Cu-Sb合金熔体结构转变及其凝固相关性
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摘要
液态物质的结构及基本性质对凝固、固态相变以及材料最终组织与性能具有重要的影响。近年来,液态物质多型性得到了科学界普遍关注,很多物质液态结构被发现随温度或压力而发生异常变化。这些现象打破了人们对液态结构连续渐变的传统认知,也为更进一步认知液态物质提供了新的突破口。多年以来,合金熔体过热处理作为重要手段之一应用于改善材料组织和性能方面取得了丰硕成果。虽然人们将熔体热历史对凝固的作用归结于熔体结构状态的变化,但其本质及规律并不十分明了。液态结构转变的发现与研究,为液-固依存关系的认知提供了一个新的契机,同时也避免了工艺探索上的盲目性,但对于熔体结构转变及其对凝固、合金性能影响的规律及本质仍需进一步探索。
本文以化合物形成合金Cu-Sb合金为研究对象,系统地研究了三种成分合金液态结构转变的各自特征及规律,并利用不同的熔体热处理方式探讨了可逆及不可逆两类熔体结构转变对于合金凝固行为及组织的影响,主要内容、创新点和意义归纳如下:
1、研究三种成分Cu(100-x)Sbx (x=70,76.5,90)合金在连续升降温过程的电阻率-温度行为,发现其在特定温度区间内存在明显的异常现象,提示其液态结构发生了可逆及不可逆两种转变。该结果证实,除以前发现含Sn的合金熔体以外,又一类合金——含Sb的合金,其熔体的温度行为也可能发生可逆转变。
2、以熔体结构转变为切入点,利用不同冷却速率控制合金熔体的凝固过程,并运用多种实验和检测方法分别研究了可逆及不可逆两类熔体结构转变对合金凝固行为和凝固组织的影响。研究发现:经历不可逆转变的熔体,凝固过冷度增大、形核率增高、对应凝固速率加快,凝固组织明显细化,且其中的各析出相的组织形态也会发生变化;另一方面,针对可逆转变改变熔体处理方法,能够有效地操控熔体状态,从而最终得到不同的凝固组织。
3、在研究方法上,将电阻法与热分析法相结合用于研究熔体结构转变前后的凝固过程,验证了电阻法不仅可有效揭示凝固行为,具有凝固特征点更为明显的优势,还可以比热分析法揭示更多的凝固行为信息。
本文结果揭示:事先把握熔体状态对温度的变化信息及规律,有利于更明确地操控熔体处理温度来有效控制凝固组织。本文所揭示的新的现象、结果及规律,为更深入地认识液态物质结构及其本质提供了新的依据;对材料加工的技术进步具有积极意义。
The structures and properties of liquid metals and alloys do have much effect on solidification, phase transitions, as well as the final solidified microstructures and their qualities. In recent years, the phenomena of liquid polyamorphism bring great interest to relevant realms, and pressure or temperature induced liquid-liquid structure transitions (TI-LLST) were found could occur in liquids. All these present challenges to our conventional picture of liquid as entity with a continuously varying averaged structure, and provide new breakthrough to further recognize liquid substances. The overheating treatment of alloy melts has been widely studied for many years, and it has been verified that the structures and properties of some alloys could be obviously improved by such proper treatment. Generally, people think that the effects of over-heating treatments on solidification must attribute to some changes of melt’s structures states, however, the essence and rule of these phenomena are not anatomized very well by now. And although the detection and investigation of liquid-liquid structure transitions provide a new way for deeper understanding the relationship of liquid-solid structures, the nature and rule of the melt structure transition and its effect on solidification still need to be explored further.
In this paper, the compound forming alloy is chosen as the investigation object. The characters, mechanism and also their correlation of TI-LLST in three components Cu(100-x)Sbx (x=70,76.5,90) alloy are systematically explored with electrical resistivity method. In addition, based on the prior results, from the new viewpoint of TI-LLST, the effects of TI-LLST (both reversible and irreversible) on the solidification of Cu-Sb alloys are studied further. The major contents and conclusions are as follows:
First, the electrical resistivities of liquid Cu-Sb alloys are measured as the function of temperature continuously in several heating and cooling cycles. The results show that the resistivity-temperature (ρ-T) curves of the melt change abnormally in a relatively high-temperature zone above the liquidus in several experimental. It indicates that there are TI-LLST in Cu-Sb alloys, moreover the structure transition contain both irreversible and reversible ones. These new phenomena verify that the temperature behavior of melt another kind of alloy—Sb-based alloy could also be reversible, except the Sn-based alloy.
Second, from the viewpoint of melt structure transitions, through different melt overheating treatments, the effects of both reversible and irreversible TI-LLST on the solidification of Cu-Sb alloys were studied. The results show that larger undercooling, higer nucleus forming rates, faster solidification rates could be obtained after the melt experienced the TI-LLST, in consequence, finer grain sizes as well as different microscopic patterns of solidified structures would be gained. In other sides, amending the melt processing methods in response to the reversible structure changes could catch hold of the melts states effectively, and resulting in different solidification microstructures.
Third, in research methods, the resisitivity method was still used to investigate the solidification process of the melt, associated with the thermal analysis method. The results reflected in this paper show that the the resisitivity method could not only display the solidified behavior very validly, such as the more visible solidification parameters but also supply more imformations of the solidification behavior than thermal analysis method.
The new phenomena and results reflected in this paper suggest that grasping the rules of melt structure change with temperature before material processing will give help for controlling the solidification more effectively, finally resulting in more ideal microstructures. It provides a new basis for deeper understanding the essence of heat treatment, and is also of significance for promoting the innovation of material processing.
本文以化合物形成合金Cu-Sb合金为研究对象,系统地研究了三种成分合金液态结构转变的各自特征及规律,并利用不同的熔体热处理方式探讨了可逆及不可逆两类熔体结构转变对于合金凝固行为及组织的影响,主要内容、创新点和意义归纳如下:
1、研究三种成分Cu(100-x)Sbx (x=70,76.5,90)合金在连续升降温过程的电阻率-温度行为,发现其在特定温度区间内存在明显的异常现象,提示其液态结构发生了可逆及不可逆两种转变。该结果证实,除以前发现含Sn的合金熔体以外,又一类合金——含Sb的合金,其熔体的温度行为也可能发生可逆转变。
2、以熔体结构转变为切入点,利用不同冷却速率控制合金熔体的凝固过程,并运用多种实验和检测方法分别研究了可逆及不可逆两类熔体结构转变对合金凝固行为和凝固组织的影响。研究发现:经历不可逆转变的熔体,凝固过冷度增大、形核率增高、对应凝固速率加快,凝固组织明显细化,且其中的各析出相的组织形态也会发生变化;另一方面,针对可逆转变改变熔体处理方法,能够有效地操控熔体状态,从而最终得到不同的凝固组织。
3、在研究方法上,将电阻法与热分析法相结合用于研究熔体结构转变前后的凝固过程,验证了电阻法不仅可有效揭示凝固行为,具有凝固特征点更为明显的优势,还可以比热分析法揭示更多的凝固行为信息。
本文结果揭示:事先把握熔体状态对温度的变化信息及规律,有利于更明确地操控熔体处理温度来有效控制凝固组织。本文所揭示的新的现象、结果及规律,为更深入地认识液态物质结构及其本质提供了新的依据;对材料加工的技术进步具有积极意义。
The structures and properties of liquid metals and alloys do have much effect on solidification, phase transitions, as well as the final solidified microstructures and their qualities. In recent years, the phenomena of liquid polyamorphism bring great interest to relevant realms, and pressure or temperature induced liquid-liquid structure transitions (TI-LLST) were found could occur in liquids. All these present challenges to our conventional picture of liquid as entity with a continuously varying averaged structure, and provide new breakthrough to further recognize liquid substances. The overheating treatment of alloy melts has been widely studied for many years, and it has been verified that the structures and properties of some alloys could be obviously improved by such proper treatment. Generally, people think that the effects of over-heating treatments on solidification must attribute to some changes of melt’s structures states, however, the essence and rule of these phenomena are not anatomized very well by now. And although the detection and investigation of liquid-liquid structure transitions provide a new way for deeper understanding the relationship of liquid-solid structures, the nature and rule of the melt structure transition and its effect on solidification still need to be explored further.
In this paper, the compound forming alloy is chosen as the investigation object. The characters, mechanism and also their correlation of TI-LLST in three components Cu(100-x)Sbx (x=70,76.5,90) alloy are systematically explored with electrical resistivity method. In addition, based on the prior results, from the new viewpoint of TI-LLST, the effects of TI-LLST (both reversible and irreversible) on the solidification of Cu-Sb alloys are studied further. The major contents and conclusions are as follows:
First, the electrical resistivities of liquid Cu-Sb alloys are measured as the function of temperature continuously in several heating and cooling cycles. The results show that the resistivity-temperature (ρ-T) curves of the melt change abnormally in a relatively high-temperature zone above the liquidus in several experimental. It indicates that there are TI-LLST in Cu-Sb alloys, moreover the structure transition contain both irreversible and reversible ones. These new phenomena verify that the temperature behavior of melt another kind of alloy—Sb-based alloy could also be reversible, except the Sn-based alloy.
Second, from the viewpoint of melt structure transitions, through different melt overheating treatments, the effects of both reversible and irreversible TI-LLST on the solidification of Cu-Sb alloys were studied. The results show that larger undercooling, higer nucleus forming rates, faster solidification rates could be obtained after the melt experienced the TI-LLST, in consequence, finer grain sizes as well as different microscopic patterns of solidified structures would be gained. In other sides, amending the melt processing methods in response to the reversible structure changes could catch hold of the melts states effectively, and resulting in different solidification microstructures.
Third, in research methods, the resisitivity method was still used to investigate the solidification process of the melt, associated with the thermal analysis method. The results reflected in this paper show that the the resisitivity method could not only display the solidified behavior very validly, such as the more visible solidification parameters but also supply more imformations of the solidification behavior than thermal analysis method.
The new phenomena and results reflected in this paper suggest that grasping the rules of melt structure change with temperature before material processing will give help for controlling the solidification more effectively, finally resulting in more ideal microstructures. It provides a new basis for deeper understanding the essence of heat treatment, and is also of significance for promoting the innovation of material processing.
引文
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