大功率LED扩展光源的光学设计方法研究
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摘要
LED作为新一代固体照明光源,对其进行光学系统设计,不仅可以减少能源消耗与环境污染,而且可以缩小灯具体积、延长整个照明系统的使用寿命,但是由于LED的光源结构和光学特性等和传统光源有很大的区别,使得现有的基于成像光学的照明设计方法无法直接应用于LED。在照明光学设计中由于光学自由曲面可以在分配LED光强的同时控制光线出射角度,有着灵活的空间布局和较大的设计自由度,简化光学系统的结构,非常适用于基于LED的光学系统设计,目前应用广泛的自由曲面设计方法主要采用微分方程构造方法,这种方法在LED点光源二次透镜领域应用广泛,可以得到较为理想的结果,但是对于LED封装透镜及LED集成光源二次光学设计并不适用,所以针对LED扩展光源光学设计展开研究既具有理论价值又含有实际的意义。本课题主要创新点在于利用非成像光学边缘光线理论方法以及反馈修正算法构造应用于大功率LED扩展光源的光学自由曲面来实现高能量利用率的均匀照明光学系统。
LED扩展光源旋转轴对称透镜设计问题：在已知LED扩展光源尺寸以及辐射特性的前提下,基于LED光源各向亮度守恒的条件,根据边缘光线理论建立目标平面照度或者光强与亮度的等式关系,确定数值计算初始曲线迭代得到自由曲面截线数据,通过3D建模软件旋转对称建立光学模型。
LED扩展光源道路照明透镜设计问题：在已知LED扩展光源尺寸以及辐射特性的前提下,基于能量守恒划分网格计算LED理想点光源自由曲面透镜,在光学仿真时将光源替换为扩展光源比较仿真照度与预期照度差别,计算修真系数带入点光源计算模型进行多次修正可得到理想光学模型。
本课题随即利用以上的设计理论设计了旋转轴对称以及道路照明光学系统,并且利用光学仿真软件Tracepro对所设计模型做了验证,证明了设计方法的正确及有效性。
The use of solid-state lighting sources, especially light-emitting diode (LED) as a light source for lighting system design not only can greatly save energy, reduce environmental pollution, but also reduce the light volume, extended system life. However, due to the difference of structural and optical properties between LED and traditional light sources, existing lighting design based on optical imaging methods can not be directly applied to LED. Large flexible space layout and design freedom of freeform surface simplify the structure of the optical system especially in the illumination optical design, optical freeform surface can control LED light intensity and control the angle of light emitted at the same time point, it is very suitable for LED-based lighting system design, The current widely used method of free surface design method is differential structure, this method is widely used in the field of secondary lens of LED light source and more satisfactory results can be obtained by this method. But it does not apply to secondary optical design for LED packaging and LED integrated light source lens. Therefore, the research on the optical design method for LED extended sources not only has theoretical value but also actual meaning. The main subject of innovation of our study is the use of non-imaging optical edged-ray theory and the feedback correction algorithm theory method to construct optical free-form surface for high-power LED extended sources to achieve high energy efficiency and uniform illumination optical system.
Design problems of lens axis of rotation symmetry:As we know the size of LED extended source, and its radiation spectrum, based on the conditions of conservation of the brightness of the LED light source, equation can be build between the light illumination and brightness target plane by edged-ray theory, determine the initial curve of the free surface and Numerical iteration to get data of the cut line, then rotationally symmetric optical model can be established by 3D modeling software.
Road lighting Lens design problem of LED extended source:As we know the size of LED extended source, and its radiation spectrum, the point data of the free-form surface can be achieved based on the edged-ray theory and grid method,then the light source is replaced by extended light source in the optical simulation and the difference between expected Illumination and simulation illumination is compared, optimization coefficients are calculated and bring it into point source model calculation and the ideal optical model can be obtained by multiple amendments.
The subject then use the above design theory to design rotation axis symmetric optical system road lighting system, the design models are ssimulated by Optical simulation software, the optical design methods are proved to be right and effective.
LED扩展光源旋转轴对称透镜设计问题：在已知LED扩展光源尺寸以及辐射特性的前提下,基于LED光源各向亮度守恒的条件,根据边缘光线理论建立目标平面照度或者光强与亮度的等式关系,确定数值计算初始曲线迭代得到自由曲面截线数据,通过3D建模软件旋转对称建立光学模型。
LED扩展光源道路照明透镜设计问题：在已知LED扩展光源尺寸以及辐射特性的前提下,基于能量守恒划分网格计算LED理想点光源自由曲面透镜,在光学仿真时将光源替换为扩展光源比较仿真照度与预期照度差别,计算修真系数带入点光源计算模型进行多次修正可得到理想光学模型。
本课题随即利用以上的设计理论设计了旋转轴对称以及道路照明光学系统,并且利用光学仿真软件Tracepro对所设计模型做了验证,证明了设计方法的正确及有效性。
The use of solid-state lighting sources, especially light-emitting diode (LED) as a light source for lighting system design not only can greatly save energy, reduce environmental pollution, but also reduce the light volume, extended system life. However, due to the difference of structural and optical properties between LED and traditional light sources, existing lighting design based on optical imaging methods can not be directly applied to LED. Large flexible space layout and design freedom of freeform surface simplify the structure of the optical system especially in the illumination optical design, optical freeform surface can control LED light intensity and control the angle of light emitted at the same time point, it is very suitable for LED-based lighting system design, The current widely used method of free surface design method is differential structure, this method is widely used in the field of secondary lens of LED light source and more satisfactory results can be obtained by this method. But it does not apply to secondary optical design for LED packaging and LED integrated light source lens. Therefore, the research on the optical design method for LED extended sources not only has theoretical value but also actual meaning. The main subject of innovation of our study is the use of non-imaging optical edged-ray theory and the feedback correction algorithm theory method to construct optical free-form surface for high-power LED extended sources to achieve high energy efficiency and uniform illumination optical system.
Design problems of lens axis of rotation symmetry:As we know the size of LED extended source, and its radiation spectrum, based on the conditions of conservation of the brightness of the LED light source, equation can be build between the light illumination and brightness target plane by edged-ray theory, determine the initial curve of the free surface and Numerical iteration to get data of the cut line, then rotationally symmetric optical model can be established by 3D modeling software.
Road lighting Lens design problem of LED extended source:As we know the size of LED extended source, and its radiation spectrum, the point data of the free-form surface can be achieved based on the edged-ray theory and grid method,then the light source is replaced by extended light source in the optical simulation and the difference between expected Illumination and simulation illumination is compared, optimization coefficients are calculated and bring it into point source model calculation and the ideal optical model can be obtained by multiple amendments.
The subject then use the above design theory to design rotation axis symmetric optical system road lighting system, the design models are ssimulated by Optical simulation software, the optical design methods are proved to be right and effective.
引文
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[9]R.J.Koshe.An Introduction to Practical Illumination Engineering[J].Lightpipe Design, 2006,4(2):1-20
[10]崔元日,潘苏予.第四代照明光源一白光LED.灯与照明,2004,V01.28,No.2：31-34
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[12]沈默,李海峰,陆巍等.用于LED照明的反射型复眼设计方法[J].光子学报,2006,35：92-95
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[15]S.H.Chu and J.L.Chern.No-loss Bent Light Pipe with an Equiangular Spira[J].Optics Letters,2005,30:3006-3008
[16]Y.K.Cheng and J.L.Chern.Irradiance Formations in Hollow Streaight Light Pipes with Square and circular Shapes[J].J.Opt.Soc.Am,2006,A 23:427-434
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[19]Morgan S.P.General solution of the Luneburg lens Problem[J].Appl.Phys,1958,29(1): 358-1368
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[25]罗毅,钱可元等.半导体照明中的非成像光学及其应用[J].中国激光,2008：22-30
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[27]H.Ries,Tailoring Freeform Lens for Illumination[J].Proc.of SPIE 4442,2001:42-50
[28]Pablo Benitez,Juan C.Minano.Simultaneous multiple surface optical design method in three dimensions[J].Opt.Eng.2004,43(7):1489-1502
[29]W.A.Parkyn and D.G..Pelka.Auxiliary Lens to Modify the Output Flux Distribution of a TIR Lens"[P].USS,1996:493-577
[30]杨毅,钱可元,罗毅.一种新型的基于非成像光学的LED均匀照明系统[J].光学技术,2007,33(1)：13-17
[31]陈元灯著,LED制造技术与应用[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2009：29-63
[32]WANG Hong, WANG Hai-hong, ZHANG Xiao-fan. Study on Optical Design Methods for LED Extended Sources[C]. Proc. Of SPIE,2010,7655-2
[33]Welford W T, Winston R. High collection nonimaging optics[M]. New York:Academic Press,1989
[34]Roland Winston. Nonimaging optics[M].Elsevier Academic Press 2005:112-118
[35]俞丽华.电气照明[M].同济大学出版社,2001
[36]金伟其,胡威捷著.辐射度光度与色度及其测量[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2006：6-9
[37]王洪,王海宏,张小凡,等.旋转轴对称LED均匀照明系统设计方法[J].光电子·激光,2010,21(8)：1163-1166
[38]王洪,张小凡,王海宏,等.自由曲面LED路灯反射器设计[J].红外与激光工程,2010,39(4)：727-731
[39]G.O.Reynolds,J.B.DeVelis,G.B.Parrent.Jr,et al.The New Physical Optics Notebook[A](SPIE Press),1989:38-45.
[40]Y.Narukawa.White-light LEDs[N].Opt.Photon.News,2004,15:23-29
[41]I.Moreno and R.I.Tzonchev.Effects on illumination uniformity due to dilution on arrays of LEDs in Nonimaging Optics and Efficient Illumination Systems.Proc.Of SPIE 5529,2004:268-275.
[42]P.T.Ong,J.M.Gordon,A.Rabl et al.Tailored edge-ray desgns for uniform illumination of distant targets[J].Opt.Eng.,1995,34(6):1726-1737
[43]P.T.Ong,J.M.Gordon,A.Rabl.Tailoring lighting reflectors to prescribed illuminance distributions:compact partial-involute designs[J].Appl.Opt,1995,34(34):7877-7887
[44]蒋金波,杜雪,李荣彬.自由区面LED路灯透镜设计[J].液晶与显示,2008,11(2)：17-22
[45]William A.parkyn.Design of illumination lenses via extrinsic differential geometry[C]. SPIE,1998,3428:154-162
[46]H. Ries, A. Rable. Edge-ray principle of nonimaging optics [J].J.Opt.Soc.Am.A,1994, 11(10):2627-2632
[47]王霖,钱可元,罗毅.新型LED航标灯光学系统[J].光电工程,2007,12(2)：56-60
[48]王洪,张奇辉,张小凡,等.实现道路均匀照明的自由曲面反射器设计[J].光电工程,2009,36(12)：143-146
[49]商跃进,曹茹SolidWorks三维设计及应用教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008
[50]朱强,谢正义,张宏兵SolidWorks2006中文版曲面设计经典实例解析[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006
[2]Gerd O. Mueller,Regina Mueller-Mach. Illumination grade white LEDs. Proc. SPⅢ 4776:122.130(2002)
[3]王国宏.半导体照明大功率LED进展[J].产业透视,2004,18(1)：24-28
[4]李海峰.LED照明前景看好各国上演竞争大战[J].中国照明,2007,16(2)：11-16
[5]白杉,子荫.半导体灯掀起照明的绿色革命.光源与照明,2004,No.1：42-43
[6]Winston 凡 Minano J C, Benitez P, etc. Nonimaging optics. Elsevier Academic Press, 2005
[7]LED照明推进协会.LED照明设计与应用[M].李农,杨燕译.北京：科学出版社,2009：1-50
[8]Horibe A,Izuhara M,and Nihei Eetal.Lumileds Lighting[J].J of SID,1995,3(4): 169-171
[9]R.J.Koshe.An Introduction to Practical Illumination Engineering[J].Lightpipe Design, 2006,4(2):1-20
[10]崔元日,潘苏予.第四代照明光源一白光LED.灯与照明,2004,V01.28,No.2：31-34
[11]I.Glaser. Applications of the lenslet array processor [J].Proc.Of SPIE 639,1983,16(4): 180-185
[12]沈默,李海峰,陆巍等.用于LED照明的反射型复眼设计方法[J].光子学报,2006,35：92-95
[13]金新华,闻春敖.照明系统中椭圆反光碗及方棒的初始结构设计[J].光学仪器,2006,28(1)：43-47
[14]Izuhara M.Single-Pannel DLP Projection System Optics[J].Texas Instruments,2005, 12(5):92-95
[15]S.H.Chu and J.L.Chern.No-loss Bent Light Pipe with an Equiangular Spira[J].Optics Letters,2005,30:3006-3008
[16]Y.K.Cheng and J.L.Chern.Irradiance Formations in Hollow Streaight Light Pipes with Square and circular Shapes[J].J.Opt.Soc.Am,2006,A 23:427-434
[17]R.Winston,J.C.Minano,and P.Benitez.Nonimaging Optics[M].New York:Elsevier Academic,2001:46-86
[18]N.Shatz,J.BortZ,and R.Winston.Nonrotationally Symmetric Reflectors for Efficient and Uniform Illumination of Rectangular Apertures[J].Proc.Of SPIE 3429,1998:176-183
[19]Morgan S.P.General solution of the Luneburg lens Problem[J].Appl.Phys,1958,29(1): 358-1368
[20]Harald Ries, Ari Rabl. Edge-ray principle of nonimaging optics. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 八 1994, V01.11. No.10:2627-2632
[21]朱心雄等著.自由曲线曲面造型技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2000：122-156
[22]W.J.Smith,E.Betensky,and D.Williamson,et al.The Past,Present,and Future of Optical Design[J].SPIE-OSA,2006,6342:l-32
[23]H.Ries.Tailored Freeform Optical surfaces[J].J.Opt.Soc.Ani,2002,A19:590-595
[24]B.A.Jacobson and R.D.Gengelbach.Lens for Uniform LED Illumination:an Example of Automated Optimization Using Monte Carlo ray-tracing of LED Source[J].Proc.Of SPIE, 2001,4446:121-128
[25]罗毅,钱可元等.半导体照明中的非成像光学及其应用[J].中国激光,2008：22-30
[26]H.Ries and R.Winston.Tailored Edge-Ray Reflectors for Illumination[J].J.Opt.Soc.Am.A 11,1994:1260-1264
[27]H.Ries,Tailoring Freeform Lens for Illumination[J].Proc.of SPIE 4442,2001:42-50
[28]Pablo Benitez,Juan C.Minano.Simultaneous multiple surface optical design method in three dimensions[J].Opt.Eng.2004,43(7):1489-1502
[29]W.A.Parkyn and D.G..Pelka.Auxiliary Lens to Modify the Output Flux Distribution of a TIR Lens"[P].USS,1996:493-577
[30]杨毅,钱可元,罗毅.一种新型的基于非成像光学的LED均匀照明系统[J].光学技术,2007,33(1)：13-17
[31]陈元灯著,LED制造技术与应用[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2009：29-63
[32]WANG Hong, WANG Hai-hong, ZHANG Xiao-fan. Study on Optical Design Methods for LED Extended Sources[C]. Proc. Of SPIE,2010,7655-2
[33]Welford W T, Winston R. High collection nonimaging optics[M]. New York:Academic Press,1989
[34]Roland Winston. Nonimaging optics[M].Elsevier Academic Press 2005:112-118
[35]俞丽华.电气照明[M].同济大学出版社,2001
[36]金伟其,胡威捷著.辐射度光度与色度及其测量[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2006：6-9
[37]王洪,王海宏,张小凡,等.旋转轴对称LED均匀照明系统设计方法[J].光电子·激光,2010,21(8)：1163-1166
[38]王洪,张小凡,王海宏,等.自由曲面LED路灯反射器设计[J].红外与激光工程,2010,39(4)：727-731
[39]G.O.Reynolds,J.B.DeVelis,G.B.Parrent.Jr,et al.The New Physical Optics Notebook[A](SPIE Press),1989:38-45.
[40]Y.Narukawa.White-light LEDs[N].Opt.Photon.News,2004,15:23-29
[41]I.Moreno and R.I.Tzonchev.Effects on illumination uniformity due to dilution on arrays of LEDs in Nonimaging Optics and Efficient Illumination Systems.Proc.Of SPIE 5529,2004:268-275.
[42]P.T.Ong,J.M.Gordon,A.Rabl et al.Tailored edge-ray desgns for uniform illumination of distant targets[J].Opt.Eng.,1995,34(6):1726-1737
[43]P.T.Ong,J.M.Gordon,A.Rabl.Tailoring lighting reflectors to prescribed illuminance distributions:compact partial-involute designs[J].Appl.Opt,1995,34(34):7877-7887
[44]蒋金波,杜雪,李荣彬.自由区面LED路灯透镜设计[J].液晶与显示,2008,11(2)：17-22
[45]William A.parkyn.Design of illumination lenses via extrinsic differential geometry[C]. SPIE,1998,3428:154-162
[46]H. Ries, A. Rable. Edge-ray principle of nonimaging optics [J].J.Opt.Soc.Am.A,1994, 11(10):2627-2632
[47]王霖,钱可元,罗毅.新型LED航标灯光学系统[J].光电工程,2007,12(2)：56-60
[48]王洪,张奇辉,张小凡,等.实现道路均匀照明的自由曲面反射器设计[J].光电工程,2009,36(12)：143-146
[49]商跃进,曹茹SolidWorks三维设计及应用教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008
[50]朱强,谢正义,张宏兵SolidWorks2006中文版曲面设计经典实例解析[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006