership has dominated all sectors of economy, non-public ownership has already established and developed gradually. Now non-public sector of forestry economy has been an indispensable part of whole economy. Privatization reform of forestry industry is necessary because it can bring about efficiency increase. Also there is potential space of further privatization because the economic structure of all sorts of ownership is unreasonable after privatization beginning. State-owned sector need be retreated from the state-owned economy with great majority so that can decrease its passive effect and increase positive of non-state-owned sector. Furthermore, ownership structure of joint-stock sector need be continuous adjusted to lower state-held shares or state-owned corporate shares and heighten individual-capital shares, which is an important approach to formulate reasonable share structure and headspring to speed efficiency of the industry.
引文
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