水—有机两相体系中二噁英类化合物的催化加氢脱卤降解
|
摘要
芳烃卤代物以其高毒性和难降解性对人类健康和环境所造成的严重威胁日益受到重视。温和条件下的催化加氢技术以其简单、安全、高效等优点被认为是当前最有应用前景的卤代有机物降解技术而受到研究者的广泛关注。
本论文主要开展了温和条件下、液相体系中Pd/C催化4-溴联苯、2,4,8-TCDF与变压器油中PCBs的加氢脱卤方法研究,通过研究催化剂的失活机制和相转移试剂的调控机制,发展了有机-水两相体系中二噁英类污染物的加氢脱卤方法,实现了温和条件下高浓度二噁英、多氯联苯等POPs高效加氢降解,为我国库存POPs的消减提供了一种有效的降解方法和技术。同时,还深入探讨了温度、碱、溶剂与相转移剂等因素对脱氯反应的影响以及2,4,8-TCDF加氢脱氯反应过程中的选择性问题。
在温和条件下,水-有机两相体系中4-溴联苯、2,4,8-TCDF与变压器油中PCBs均可实现高效脱卤。碱、溶剂及相转移剂等是两相脱卤过程中影响脱卤速率的主要因素,此外,温度、取代基类型、水-有机比等因素也在不同程度上影响着脱卤速率。
Aromatic halides have been receiving increasing concern for which had a great threat to human health and could cause serious environmental pollution due to their high toxity and low degradability. The catalytic hydrodehalogenation is considered to be the most promising method for eliminating of aryl halides because of it is simple, safe and efficient. Many a researchers paid much attention to the hydrodehalogenation in both gas-phase and liquid-phase with various catalysts.
In this work, the catalytic hydrodehalogenation methods of 4-bromobiphenyl, 2,4,8-trichlorodibenzofuran (2,4,8-TCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of transformer oil were examined in liquid phase under mild conditions over Pd/C catalyst. By means of studying the mechanisms of deactivation of catalyst and regulation of phase transfer agents, a technology of hydrodehalogenation of dioxin-like compounds was developed under a aqueous-organic system. High concentration of dioxins, PCBs and other POPs especially for those possess high hydrophobicity a efficient conversion were realised in this reaction system. In light of these research results, a new technology or method was proposed for eliminating large stockage of POPs in our country. Meanwhile, the effects of temperature, alkali, solvent and phase transfer agent on the dehalogenation reaction as well as hydrogenation selectivity in 2,4,8-TCDF hydrodechlorination process were investigated.
4-bromobiphenyl, 2,4,8-trichlorodibenzofuran (2,4,8-TCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of transformer oil can be degradated efficiently under mild conditions in a biphase system. Alkali, solvent and phase transfer agent act as the most important factors in the hydrodehalogenation process. Additionally, temperature, type of substituent group and the ratio of aqueous/oganic solvent also affect the results greatly.
本论文主要开展了温和条件下、液相体系中Pd/C催化4-溴联苯、2,4,8-TCDF与变压器油中PCBs的加氢脱卤方法研究,通过研究催化剂的失活机制和相转移试剂的调控机制,发展了有机-水两相体系中二噁英类污染物的加氢脱卤方法,实现了温和条件下高浓度二噁英、多氯联苯等POPs高效加氢降解,为我国库存POPs的消减提供了一种有效的降解方法和技术。同时,还深入探讨了温度、碱、溶剂与相转移剂等因素对脱氯反应的影响以及2,4,8-TCDF加氢脱氯反应过程中的选择性问题。
在温和条件下,水-有机两相体系中4-溴联苯、2,4,8-TCDF与变压器油中PCBs均可实现高效脱卤。碱、溶剂及相转移剂等是两相脱卤过程中影响脱卤速率的主要因素,此外,温度、取代基类型、水-有机比等因素也在不同程度上影响着脱卤速率。
Aromatic halides have been receiving increasing concern for which had a great threat to human health and could cause serious environmental pollution due to their high toxity and low degradability. The catalytic hydrodehalogenation is considered to be the most promising method for eliminating of aryl halides because of it is simple, safe and efficient. Many a researchers paid much attention to the hydrodehalogenation in both gas-phase and liquid-phase with various catalysts.
In this work, the catalytic hydrodehalogenation methods of 4-bromobiphenyl, 2,4,8-trichlorodibenzofuran (2,4,8-TCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of transformer oil were examined in liquid phase under mild conditions over Pd/C catalyst. By means of studying the mechanisms of deactivation of catalyst and regulation of phase transfer agents, a technology of hydrodehalogenation of dioxin-like compounds was developed under a aqueous-organic system. High concentration of dioxins, PCBs and other POPs especially for those possess high hydrophobicity a efficient conversion were realised in this reaction system. In light of these research results, a new technology or method was proposed for eliminating large stockage of POPs in our country. Meanwhile, the effects of temperature, alkali, solvent and phase transfer agent on the dehalogenation reaction as well as hydrogenation selectivity in 2,4,8-TCDF hydrodechlorination process were investigated.
4-bromobiphenyl, 2,4,8-trichlorodibenzofuran (2,4,8-TCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of transformer oil can be degradated efficiently under mild conditions in a biphase system. Alkali, solvent and phase transfer agent act as the most important factors in the hydrodehalogenation process. Additionally, temperature, type of substituent group and the ratio of aqueous/oganic solvent also affect the results greatly.
引文
[1] Buccini J. The Development of a Global Treaty on Persistent Organic Pollutants(Pops), In: H. Fiedler (Ed.), the Hand Book of Environmental Chemistry, Persistent Organic Pollutants [J]. 2003:Chapter 2.
[2] M. Wang A. Leung, J. Chan, M. Choi. Chemosphere 60 (2005):740.
[3]余刚,黄俊,张彭义.持久性有机污染物:倍受关注的全球性环境问题[J].环境保护, 2001(4):37-39.
[4]姜安玺,刘丽艳,李一凡.我国持久性有机污染物的污染与控制[J].黑龙江大学自然科学学报, 2004, 21(2):97-100.
[5] Regul., Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1994, 20 (Aug).
[6] http://www.envirolink.org/issues/dioxin/index.html.
[7] H. Huang A. Buekens. Chemosphere 44 (2001):1505–1510.
[8] F.Alonso I.P.Beletskaya, M.Yus. Metal-Mediated Reductive Hydrodehalogenation of Organic Halides [J]. Chem. Rev., 2002, 102(11):4009-4091.
[9] Lassova L Lee H. K, Hor T. S. A. J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 1999, 144(3):397-403.
[10] LassováLuisa, Hian Kee Lee, T. S. Andy Hor. Catalytic Dechlorination of Chlorobenzenes: Effect of Solvent on Efficiency and Selectivity [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 1999, 144(3):397-403.
[11]Pandiyan T., O. Martínez Rivas, J. Orozco Martínez, et al. Comparison of Methods for the Photochemical Degradation of Chlorophenols [J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2002, 146(3):149-155.
[12] Robert Didier, Sixto Malato. Solar Photocatalysis: A Clean Process for Water Detoxification [J]. The Science of The Total Environment, 2002, 291(1-3):85-97.
[13] Quensen John F., James M. Tiedje, Stephen A. Boyd. Reductive Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Anaerobic Microorganisms from Sediments [J]. Science, 1988, 242(4879):752-754.
[14] Murthy K. V., Patricia M. Patterson, Gary Jacobs, et al. An Exploration of Activity Loss During Hydrodechlorination and Hydrodebromination over Ni/Sio2 [J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2004,223(1):74-85.
[15] Menini Claudia, Colin Park, Eun-Jae Shin, et al. Catalytic Hydrodehalogenation as a Detoxification Methodology [J]. Catalysis Today, 2000, 62(4):355-366.
[16] Moreno JoséM., Maria A. Aramendía, Alberto Marinas, et al. Individual and Competitive Liquid-Phase Hydrodechlorination of Chlorinated Pyridines over Alkali-Modified Pd/Zro2 [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2007, 76(1-2):34-41.
[17] Moreno JoséM., Maria A. Aramendía, Alberto Marinas, et al. Hydrodechlorination of 3-Chloropyridine and Chlorobenzene in Methanol Solution over Alkali-Modified Zirconia-Supported Palladium Catalysts [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2005, 59(3-4):275-283.
[18] Zinovyev Sergei S., Alvise Perosa, Pietro Tundo. Liquid-Phase and Multiphase Hydrodehalogenation of Halobenzenes over Pd/C: Reaction Selectivity and Inhibition/Promotion Effects by the Quaternary Salt [J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2004, 226(1):9-15.
[19] Kopinke Frank-Dieter, Katrin Mackenzie, Robert K?hler. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Groundwater Contaminants in Water and in the Gas Phase Using Pd/[Gamma]-Al2o3 [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2003, 44(1):15-24.
[20] Aramendía M. Angeles, Robbie Burch, Isabel M. García, et al. The Effect of the Addition of Sodium Compounds in the Liquid-Phase Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene over Palladium Catalysts [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 31(3):163-171.
[21] Jujjuri Satyakrishna, Mark A. Keane. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination at Low Hydrogen Partial Pressures: Activity and Selectivity Response [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 157(1):121-130.
[22] Aramendía M. A., V. Boráu, I. M. García, et al. Liquid-Phase Hydrodehalogenation of Substituted Chlorobenzenes over Palladium Supported Catalysts [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2003, 43(1):71-79.
[23] Mackenzie K., H. Frenzel, F. Kopinke. Hydrodehalogenation of Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Water with Pd Catalysts: Reaction Rates and Surface Competition [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2006, 63(3-4):161-167.
[24] Legawiec-Jarzyna M., A. Srebowata, W. Juszczyk, et al. Hydrodechlorination over Pd-Pt/Al2o3Catalysts: A Comparative Study of Chlorine Removal from Dichlorodifluoromethane, Carbon Tetrachloride and 1,2-Dichloroethane [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2004, 271(1-2):61-68.
[25] CalòVincenzo, Angelo Nacci, Antonio Monopoli, et al. Palladium-Nanoparticles Catalyzed Hydrodehalogenation of Aryl Chlorides in Ionic Liquids [J]. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2007, 692(20):4397-4401.
[26] Wu Wenhei, Jie Xu, Ryuichiro Ohnishi. Complete Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene and Its Derivatives over Supported Nickel Catalysts under Liquid Phase Conditions [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2005, 60(1-2):129-137.
[27] Piechocki Wojciech, Grazyna Gryglewicz, Stanislaw Gryglewicz. Hydrodechlorination of Ddt and Chloroalkanes over Carbon-Supported Ni-Mo Catalyst [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 163(2-3):1397-1402.
[28] Molina C. B., L. Calvo, M. A. Gilarranz, et al. Hydrodechlorination of 4-Chlorophenol in Aqueous Phase with Pt-Al Pillared Clays Using Formic Acid as Hydrogen Source [J]. Applied Clay Science, 2009, 45(4):206-212.
[29] Lorenc-Grabowska E., J. Yperman, G. Gryglewicz, et al. Study on Hydrodechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls During Reductive Pyrolysis in the Presence of a Catalyst [J]. Fuel, 2006, 85(3):374-381.
[30] Shao Yun, Zhaoyi Xu, Haiqin Wan, et al. Influence of Zro2 Properties on Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene over Pd/Zro2 Catalysts [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 179(1-3):135-140.
[31] Pozan Gulin Selda, Ismail Boz. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of 2,4-Dichlorophenol on Pd/Rh/C Catalysts [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2006, 136(3):917-921.
[32] Santoro Danilo, Vincent De Jong, Robert Louw. Hydrodehalogenation of Chlorobenzene on Activated Carbon and Activated Carbon Supported Catalysts [J]. Chemosphere, 2003, 50(9):1255-1260.
[33] Oxley James D., Millan M. Mdleleni, Kenneth S. Suslick. Hydrodehalogenation with Sonochemically Prepared Mo2c and W2c [J]. Catalysis Today, 2004, 88(3-4):139-151.
[34] lvarez-Montero M. A., L. M. Gómez-Sainero, J. Juan-Juan, et al. Gas-Phase Hydrodechlorination of Dichloromethane with Activated Carbon-Supported Metallic Catalysts[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 162(2):599-608.
[35] Murthy K. V., Patricia M. Patterson, Mark A. Keane. C-X Bond Reactivity in the Catalytic Hydrodehalogenation of Haloarenes over Unsupported and Silica Supported Ni [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2005, 225(2):149-160.
[36] Gryglewicz G., M. Stolarski, S. Gryglewicz, et al. Hydrodechlorination of Dichlorobiphenyls over Ni-Mo/Al2o3 Catalysts Prepared by Spray-Drying Method [J]. Chemosphere, 2006, 62(1):135-141.
[37] Gopinath Rajesh, N. Lingaiah, N. Seshu Babu, et al. A Highly Active Low Pd Content Catalyst Synthesized by Deposition-Precipitation Method for Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2004, 223(1-2):289-293.
[38] Murena F., F. Gioia. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Decachlorobiphenyl [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2002, 38(1):39-50.
[39] Murena Fabio, Francesco Gioia. Solvent Extraction of Chlorinated Compounds from Soils and Hydrodechlorination of the Extract Phase [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 162(2-3):661-667.
[40] Lingaiah N., P. S. Sai Prasad, P. Kanta Rao, et al. Structure and Activity of Microwave Irradiated Silica Supported Pd-Fe Bimetallic Catalysts in the Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene [J]. Catalysis Communications, 2002, 3(9):391-397.
[41] Hannus I., M. Búza, A. Beck, et al. Hydrodechlorination Catalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Tio2 Modified Sba-15 Investigated by Ir Spectroscopy [J]. Journal of Molecular Structure, 2009, 924-926:355-357.
[42] Halász János, Béla Imre, István Hannus. Ir Spectroscopic Investigation of Hydrodechlorination on Pt-Containing Zeolites [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2004, 271(1-2):47-53.
[43] Legawiec-Jarzyna M., A. Srebowata, W. Juszczyk, et al. Hydrodechlorination of Dichlorodifluoromethane, Carbon Tetrachloride and 1,2-Dichloroethane over Pt/Al2o3 Catalysts [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2004, 224(1-2):171-177.
[44] Calvo L., M. A. Gilarranz, J. A. Casas, et al. Hydrodechlorination of Diuron in Aqueous Solution with Pd, Cu and Ni on Activated Carbon Catalysts [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 163(3):212-218.
[45] Chary Komandur V. R., Katar Sri Lakshmi, Pendyala Venkat Ramana Rao, et al. Characterization and Catalytic Properties of Niobia Supported Nickel Catalysts in the Hydrodechlorination of 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2004, 223(1-2):353-361.
[46] Meshesha B. T., R. J. Chiment?o, F. Medina, et al. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene over Pd/Mg(Al)O Catalysts [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 87(1-2):70-77.
[47] Kim Pil, Younghun Kim, Heesoo Kim, et al. Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of Nimg Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Alumina for Hydrodechlorination of O-Dichlorobenzene [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2005, 231(1-2):247-254.
[48] Ordó?ez S., H. Sastre, F. V. Díez. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene over Red Mud [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2001, 81(1-2):103-114.
[49] Cao Yu Cai, You Li. In Situ Synthesis of Supported Palladium Complexes: Highly Stable and Selective Supported Palladium Catalysts for Hydrodechlorination of Ccl2f2 [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2005, 294(2):298-305.
[50] Park Younggeun, Taewook Kang, Jaeho Lee, et al. Single-Step Preparation of Ni Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Silicas (Sba-15 and Sba-16) and the Effect of Pore Structure on the Selective Hydrodechlorination of 1,1,2-Trichloroethane to Vcm [J]. Catalysis Today, 2004, 97(2-3):195-203.
[51] Hina Rateb H., Rasha Kh Al-Fayyoumi. Conversion of Dichlorodifluoromethane with Hydrogen over Pd/Alf3 and Ru/Alf3 Prepared by Sol-Gel Method [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2004, 207(1):27-33.
[52] Ordó?ez S., H. Sastre, F. V. Díez. Hydrodechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene over Modified Red Mud: Deactivation Studies and Kinetics [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 34(3):213-226.
[53] Cobo Martha, Alexander Quintero, Consuelo Montes De Correa. Liquid Phase Dioxin Hydrodechlorination over Pd/[Gamma]-Al2o3 [J]. Catalysis Today, 2008, 133-135:509-519.
[54] Gopinath Rajesh, K. Narasimha Rao, P. S. Sai Prasad, et al. Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene on Nb2o5-Supported Pd Catalysts: Influence of Microwave Irradiation DuringPreparation on the Stability of the Catalyst [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2002, 181(1-2):215-220.
[55] Imre Béla, István Hannus, Imre Kiricsi. Comparative Ir Spectroscopic Study of Pt- and Pd-Containing Zeolites in the Hydrodechlorination Reaction of Carbon Tetrachloride [J]. Journal of Molecular Structure, 2005, 744-747:501-506.
[56] Krishna Murthy J., S. Chandra Shekar, K. S. Rama Rao, et al. Advantages of Fcca and Bi Promotion in Bi-Pd/Fcca Catalysts for the Hydrodechlorination of Ccl2f2 [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2004, 259(2):169-178.
[57] Aristizábal Beatriz, Carlos Andrés González, Izaskun Barrio, et al. Screening of Pd and Ni Supported on Sol-Gel Derived Oxides for Dichloromethane Hydrodechlorination [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2004, 222(1-2):189-198.
[58] Urbano F. J., J. M. Marinas. Hydrogenolysis of Organohalogen Compounds over Palladium Supported Catalysts [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2001, 173(1-2):329-345.
[59] Matatov-Meytal Yurii I., Moshe Sheintuch. Catalytic Abatement of Water Pollutants [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1998, 37(2):309-326.
[60] Gómez-Quero Santiago, Elena Díaz, Fernando Cárdenas-Lizana, et al. Solvent Effects in the Catalytic Hydrotreament of Haloaromatics over Pd/Al2o3 in Water+Organic Mixtures [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2010, 65(12):3786-3797.
[61] Xia Chuanhai, Jie Xu, Wenzhong Wu, et al. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of 2,4,4'-Trichloro-2'-Hydroxydiphenylether under Mild Conditions [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2003, 45(4):281-292.
[62] Xia Chuanhai, Ying Liu, Shiwei Zhou, et al. The Pd-Catalyzed Hydrodechlorination of Chlorophenols in Aqueous Solutions under Mild Conditions: A Promising Approach to Practical Use in Wastewater [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 169(1-3):1029-1033.
[63] Karwa R.A. Rajadhyaksha,S.L. Solvent Effects in Catalytic Hydrogenation [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 1986, 41(7):1765-1770.
[64] C. J. Clark P. S. C. Rao, M. D. Annable. Degradation of Perchloroethylene in Co-Solvent Solutions by Zero-Valent Iron [J]. J. Hazard. Mater. B, 96(2003):65–78.
[65] N.E. Korte O.R. West, L. Liang, B. Gub, J.L. Zutman, Q. Fernando. The Effect of SolventConcentration on the Use of Palladized-Iron for the Step-Wise Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soil Extracts [J]. Waste Manage, 22(2002):343–349.
[66] G.V. Lowry K.M. Johnson. Congener-Specific Dechlorination of Dissolved Pcbs by Microscale and Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron in a Water/Methanol Solution [J]. Environ. Sci. Technol., 38(2004):5208–5216.
[67] N.C. Concibido T. Okuda, Y. Nakano, W. Nishijima, M. Okada. Enhancement of the Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene in Methanol at Mild Conditions by Water Addition [J]. Tetrahedron Lett., 46(2005):3613–3617.
[68] Y. Liu F. Yang, P.L. Yue, G. Chen. Catalytic Dechlorination of Chlorophenols in Water by Palladium/Iron [J]. Water Res., 35(2001):1887–1890.
[69] H.M. Roy C.M. Wai, T. Yuan, J.-K. Kim, W.D. Marshall. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Chlorophenols in Aqueous Solution under Mild Conditions [J]. Appl. Catal. A: General, 271(2004):137–143.
[70] Y. Xu W. X. Zhang. Subcolloidal Fe/Ag Particles for Reductive Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Benzenes [J]. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39(2000):2238–2244.
[71] Patel Upendra D., Sumathi Suresh. Complete Dechlorination of Pentachlorophenol Using Palladized Bacterial Cellulose in a Rotating Catalyst Contact Reactor [J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2008, 319(2):462-469.
[72] Speight J. G. Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry [M]. Sixteenth ed. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2005.
[73] Garnett J. L. Catal. Rev., 5(1972):229-267.
[74] Tundo Pietro, Alvise Perosa, Maurizio Selva, et al. A Mild Catalytic Detoxification Method for Pcdds and Pcdfs [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 32(1-2):L1-L7.
[75] Zinovyev Sergei S., Natalia A. Shinkova, Alvise Perosa, et al. Dechlorination of Lindane in the Multiphase Catalytic Reduction System with Pd/C, Pt/C and Raney-Ni [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2004, 47(1):27-36.
[76] Zinovyev Sergei S., Natalia A. Shinkova, Alvise Perosa, et al. Liquid Phase Hydrodechlorination of Dieldrin and Ddt over Pd/C and Raney-Ni [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2005, 55(1):39-48.
[77] Anusiewicz Iwona, Tadeusz Janiak, Janina Okal. Kinetic Study of the Hydrogenolysis ofPolychlorobenzenes over a Pd/C Catalyst in an Alkaline Aqueous-N-Hexane System [J]. Catalysis Communications, 2010, 11(8):797-801.
[78] Monguchi Yasunari, Akira Kume, Hironao Sajiki. Facile and Catalytic Degradation Method of Ddt Using Pd/C-Et3n System under Ambient Pressure and Temperature [J]. Tetrahedron, 2006, 62(35):8384-8392.
[79] Monguchi Yasunari, Akira Kume, Kazuyuki Hattori, et al. Pd/C-Et3n-Mediated Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Aromatic Chlorides under Mild Conditions [J]. Tetrahedron, 2006, 62(33):7926-7933.
[80] Tundo Pietro, Alvise Perosa, Sergei Zinovyev. Modifier Effects on Pt/C, Pd/C, and Raney-Ni Catalysts in Multiphase Catalytic Hydrogenation Systems [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2003, 204-205:747-754.
[81] Tundo Pietro, Alvise Perosa. The Action of Onium Salts and Other Modifiers on Pt/C, Pd/C, and Raney-Ni Catalysts in the Multiphase Reduction System [J]. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2003, 54(1-3):95-101.
[82] Janiak Tadeusz, Jerzy Blazejowski. Kinetics of 10% Pd/C-Catalysed Hydrogenolysis of Chlorobenzene Dissolved in N-Heptane by Gaseous Hydrogen in Contact with Aqueous Naoh or Water [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2004, 271(1-2):103-108.
[83] Aramendía M. A., V. Boráu, I. M. García, et al. Liquid-Phase Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene over Palladium-Supported Catalysts: Influence of Hcl Formation and Naoh Addition [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2002, 184(1-2):237-245.
[84] Janiak Tadeusz, Janina Okal. Effectiveness and Stability of Commercial Pd/C Catalysts in the Hydrodechlorination of Meta-Substituted Chlorobenzenes [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 92(3-4):384-392.
[85] Evdokimova Galina, Sergei Zinovyev, Alvise Perosa, et al. Selectivity Issues in the Catalytic Multiphase Reduction of Functionalized Halogenated Aromatics over Pd/C, Pt/C, and Raney-Ni [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2004, 271(1-2):129-136.
[86] Golubina E. V., E. S. Lokteva, V. V. Lunin, et al. The Role of Fe Addition on the Activity of Pd-Containing Catalysts in Multiphase Hydrodechlorination [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2006, 302(1):32-41.
[87] Tundo Pietro, Sergei Zinovyev, Alvise Perosa. Multiphase Catalytic Hydrogenation of P-Chloroacetophenone and Acetophenone. A Kinetic Study of the Reaction Selectivity toward the Reduction of Different Functional Groups [J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2000, 196(2):330-338.
[88] Zinovyev Sergei, Alvise Perosa, Sergei Yufit, et al. Hydrodechlorination and Hydrogenation over Raney-Ni under Multiphase Conditions: Role of Multiphase Environment in Reaction Kinetics and Selectivity [J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2002, 211(2):347-354.
[89] Zinovyev Sergei S., Natalia A. Shinkova, Alvise Perosa, et al. Phase-Transfer Promotion of Hydrodechlorination of Chlorophenoxy-Pesticides over Pd/C and Raney-Ni [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2005, 55(1):49-56.
[90] Zinovyev Sergei, Andrei Shelepchikov, Pietro Tundo. Design of New Systems for Transfer Hydrogenolysis of Polychlorinated Aromatics with 2-Propanol Using a Raney Nickel Catalyst [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2007, 72(3-4):289-298.
[91] Zinovyev Sergei, Pietro Tundo. On the Promoting Effect by Quaternary Ammonium Salts in the Multiphase Hydrodechlorination with Hydrogen Gas on Raney Nickel Catalyst [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2007, 75(1-2):124-128.
[92] Ukisu Yuji, Satoshi Kameoka, Tatsuo Miyadera. Catalytic Dechlorination of Aromatic Chlorides with Noble-Metal Catalysts under Mild Conditions: Approach to Practical Use [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2000, 27(2):97-104.
[93] Sajiki Hironao, Kosaku Hirota. A Novel Type of Pdm/C-Catalyzed Hydrogenation Using a Catalyst Poison: Chemoselective Inhibition of the Hydrogenolysis for O-Benzyl Protective Group by the Addition of a Nitrogen-Containing Base [J]. Tetrahedron, 1998, 54(46):13981-13996.
[94] Hoke Jeffrey B., Gary A. Gramiccioni, Edward N. Balko. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Chlorophenols [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1992, 1(4):285-296.
[95] Angel G. Del, J. L. Benitez. Effect of Hcl Acid on the Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene over Palladium Supported Catalysts [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2001, 165(1-2):9-13.
[96] Behnisch Peter A., Kazunori Hosoe, Shin-Ichi Sakai. Bioanalytical Screening Methods for Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds -- a Review of Bioassay/Biomarker Technology [J].Environment International, 2001, 27(5):413-439.
[97] T. Sako T. Sugeta, K. Otake, M. Sato, M. Tsugumi, T. Hiaki, M. Hongo. Decomposition of Dioxins in Fly Ash with Supercritical Water Oxidation [J]. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN, 30(1997):744-747.
[98] D.G. Crosby A.S. Wong, J.R. Plimmer, E.A. Woolson. Photodecomposition of Chlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins [J]. Science, 1971, 173(3998):748-749.
[99] Kieatiwong Somchai, Long V. Nguyen, Vincent R. Hebert, et al. Photolysis of Chlorinated Dioxins in Organic Solvents and on Soils [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 1990, 24(10):1575-1580.
[100] Dobbs A. J., C. Grant. Photolysis of Highly Chlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins by Sunlight [J]. Nature, 1979, 278(5700):163-165.
[101] A.L. Mcpeters M.R. Overcash. Demonstration of Photodegradation by Sunlight of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin in 6 Cm Soil Columns [J]. Chemosphere, 1993, 27(7):1221-1234
[102] R.J. Hilarides K.A. Gray, J. Guzzetta, N. Cortellucci, C. Sommer. Radiolytic Degradation of 2,3,7,8-Tcdd in Artificially Contaminated Soils [J]. Water Environment Research, 1994, 28(13):2249-2258.
[103] Choi Wonyong, Soo Jin Hong, Yoon-Seok Chang, et al. Photocatalytic Degradation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins on Tio2 Film under Uv or Solar Light Irradiation [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2000, 34(22):4810-4815.
[104] Ballerstedt Hendrik, Angelika Kraus, Ute Lechner. Reductive Dechlorination of 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin and Its Products by Anaerobic Mixed Cultures from Saale River Sediment [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 1997, 31(6):1749-1753.
[105] De Pava Eugenio Vajna, Ezio Battistel. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-Dioxins and -Furans Detoxification of Soil Promoted by K-Polyethylene Glycol Technology [J]. Chemosphere, 2005, 59(9):1333-1342.
[106] Ukisu Yuji, Tatsuo Miyadera. Dechlorination of Dioxins with Supported Palladium Catalysts in 2-Propanol Solution [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2004, 271(1-2):165-170.
[107] Zhang Feng, Jiping Chen, Haijun Zhang, et al. Dechlorination of Dioxins with Pd/C inEthanol-Water Solution under Mild Conditions [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2008, 59(2):164-168.
[108] Garnett J. L., J. C. West. Reduction of Platinum(Iv) to Platinum(Ii) by Reaction with Organic Compounds [J]. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, 1972, 2(1):25-32.
[109] C.M. Mate C.T.Kao, G.A.Somorjai. Carbon Monoxide Induced Ordering of Adsorbates on the Rhodium(111)Crystal Surface:Importance of Surface Dipole Moments. [J]. Surf. Sci., 1988, 206:145-168.
[110] B. E. Koel J. E. Crowell, C. M. Mate, G. A. Somorjai. A High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Study of the Surface Structure of Benzene Adsorbed on the Rh(111) Crystal Face [J]. J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88:1988-1996
[111] Yuan Guang, Mark A. Keane. Role of Base Addition in the Liquid-Phase Hydrodechlorination of 2,4-Dichlorophenol over Pd/Al2o3 and Pd/C [J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2004, 225(2):510-522.
[112] Tian Hua, Jinjun Li, Zhen Mu, et al. Effect of Ph on Ddt Degradation in Aqueous Solution Using Bimetallic Ni/Fe Nanoparticles [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2009, 66(1):84-89.
[113] Rylander P. N. Catalytic Hydrogenation over Platinum Metals [M]. New York: Academic Press. 1967: pp. 405–431.
[114] Wu Wenhai, Jie Xu. Liquid-Phase Hydrodechlorination of Chlorinated Benzenes over Active Carbon Supported Nickel Catalysts under Mild Conditions [J]. Catalysis Communications, 2004, 5(10):591-595.
[115] Pozan G. S. Effects of Alkaline Additives on Conversion of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol over Pd-Rh/C Catalysts [J]. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 2009, 16:52-57.
[116] Michael D. Hale Fred D. Hileman, Thomas Mazer, Traci L. Shell, Roy W. Noble, Joseph J. Brooks. Mathematical Modeling of Temperature Programmed Capillary Gas Chromatographic Retention Indexes for Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans [J]. Anal. Chem., 1985, 57:640-648.
[117] Kawabata Tomonori, Ikuo Atake, Yoshihiko Ohishi, et al. Liquid Phase Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Aryl Chlorides over Pd-Al-Mcm-41 Catalyst [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2006, 66(3-4):151-160.
[118] Hashimoto Yoshihito, Yoshio Uemichi, Akimi Ayame. Low-Temperature Hydrodechlorination Mechanism of Chlorobenzenes over Platinum-Supported and Palladium-Supported Alumina Catalysts [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2005, 287(1):89-97.
[119] Weber Roland. Relevance of Pcdd/Pcdf Formation for the Evaluation of Pops Destruction Technologies - Review on Current Status and Assessment Gaps [J]. Chemosphere, 2007, 67(9):S109-S117.
[120] Wu Wenhai, Jie Xu, Hongmei Zhao, et al. A Practical Approach to the Degradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Transformer Oil [J]. Chemosphere, 2005, 60(7):944-950.
[121] Mitoma Yoshiharu, Naoyoshi Egashira, Cristian Simion. Highly Effective Degradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soil Mediated by a Ca/Rh Bicatalytic System [J]. Chemosphere, 2009, 74(7):968-973.
[122] Murena F., E. Schioppa. Kinetic Analysis of Catalytic Hydrodechlorination Process of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2000, 27(4):257-267.
[123] Sajiki Hironao, Akira Kume, Kazuyuki Hattori, et al. Complete and Truly Catalytic Degradation Method of Pcbs Using Pd/C-Et3n System under Ambient Pressure and Temperature [J]. Tetrahedron Letters, 2002, 43(40):7251-7254.
[124] Liu Xitao, Wei Zhao, Ke Sun, et al. Dechlorination of Pcbs in the Simulative Transformer Oil by Microwave-Hydrothermal Reaction with Zero-Valent Iron Involved [J]. Chemosphere, 2011, 82(5):773-777.
[125] Miyoshi Kumiko, Takehiko Nishio, Akio Yasuhara, et al. Detoxification of Hexachlorobenzene by Dechlorination with Potassium-Sodium Alloy [J]. Chemosphere, 2004, 55(11):1439-1446.
[126] Noma Yukio, Yoshito Mitsuhara, Kiyoshi Matsuyama, et al. Pathways and Products of the Degradation of Pcbs by the Sodium Dispersion Method [J]. Chemosphere, 2007, 68(5):871-879.
[127] Varanasi Patanjali, Andres Fullana, Sukh Sidhu. Remediation of Pcb Contaminated Soils Using Iron Nano-Particles [J]. Chemosphere, 2007, 66(6):1031-1038.
[128] Manzano M. A., J. A. Perales, D. Sales, et al. Using Solar and Ultraviolet Light to Degrade Pcbs in Sand and Transformer Oils [J]. Chemosphere, 2004, 57(7):645-654.
[129] Yao Yuan, Kohji Kakimoto, Hiroaki I. Ogawa, et al. Further Study on the Photochemistry of Non-Ortho Substituted Pcbs by Uv Irradiation in Alkaline 2-Propanol [J]. Chemosphere,40(9-11):951-956.
[130] Chaychian Mahnaz, Cynthia Jones, Dianne Poster, et al. Radiolytic Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Transformer Oil and in Marine Sediment [J]. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2002, 65(4-5):473-478.
[131] He Yongke, Jun Liu, Yingdong Lu, et al. Gamma Radiation Treatment of Pentachlorophenol, 2,4-Dichlorophenol and 2-Chlorophenol in Water [J]. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2002, 65(4-5):565-570.
[132] Catallo W. James, Thomas Junk. Sonochemical Dechlorination of Hazardous Wastes in Aqueous Systems [J]. Waste Management, 1995, 15(4):303-309.
[133] Arienzo M., J. Chiarenzelli, R. Scrudato, et al. Iron-Mediated Reactions of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Electrochemical Peroxidation Process (Ecp) [J]. Chemosphere, 2001, 44(6):1339-1346.
[134] Hashimoto Shunji, Kiyohiko Watanabe, Kazutoshi Nose, et al. Remediation of Soil Contaminated with Dioxins by Subcritical Water Extraction [J]. Chemosphere, 2004, 54(1):89-96.
[135] Matsunaga Atsushi, Akio Yasuhara. Dechlorination of Pcbs by Electrochemical Reduction with Aromatic Radical Anion as Mediator [J]. Chemosphere, 2005, 58(7):897-904.
[136] Nah In Wook, Kyung-Yub Hwang, Yong-Gun Shul. Effect of Metal and Glycol on Mechanochemical Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) [J]. Chemosphere, 2008, 73(1):138-141.
[137] Ukisu Yuji, Seiji Iimura, Ryuji Uchida. Catalytic Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls with Carbon-Supported Noble Metal Catalysts under Mild Conditions [J]. Chemosphere, 1996, 33(8):1523-1530.
[138] Kume Akira, Yasunari Monguchi, Kazuyuki Hattori, et al. Pd/C-Catalyzed Practical Degradation of Pcbs at Room Temperature [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2008, 81(3-4):274-282.
[139] LassováLuisa, Hian Kee Lee, T. S. Andy Hor. Catalytic Dehalogenation of Highly Chlorinated Benzenes and Aroclors Using Pdcl2(Dppf) and Nabh4: Efficiency, Selectivity, and Base Support [J]. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1998, 63(11):3538-3543
[2] M. Wang A. Leung, J. Chan, M. Choi. Chemosphere 60 (2005):740.
[3]余刚,黄俊,张彭义.持久性有机污染物:倍受关注的全球性环境问题[J].环境保护, 2001(4):37-39.
[4]姜安玺,刘丽艳,李一凡.我国持久性有机污染物的污染与控制[J].黑龙江大学自然科学学报, 2004, 21(2):97-100.
[5] Regul., Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1994, 20 (Aug).
[6] http://www.envirolink.org/issues/dioxin/index.html.
[7] H. Huang A. Buekens. Chemosphere 44 (2001):1505–1510.
[8] F.Alonso I.P.Beletskaya, M.Yus. Metal-Mediated Reductive Hydrodehalogenation of Organic Halides [J]. Chem. Rev., 2002, 102(11):4009-4091.
[9] Lassova L Lee H. K, Hor T. S. A. J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 1999, 144(3):397-403.
[10] LassováLuisa, Hian Kee Lee, T. S. Andy Hor. Catalytic Dechlorination of Chlorobenzenes: Effect of Solvent on Efficiency and Selectivity [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 1999, 144(3):397-403.
[11]Pandiyan T., O. Martínez Rivas, J. Orozco Martínez, et al. Comparison of Methods for the Photochemical Degradation of Chlorophenols [J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2002, 146(3):149-155.
[12] Robert Didier, Sixto Malato. Solar Photocatalysis: A Clean Process for Water Detoxification [J]. The Science of The Total Environment, 2002, 291(1-3):85-97.
[13] Quensen John F., James M. Tiedje, Stephen A. Boyd. Reductive Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Anaerobic Microorganisms from Sediments [J]. Science, 1988, 242(4879):752-754.
[14] Murthy K. V., Patricia M. Patterson, Gary Jacobs, et al. An Exploration of Activity Loss During Hydrodechlorination and Hydrodebromination over Ni/Sio2 [J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2004,223(1):74-85.
[15] Menini Claudia, Colin Park, Eun-Jae Shin, et al. Catalytic Hydrodehalogenation as a Detoxification Methodology [J]. Catalysis Today, 2000, 62(4):355-366.
[16] Moreno JoséM., Maria A. Aramendía, Alberto Marinas, et al. Individual and Competitive Liquid-Phase Hydrodechlorination of Chlorinated Pyridines over Alkali-Modified Pd/Zro2 [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2007, 76(1-2):34-41.
[17] Moreno JoséM., Maria A. Aramendía, Alberto Marinas, et al. Hydrodechlorination of 3-Chloropyridine and Chlorobenzene in Methanol Solution over Alkali-Modified Zirconia-Supported Palladium Catalysts [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2005, 59(3-4):275-283.
[18] Zinovyev Sergei S., Alvise Perosa, Pietro Tundo. Liquid-Phase and Multiphase Hydrodehalogenation of Halobenzenes over Pd/C: Reaction Selectivity and Inhibition/Promotion Effects by the Quaternary Salt [J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2004, 226(1):9-15.
[19] Kopinke Frank-Dieter, Katrin Mackenzie, Robert K?hler. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Groundwater Contaminants in Water and in the Gas Phase Using Pd/[Gamma]-Al2o3 [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2003, 44(1):15-24.
[20] Aramendía M. Angeles, Robbie Burch, Isabel M. García, et al. The Effect of the Addition of Sodium Compounds in the Liquid-Phase Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene over Palladium Catalysts [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 31(3):163-171.
[21] Jujjuri Satyakrishna, Mark A. Keane. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination at Low Hydrogen Partial Pressures: Activity and Selectivity Response [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 157(1):121-130.
[22] Aramendía M. A., V. Boráu, I. M. García, et al. Liquid-Phase Hydrodehalogenation of Substituted Chlorobenzenes over Palladium Supported Catalysts [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2003, 43(1):71-79.
[23] Mackenzie K., H. Frenzel, F. Kopinke. Hydrodehalogenation of Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Water with Pd Catalysts: Reaction Rates and Surface Competition [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2006, 63(3-4):161-167.
[24] Legawiec-Jarzyna M., A. Srebowata, W. Juszczyk, et al. Hydrodechlorination over Pd-Pt/Al2o3Catalysts: A Comparative Study of Chlorine Removal from Dichlorodifluoromethane, Carbon Tetrachloride and 1,2-Dichloroethane [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2004, 271(1-2):61-68.
[25] CalòVincenzo, Angelo Nacci, Antonio Monopoli, et al. Palladium-Nanoparticles Catalyzed Hydrodehalogenation of Aryl Chlorides in Ionic Liquids [J]. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2007, 692(20):4397-4401.
[26] Wu Wenhei, Jie Xu, Ryuichiro Ohnishi. Complete Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene and Its Derivatives over Supported Nickel Catalysts under Liquid Phase Conditions [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2005, 60(1-2):129-137.
[27] Piechocki Wojciech, Grazyna Gryglewicz, Stanislaw Gryglewicz. Hydrodechlorination of Ddt and Chloroalkanes over Carbon-Supported Ni-Mo Catalyst [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 163(2-3):1397-1402.
[28] Molina C. B., L. Calvo, M. A. Gilarranz, et al. Hydrodechlorination of 4-Chlorophenol in Aqueous Phase with Pt-Al Pillared Clays Using Formic Acid as Hydrogen Source [J]. Applied Clay Science, 2009, 45(4):206-212.
[29] Lorenc-Grabowska E., J. Yperman, G. Gryglewicz, et al. Study on Hydrodechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls During Reductive Pyrolysis in the Presence of a Catalyst [J]. Fuel, 2006, 85(3):374-381.
[30] Shao Yun, Zhaoyi Xu, Haiqin Wan, et al. Influence of Zro2 Properties on Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene over Pd/Zro2 Catalysts [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 179(1-3):135-140.
[31] Pozan Gulin Selda, Ismail Boz. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of 2,4-Dichlorophenol on Pd/Rh/C Catalysts [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2006, 136(3):917-921.
[32] Santoro Danilo, Vincent De Jong, Robert Louw. Hydrodehalogenation of Chlorobenzene on Activated Carbon and Activated Carbon Supported Catalysts [J]. Chemosphere, 2003, 50(9):1255-1260.
[33] Oxley James D., Millan M. Mdleleni, Kenneth S. Suslick. Hydrodehalogenation with Sonochemically Prepared Mo2c and W2c [J]. Catalysis Today, 2004, 88(3-4):139-151.
[34] lvarez-Montero M. A., L. M. Gómez-Sainero, J. Juan-Juan, et al. Gas-Phase Hydrodechlorination of Dichloromethane with Activated Carbon-Supported Metallic Catalysts[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 162(2):599-608.
[35] Murthy K. V., Patricia M. Patterson, Mark A. Keane. C-X Bond Reactivity in the Catalytic Hydrodehalogenation of Haloarenes over Unsupported and Silica Supported Ni [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2005, 225(2):149-160.
[36] Gryglewicz G., M. Stolarski, S. Gryglewicz, et al. Hydrodechlorination of Dichlorobiphenyls over Ni-Mo/Al2o3 Catalysts Prepared by Spray-Drying Method [J]. Chemosphere, 2006, 62(1):135-141.
[37] Gopinath Rajesh, N. Lingaiah, N. Seshu Babu, et al. A Highly Active Low Pd Content Catalyst Synthesized by Deposition-Precipitation Method for Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2004, 223(1-2):289-293.
[38] Murena F., F. Gioia. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Decachlorobiphenyl [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2002, 38(1):39-50.
[39] Murena Fabio, Francesco Gioia. Solvent Extraction of Chlorinated Compounds from Soils and Hydrodechlorination of the Extract Phase [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 162(2-3):661-667.
[40] Lingaiah N., P. S. Sai Prasad, P. Kanta Rao, et al. Structure and Activity of Microwave Irradiated Silica Supported Pd-Fe Bimetallic Catalysts in the Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene [J]. Catalysis Communications, 2002, 3(9):391-397.
[41] Hannus I., M. Búza, A. Beck, et al. Hydrodechlorination Catalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Tio2 Modified Sba-15 Investigated by Ir Spectroscopy [J]. Journal of Molecular Structure, 2009, 924-926:355-357.
[42] Halász János, Béla Imre, István Hannus. Ir Spectroscopic Investigation of Hydrodechlorination on Pt-Containing Zeolites [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2004, 271(1-2):47-53.
[43] Legawiec-Jarzyna M., A. Srebowata, W. Juszczyk, et al. Hydrodechlorination of Dichlorodifluoromethane, Carbon Tetrachloride and 1,2-Dichloroethane over Pt/Al2o3 Catalysts [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2004, 224(1-2):171-177.
[44] Calvo L., M. A. Gilarranz, J. A. Casas, et al. Hydrodechlorination of Diuron in Aqueous Solution with Pd, Cu and Ni on Activated Carbon Catalysts [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 163(3):212-218.
[45] Chary Komandur V. R., Katar Sri Lakshmi, Pendyala Venkat Ramana Rao, et al. Characterization and Catalytic Properties of Niobia Supported Nickel Catalysts in the Hydrodechlorination of 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2004, 223(1-2):353-361.
[46] Meshesha B. T., R. J. Chiment?o, F. Medina, et al. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene over Pd/Mg(Al)O Catalysts [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 87(1-2):70-77.
[47] Kim Pil, Younghun Kim, Heesoo Kim, et al. Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of Nimg Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Alumina for Hydrodechlorination of O-Dichlorobenzene [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2005, 231(1-2):247-254.
[48] Ordó?ez S., H. Sastre, F. V. Díez. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene over Red Mud [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2001, 81(1-2):103-114.
[49] Cao Yu Cai, You Li. In Situ Synthesis of Supported Palladium Complexes: Highly Stable and Selective Supported Palladium Catalysts for Hydrodechlorination of Ccl2f2 [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2005, 294(2):298-305.
[50] Park Younggeun, Taewook Kang, Jaeho Lee, et al. Single-Step Preparation of Ni Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Silicas (Sba-15 and Sba-16) and the Effect of Pore Structure on the Selective Hydrodechlorination of 1,1,2-Trichloroethane to Vcm [J]. Catalysis Today, 2004, 97(2-3):195-203.
[51] Hina Rateb H., Rasha Kh Al-Fayyoumi. Conversion of Dichlorodifluoromethane with Hydrogen over Pd/Alf3 and Ru/Alf3 Prepared by Sol-Gel Method [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2004, 207(1):27-33.
[52] Ordó?ez S., H. Sastre, F. V. Díez. Hydrodechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene over Modified Red Mud: Deactivation Studies and Kinetics [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 34(3):213-226.
[53] Cobo Martha, Alexander Quintero, Consuelo Montes De Correa. Liquid Phase Dioxin Hydrodechlorination over Pd/[Gamma]-Al2o3 [J]. Catalysis Today, 2008, 133-135:509-519.
[54] Gopinath Rajesh, K. Narasimha Rao, P. S. Sai Prasad, et al. Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene on Nb2o5-Supported Pd Catalysts: Influence of Microwave Irradiation DuringPreparation on the Stability of the Catalyst [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2002, 181(1-2):215-220.
[55] Imre Béla, István Hannus, Imre Kiricsi. Comparative Ir Spectroscopic Study of Pt- and Pd-Containing Zeolites in the Hydrodechlorination Reaction of Carbon Tetrachloride [J]. Journal of Molecular Structure, 2005, 744-747:501-506.
[56] Krishna Murthy J., S. Chandra Shekar, K. S. Rama Rao, et al. Advantages of Fcca and Bi Promotion in Bi-Pd/Fcca Catalysts for the Hydrodechlorination of Ccl2f2 [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2004, 259(2):169-178.
[57] Aristizábal Beatriz, Carlos Andrés González, Izaskun Barrio, et al. Screening of Pd and Ni Supported on Sol-Gel Derived Oxides for Dichloromethane Hydrodechlorination [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2004, 222(1-2):189-198.
[58] Urbano F. J., J. M. Marinas. Hydrogenolysis of Organohalogen Compounds over Palladium Supported Catalysts [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2001, 173(1-2):329-345.
[59] Matatov-Meytal Yurii I., Moshe Sheintuch. Catalytic Abatement of Water Pollutants [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1998, 37(2):309-326.
[60] Gómez-Quero Santiago, Elena Díaz, Fernando Cárdenas-Lizana, et al. Solvent Effects in the Catalytic Hydrotreament of Haloaromatics over Pd/Al2o3 in Water+Organic Mixtures [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2010, 65(12):3786-3797.
[61] Xia Chuanhai, Jie Xu, Wenzhong Wu, et al. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of 2,4,4'-Trichloro-2'-Hydroxydiphenylether under Mild Conditions [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2003, 45(4):281-292.
[62] Xia Chuanhai, Ying Liu, Shiwei Zhou, et al. The Pd-Catalyzed Hydrodechlorination of Chlorophenols in Aqueous Solutions under Mild Conditions: A Promising Approach to Practical Use in Wastewater [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 169(1-3):1029-1033.
[63] Karwa R.A. Rajadhyaksha,S.L. Solvent Effects in Catalytic Hydrogenation [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 1986, 41(7):1765-1770.
[64] C. J. Clark P. S. C. Rao, M. D. Annable. Degradation of Perchloroethylene in Co-Solvent Solutions by Zero-Valent Iron [J]. J. Hazard. Mater. B, 96(2003):65–78.
[65] N.E. Korte O.R. West, L. Liang, B. Gub, J.L. Zutman, Q. Fernando. The Effect of SolventConcentration on the Use of Palladized-Iron for the Step-Wise Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soil Extracts [J]. Waste Manage, 22(2002):343–349.
[66] G.V. Lowry K.M. Johnson. Congener-Specific Dechlorination of Dissolved Pcbs by Microscale and Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron in a Water/Methanol Solution [J]. Environ. Sci. Technol., 38(2004):5208–5216.
[67] N.C. Concibido T. Okuda, Y. Nakano, W. Nishijima, M. Okada. Enhancement of the Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene in Methanol at Mild Conditions by Water Addition [J]. Tetrahedron Lett., 46(2005):3613–3617.
[68] Y. Liu F. Yang, P.L. Yue, G. Chen. Catalytic Dechlorination of Chlorophenols in Water by Palladium/Iron [J]. Water Res., 35(2001):1887–1890.
[69] H.M. Roy C.M. Wai, T. Yuan, J.-K. Kim, W.D. Marshall. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Chlorophenols in Aqueous Solution under Mild Conditions [J]. Appl. Catal. A: General, 271(2004):137–143.
[70] Y. Xu W. X. Zhang. Subcolloidal Fe/Ag Particles for Reductive Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Benzenes [J]. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39(2000):2238–2244.
[71] Patel Upendra D., Sumathi Suresh. Complete Dechlorination of Pentachlorophenol Using Palladized Bacterial Cellulose in a Rotating Catalyst Contact Reactor [J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2008, 319(2):462-469.
[72] Speight J. G. Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry [M]. Sixteenth ed. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2005.
[73] Garnett J. L. Catal. Rev., 5(1972):229-267.
[74] Tundo Pietro, Alvise Perosa, Maurizio Selva, et al. A Mild Catalytic Detoxification Method for Pcdds and Pcdfs [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 32(1-2):L1-L7.
[75] Zinovyev Sergei S., Natalia A. Shinkova, Alvise Perosa, et al. Dechlorination of Lindane in the Multiphase Catalytic Reduction System with Pd/C, Pt/C and Raney-Ni [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2004, 47(1):27-36.
[76] Zinovyev Sergei S., Natalia A. Shinkova, Alvise Perosa, et al. Liquid Phase Hydrodechlorination of Dieldrin and Ddt over Pd/C and Raney-Ni [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2005, 55(1):39-48.
[77] Anusiewicz Iwona, Tadeusz Janiak, Janina Okal. Kinetic Study of the Hydrogenolysis ofPolychlorobenzenes over a Pd/C Catalyst in an Alkaline Aqueous-N-Hexane System [J]. Catalysis Communications, 2010, 11(8):797-801.
[78] Monguchi Yasunari, Akira Kume, Hironao Sajiki. Facile and Catalytic Degradation Method of Ddt Using Pd/C-Et3n System under Ambient Pressure and Temperature [J]. Tetrahedron, 2006, 62(35):8384-8392.
[79] Monguchi Yasunari, Akira Kume, Kazuyuki Hattori, et al. Pd/C-Et3n-Mediated Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Aromatic Chlorides under Mild Conditions [J]. Tetrahedron, 2006, 62(33):7926-7933.
[80] Tundo Pietro, Alvise Perosa, Sergei Zinovyev. Modifier Effects on Pt/C, Pd/C, and Raney-Ni Catalysts in Multiphase Catalytic Hydrogenation Systems [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2003, 204-205:747-754.
[81] Tundo Pietro, Alvise Perosa. The Action of Onium Salts and Other Modifiers on Pt/C, Pd/C, and Raney-Ni Catalysts in the Multiphase Reduction System [J]. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2003, 54(1-3):95-101.
[82] Janiak Tadeusz, Jerzy Blazejowski. Kinetics of 10% Pd/C-Catalysed Hydrogenolysis of Chlorobenzene Dissolved in N-Heptane by Gaseous Hydrogen in Contact with Aqueous Naoh or Water [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2004, 271(1-2):103-108.
[83] Aramendía M. A., V. Boráu, I. M. García, et al. Liquid-Phase Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene over Palladium-Supported Catalysts: Influence of Hcl Formation and Naoh Addition [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2002, 184(1-2):237-245.
[84] Janiak Tadeusz, Janina Okal. Effectiveness and Stability of Commercial Pd/C Catalysts in the Hydrodechlorination of Meta-Substituted Chlorobenzenes [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 92(3-4):384-392.
[85] Evdokimova Galina, Sergei Zinovyev, Alvise Perosa, et al. Selectivity Issues in the Catalytic Multiphase Reduction of Functionalized Halogenated Aromatics over Pd/C, Pt/C, and Raney-Ni [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2004, 271(1-2):129-136.
[86] Golubina E. V., E. S. Lokteva, V. V. Lunin, et al. The Role of Fe Addition on the Activity of Pd-Containing Catalysts in Multiphase Hydrodechlorination [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2006, 302(1):32-41.
[87] Tundo Pietro, Sergei Zinovyev, Alvise Perosa. Multiphase Catalytic Hydrogenation of P-Chloroacetophenone and Acetophenone. A Kinetic Study of the Reaction Selectivity toward the Reduction of Different Functional Groups [J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2000, 196(2):330-338.
[88] Zinovyev Sergei, Alvise Perosa, Sergei Yufit, et al. Hydrodechlorination and Hydrogenation over Raney-Ni under Multiphase Conditions: Role of Multiphase Environment in Reaction Kinetics and Selectivity [J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2002, 211(2):347-354.
[89] Zinovyev Sergei S., Natalia A. Shinkova, Alvise Perosa, et al. Phase-Transfer Promotion of Hydrodechlorination of Chlorophenoxy-Pesticides over Pd/C and Raney-Ni [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2005, 55(1):49-56.
[90] Zinovyev Sergei, Andrei Shelepchikov, Pietro Tundo. Design of New Systems for Transfer Hydrogenolysis of Polychlorinated Aromatics with 2-Propanol Using a Raney Nickel Catalyst [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2007, 72(3-4):289-298.
[91] Zinovyev Sergei, Pietro Tundo. On the Promoting Effect by Quaternary Ammonium Salts in the Multiphase Hydrodechlorination with Hydrogen Gas on Raney Nickel Catalyst [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2007, 75(1-2):124-128.
[92] Ukisu Yuji, Satoshi Kameoka, Tatsuo Miyadera. Catalytic Dechlorination of Aromatic Chlorides with Noble-Metal Catalysts under Mild Conditions: Approach to Practical Use [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2000, 27(2):97-104.
[93] Sajiki Hironao, Kosaku Hirota. A Novel Type of Pdm/C-Catalyzed Hydrogenation Using a Catalyst Poison: Chemoselective Inhibition of the Hydrogenolysis for O-Benzyl Protective Group by the Addition of a Nitrogen-Containing Base [J]. Tetrahedron, 1998, 54(46):13981-13996.
[94] Hoke Jeffrey B., Gary A. Gramiccioni, Edward N. Balko. Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Chlorophenols [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1992, 1(4):285-296.
[95] Angel G. Del, J. L. Benitez. Effect of Hcl Acid on the Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene over Palladium Supported Catalysts [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2001, 165(1-2):9-13.
[96] Behnisch Peter A., Kazunori Hosoe, Shin-Ichi Sakai. Bioanalytical Screening Methods for Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds -- a Review of Bioassay/Biomarker Technology [J].Environment International, 2001, 27(5):413-439.
[97] T. Sako T. Sugeta, K. Otake, M. Sato, M. Tsugumi, T. Hiaki, M. Hongo. Decomposition of Dioxins in Fly Ash with Supercritical Water Oxidation [J]. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN, 30(1997):744-747.
[98] D.G. Crosby A.S. Wong, J.R. Plimmer, E.A. Woolson. Photodecomposition of Chlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins [J]. Science, 1971, 173(3998):748-749.
[99] Kieatiwong Somchai, Long V. Nguyen, Vincent R. Hebert, et al. Photolysis of Chlorinated Dioxins in Organic Solvents and on Soils [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 1990, 24(10):1575-1580.
[100] Dobbs A. J., C. Grant. Photolysis of Highly Chlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins by Sunlight [J]. Nature, 1979, 278(5700):163-165.
[101] A.L. Mcpeters M.R. Overcash. Demonstration of Photodegradation by Sunlight of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin in 6 Cm Soil Columns [J]. Chemosphere, 1993, 27(7):1221-1234
[102] R.J. Hilarides K.A. Gray, J. Guzzetta, N. Cortellucci, C. Sommer. Radiolytic Degradation of 2,3,7,8-Tcdd in Artificially Contaminated Soils [J]. Water Environment Research, 1994, 28(13):2249-2258.
[103] Choi Wonyong, Soo Jin Hong, Yoon-Seok Chang, et al. Photocatalytic Degradation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins on Tio2 Film under Uv or Solar Light Irradiation [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2000, 34(22):4810-4815.
[104] Ballerstedt Hendrik, Angelika Kraus, Ute Lechner. Reductive Dechlorination of 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin and Its Products by Anaerobic Mixed Cultures from Saale River Sediment [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 1997, 31(6):1749-1753.
[105] De Pava Eugenio Vajna, Ezio Battistel. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-Dioxins and -Furans Detoxification of Soil Promoted by K-Polyethylene Glycol Technology [J]. Chemosphere, 2005, 59(9):1333-1342.
[106] Ukisu Yuji, Tatsuo Miyadera. Dechlorination of Dioxins with Supported Palladium Catalysts in 2-Propanol Solution [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2004, 271(1-2):165-170.
[107] Zhang Feng, Jiping Chen, Haijun Zhang, et al. Dechlorination of Dioxins with Pd/C inEthanol-Water Solution under Mild Conditions [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2008, 59(2):164-168.
[108] Garnett J. L., J. C. West. Reduction of Platinum(Iv) to Platinum(Ii) by Reaction with Organic Compounds [J]. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, 1972, 2(1):25-32.
[109] C.M. Mate C.T.Kao, G.A.Somorjai. Carbon Monoxide Induced Ordering of Adsorbates on the Rhodium(111)Crystal Surface:Importance of Surface Dipole Moments. [J]. Surf. Sci., 1988, 206:145-168.
[110] B. E. Koel J. E. Crowell, C. M. Mate, G. A. Somorjai. A High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Study of the Surface Structure of Benzene Adsorbed on the Rh(111) Crystal Face [J]. J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88:1988-1996
[111] Yuan Guang, Mark A. Keane. Role of Base Addition in the Liquid-Phase Hydrodechlorination of 2,4-Dichlorophenol over Pd/Al2o3 and Pd/C [J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2004, 225(2):510-522.
[112] Tian Hua, Jinjun Li, Zhen Mu, et al. Effect of Ph on Ddt Degradation in Aqueous Solution Using Bimetallic Ni/Fe Nanoparticles [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2009, 66(1):84-89.
[113] Rylander P. N. Catalytic Hydrogenation over Platinum Metals [M]. New York: Academic Press. 1967: pp. 405–431.
[114] Wu Wenhai, Jie Xu. Liquid-Phase Hydrodechlorination of Chlorinated Benzenes over Active Carbon Supported Nickel Catalysts under Mild Conditions [J]. Catalysis Communications, 2004, 5(10):591-595.
[115] Pozan G. S. Effects of Alkaline Additives on Conversion of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol over Pd-Rh/C Catalysts [J]. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 2009, 16:52-57.
[116] Michael D. Hale Fred D. Hileman, Thomas Mazer, Traci L. Shell, Roy W. Noble, Joseph J. Brooks. Mathematical Modeling of Temperature Programmed Capillary Gas Chromatographic Retention Indexes for Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans [J]. Anal. Chem., 1985, 57:640-648.
[117] Kawabata Tomonori, Ikuo Atake, Yoshihiko Ohishi, et al. Liquid Phase Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Aryl Chlorides over Pd-Al-Mcm-41 Catalyst [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2006, 66(3-4):151-160.
[118] Hashimoto Yoshihito, Yoshio Uemichi, Akimi Ayame. Low-Temperature Hydrodechlorination Mechanism of Chlorobenzenes over Platinum-Supported and Palladium-Supported Alumina Catalysts [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2005, 287(1):89-97.
[119] Weber Roland. Relevance of Pcdd/Pcdf Formation for the Evaluation of Pops Destruction Technologies - Review on Current Status and Assessment Gaps [J]. Chemosphere, 2007, 67(9):S109-S117.
[120] Wu Wenhai, Jie Xu, Hongmei Zhao, et al. A Practical Approach to the Degradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Transformer Oil [J]. Chemosphere, 2005, 60(7):944-950.
[121] Mitoma Yoshiharu, Naoyoshi Egashira, Cristian Simion. Highly Effective Degradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soil Mediated by a Ca/Rh Bicatalytic System [J]. Chemosphere, 2009, 74(7):968-973.
[122] Murena F., E. Schioppa. Kinetic Analysis of Catalytic Hydrodechlorination Process of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2000, 27(4):257-267.
[123] Sajiki Hironao, Akira Kume, Kazuyuki Hattori, et al. Complete and Truly Catalytic Degradation Method of Pcbs Using Pd/C-Et3n System under Ambient Pressure and Temperature [J]. Tetrahedron Letters, 2002, 43(40):7251-7254.
[124] Liu Xitao, Wei Zhao, Ke Sun, et al. Dechlorination of Pcbs in the Simulative Transformer Oil by Microwave-Hydrothermal Reaction with Zero-Valent Iron Involved [J]. Chemosphere, 2011, 82(5):773-777.
[125] Miyoshi Kumiko, Takehiko Nishio, Akio Yasuhara, et al. Detoxification of Hexachlorobenzene by Dechlorination with Potassium-Sodium Alloy [J]. Chemosphere, 2004, 55(11):1439-1446.
[126] Noma Yukio, Yoshito Mitsuhara, Kiyoshi Matsuyama, et al. Pathways and Products of the Degradation of Pcbs by the Sodium Dispersion Method [J]. Chemosphere, 2007, 68(5):871-879.
[127] Varanasi Patanjali, Andres Fullana, Sukh Sidhu. Remediation of Pcb Contaminated Soils Using Iron Nano-Particles [J]. Chemosphere, 2007, 66(6):1031-1038.
[128] Manzano M. A., J. A. Perales, D. Sales, et al. Using Solar and Ultraviolet Light to Degrade Pcbs in Sand and Transformer Oils [J]. Chemosphere, 2004, 57(7):645-654.
[129] Yao Yuan, Kohji Kakimoto, Hiroaki I. Ogawa, et al. Further Study on the Photochemistry of Non-Ortho Substituted Pcbs by Uv Irradiation in Alkaline 2-Propanol [J]. Chemosphere,40(9-11):951-956.
[130] Chaychian Mahnaz, Cynthia Jones, Dianne Poster, et al. Radiolytic Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Transformer Oil and in Marine Sediment [J]. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2002, 65(4-5):473-478.
[131] He Yongke, Jun Liu, Yingdong Lu, et al. Gamma Radiation Treatment of Pentachlorophenol, 2,4-Dichlorophenol and 2-Chlorophenol in Water [J]. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2002, 65(4-5):565-570.
[132] Catallo W. James, Thomas Junk. Sonochemical Dechlorination of Hazardous Wastes in Aqueous Systems [J]. Waste Management, 1995, 15(4):303-309.
[133] Arienzo M., J. Chiarenzelli, R. Scrudato, et al. Iron-Mediated Reactions of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Electrochemical Peroxidation Process (Ecp) [J]. Chemosphere, 2001, 44(6):1339-1346.
[134] Hashimoto Shunji, Kiyohiko Watanabe, Kazutoshi Nose, et al. Remediation of Soil Contaminated with Dioxins by Subcritical Water Extraction [J]. Chemosphere, 2004, 54(1):89-96.
[135] Matsunaga Atsushi, Akio Yasuhara. Dechlorination of Pcbs by Electrochemical Reduction with Aromatic Radical Anion as Mediator [J]. Chemosphere, 2005, 58(7):897-904.
[136] Nah In Wook, Kyung-Yub Hwang, Yong-Gun Shul. Effect of Metal and Glycol on Mechanochemical Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) [J]. Chemosphere, 2008, 73(1):138-141.
[137] Ukisu Yuji, Seiji Iimura, Ryuji Uchida. Catalytic Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls with Carbon-Supported Noble Metal Catalysts under Mild Conditions [J]. Chemosphere, 1996, 33(8):1523-1530.
[138] Kume Akira, Yasunari Monguchi, Kazuyuki Hattori, et al. Pd/C-Catalyzed Practical Degradation of Pcbs at Room Temperature [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2008, 81(3-4):274-282.
[139] LassováLuisa, Hian Kee Lee, T. S. Andy Hor. Catalytic Dehalogenation of Highly Chlorinated Benzenes and Aroclors Using Pdcl2(Dppf) and Nabh4: Efficiency, Selectivity, and Base Support [J]. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1998, 63(11):3538-3543