煤矿瓦斯事故中不安全行为形成机理及研究
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摘要
二十世纪末期以来,可持续发展以及“低碳经济”理念日益深入人心,核能、风能等清洁能源开发生产加快,多元化能源格局逐步形成。但受传统工业化生产方式、市场需求日益递增等现实因素约束,近年来煤炭开采强度、难度依然逐步增加,煤炭资源存量日益递减、煤矿开采条件日趋复杂,这些客观现实导致煤炭行业仍是我国工业生产中伤亡事故最严重的行业。1996～2004年我国煤矿特大事故统计分析表明,瓦斯事故是所有煤矿安全事故中主要类型,2009年山西焦煤集团屯兰煤矿事故、黑龙江龙煤集团鹤岗分公司新兴煤矿事故、贵州黔西南州兴仁县振兴煤矿事故均为瓦斯事故。中国煤矿1980年到2000年20年间重大瓦斯爆炸事故和国有重点煤矿重大瓦斯爆炸事故的对比分析进一步显示,人因所占比率高达96.59%和89.02%。毋庸置疑,加强煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为的系统研究,对推动可持续发展、构建和谐中国具有重大的理论和现实意义。
本文以煤矿瓦斯事故为研究对象,从2004—2008年《中国统计年鉴》、《中国煤炭工业统计年鉴》和国家安全监察总局网站等搜集、整理和归纳相关数据资料,依据行为科学、人类工效学、系统科学、系统动力学等研究涉及的主要理论,研究分析了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成机理这一重要问题。
本文主要研究内容包括四个方面:
(1)煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为特征规律分析。首先对2004—2010年我国煤矿瓦斯事故原始数据,按照事故的单位、类型、时间、地点、原因等5维度进行详细统计;其次结合煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为特殊性,设计了瓦斯事故的环境特征、行为特征和交叉特征3个行为特征规律统计维度;再次,按照瓦斯爆炸、瓦斯中毒与窒息、瓦斯突出3种事故类型,运用统计分析、归纳演绎等方法,结合原始数据统计资料,研究阐明不同瓦斯事故类型中的不安全行为特征规律。
(2)煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为影响因素群分析。本文依据安全行为学,从不安全行为主体视角,将煤矿瓦斯事故中不安全行为划分为个体失误、群体失误、组织失误三种类型;基于我国煤矿瓦斯事故2005—2010年原始数据统计分析,研究归纳出煤矿瓦斯事故33种典型不安全行为和70种主要影响因素;从系统科学视角,认为煤矿人因瓦斯事故影响因素群是由个体失误、群体失误、组织失误等三个事故影响因素子系统组成的开放复杂系统,各子系统之间相互依存、相互作用、相互制约,形成系统自组织的特定层次、结构、模式;进而构建了以个人-群体-组织相结合的瓦斯事故不安全行为致因系统模型,指出了个体、群体及组织因素在煤矿人因瓦斯事故中的地位及相互关系。
(3)煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成机理研究。首先,从人类自然属性和社会属性出发,阐明人的自然生理行为模式和社会环境行为模式;其次,在借鉴既往相关研究成果基础上,分析归纳了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成过程中的8种典型心理和生理现象;再次,基于认知心理学和行为激励学相关理论,指明了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成过程中的5个关键影响因素,研究归纳出不安全行为形成的6个紧密相连的环节和步骤;第四,在上述研究基础上,构建了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成机理过程模型。
(4)研究结论和建议。本部分紧密依托论文研究成果,首先归纳总结了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为中,不同行为主体的角色和作用,认为:员工个体因素是造成煤矿瓦斯事故的主要因素,群体因素是煤矿瓦斯事故中的联结因素,组织因素是导致煤矿瓦斯事故的关键因素;其次,紧密结合第三、四部分煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为影响因素、形成机理的研究成果,得出了3个方面的研究结论,提出了5个方面的针对性建议。
论文研究重点和难点主要在于:一是对于2004-2010年度煤矿瓦斯事故原始样本数据的搜集、整理、甄别,这是本课题研究的基点;二是运用实证和定量分析方法,对煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为特征规律的描述与分析,特别是对环境规律与行为规律的交叉特征规律分析;三是运用系统论,对煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为的影响因素群进行系统分析、构建系统模型;四是基于认知心理学、行为激励学、系统动力学等理论,研究煤矿员工在瓦斯事故中不安全行为形成过程中的典型不安全行为心理特征、关键因素、形成过程,进而构建煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成机理模型。
论文可能的创新之处主要体现在:一是从不安全行为主体视角,将煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为划分为个体失误、群体失误和组织失误3种类型,研究归纳出煤矿瓦斯事故33种典型不安全行为和70种影响因素,有利于针对性地研究不同行为的影响因素和防范措施;二是从系统科学视角,定义了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为影响因素群系统及其特定层次、结构、模式,构建了以个人-群体-组织相结合的瓦斯人因事故致因系统模型;三是将行为科学、人类工效学等多理论交叉结合,研究归纳了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成过程中8种典型不安全行为心理特征、6个关键步骤,构建了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成机理模型。
Since the late 20th century, the concept of sustainable development and "low-carbon economy" has been increasingly popular with people. The developing and producing of clean energy such as nuclear energy and wind energy, are speeding up, and a pattern of diversification of energy sources is gradually forming. However, constrained by the traditional industrial production and the increasing market demand, in recent years, the strength and difficulty of the coal mining are still gradually intensifying. Because of the decreasing stock of coal resources and the increasingly complex conditions of coal mining, the coal industry remains being the most serious casualty industry.The statistical analysis of China coalmine accidents from 1996 to 2004 showed that coalmine gas accidents are the main types of all the coalmine security incidents. In 2009, the coalmine accidents happening to Shanxi Coking Coal Group Tunlan mine, Heilongjiang Coal Group in Hegang branch and Guizhou Southwest Xingren are all due to the gas explosion. A comparative analysis of major gas explosion accidents and those of state-owned key coalmines in China's coalmines from 1980 to 2000 further revealed that the percentage of human factors was up to 96.59% and 89.02%. There is no doubt that the systematic study of unsafe behavior causing coal mine gas explosion is of great theoretical and practical meaning in promoting sustainable development and building a harmonious China.
This paper takes the coalmine gas explosion as the object of study, with the relevant data collected, collated and summarized from China Statistical Yearbook, Statistical Yearbook of China's Coal Industry and the websites of State Administration of Coal Mine Safety from 2004 to 2008. Based on the primary theories involved in the study of behavioral science, human ergonomics, system science, system dynamics, this paper studies and analyzes the formation mechanism of the unsafe behavior for coal mine gas explosion
This paper mainly includes four aspects:
(1) Analysis on the characteristics and law of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine gas explosion.Firstly, the statistic on the original data of coalmine gas accidents in China from 2004 to 2010 is carried on, according to the 5 dimensions of accident unit, type, time, place, reasons etc.; Secondly, three statistical dimensions of the behavioral characteristics, specifically on environment, behavior and cross-law, is designed, by combining the particularity of the unsafe behavior for coalmine gas explosion accidents; Thirdly, the characteristics and law of the unsafe behavior for the gas accidents is illustrated, in accordance with the three accident types of gas explosion, gas poisoning and suffocation, gas outburst, by applying the statistical analysis and other methods of induction and deduction.
(2) Analysis of the causes of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine gas accidents. Based on the security behaviorism, from the perspective of subjects causing the unsafe behavior, the unsafe behavior for coalmine gas accidents due to human factors is classified into three types: the individual fault, the group fault and the organization fault. Based on the statistical analysis of the original data of China coalmine gas accidents from 2004 to 2010, the 33 types of the unsafe behavior and 70 main factors in coalmine accidents are summarized. From the perspective of the systematic science, the human factor group for coalmine gas accidents is supposed to be an open complex system, composed of three subsystems of accident factors: the individual fault, the group fault and the organization fault. The three subsystems interact with each other and influence each other, forming their own specific layers, structures and models. Thus, the cause system model, consisting of the individual-group-organization, of the unsafe behavior for the gas accidents is constructed, which illustrates the roles and interrelations of individual, group and organization factors in the coalmine gas accidents.
(3) Analysis of the formation mechanism of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine gas accidents. First, the model of the natural circadian behavior and the social environmental behavior is illustrated on the point of human’s natural and social properties. Secondly, in reference the results of previous research, 8 typical psychological and physiological phenomena, in the course of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine accidents, are analyzed and summarized. Then, based on the relative theory of the cognitive psychology and behavioral incentive Studies, 5 key influential factors, in the course of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine accidents, are pointed out. And 6 closely conjoint links and steps of the behaviors are concluded. Fourth, based on these studies, the course model of the formation mechanism of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine gas accidents is constructed.
(4) Conclusions and recommendations. Closely relied on the studies of this paper, it begins with the conclusion of different roles and effects in the unsafe behavior for the coalmine gas accidents, which showed that the individual factor is the main reason causing the gas accident, the group factor is the related factor, and the organization factor is the key point. Secondly, on the point of the influential factors and formation mechanism of the unsafe behaviors for the coalmine accidents, studied in the third and forth part, 3 conclusions and 5 pertinence recommendations are obtained.
The Key points and difficulties are the followings: First are the data collection, management and discrimination about the original samples of the coalmine gas accidents from2005 to 2010, which is the basis of this paper’s research. Second is description and analysis on the characteristics and law of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine gas accidents, by use of the demonstration and quantitative analysis method, particularly on the cross characteristic law between the environment and behavior. Third is the construction of the systematic model and analysis on the causing factors of the unsafe behaviors for the coalmine gas accidents, which combined the system theory. Fourth is to analyze the typical psychological characteristics, the key factors and formations of the unsafe behaviors by the coalmine workers in the accidents. By combining the cognitive psychology, behavioral motivation science and systematic dynamics, the model of the formation mechanism of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine gas accidents is constructed.
The innovation of this paper might be mainly reflected in three aspects: First, on the perspective of the subject of the unsafe behaviors, the unsafe behaviors can be classified into 3 types, the individual fault, the group fault and the organization fault; and 33 types of the unsafe behaviors and 70 main factors in coalmine accidents are summarized, which benefits the pertinence research of the influential factors and defensive measures as to different behaviors. Second, on the perspective of the systematic science, the influential factors and their specific layers, structures and models, of the unsafe behaviors for the coalmine gas accidents, is defined. The individual-group-organization causing system model is established. Third, 8 typical psychological characteristics and 6 key steps of unsafe behaviors during the coalmine gas accidents are concluded by combining the behavioral science, ergonomics and many other theories, and the model of formation mechanism of the unsafe behavior for coalmine gas accident is constructed.
本文以煤矿瓦斯事故为研究对象,从2004—2008年《中国统计年鉴》、《中国煤炭工业统计年鉴》和国家安全监察总局网站等搜集、整理和归纳相关数据资料,依据行为科学、人类工效学、系统科学、系统动力学等研究涉及的主要理论,研究分析了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成机理这一重要问题。
本文主要研究内容包括四个方面:
(1)煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为特征规律分析。首先对2004—2010年我国煤矿瓦斯事故原始数据,按照事故的单位、类型、时间、地点、原因等5维度进行详细统计;其次结合煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为特殊性,设计了瓦斯事故的环境特征、行为特征和交叉特征3个行为特征规律统计维度;再次,按照瓦斯爆炸、瓦斯中毒与窒息、瓦斯突出3种事故类型,运用统计分析、归纳演绎等方法,结合原始数据统计资料,研究阐明不同瓦斯事故类型中的不安全行为特征规律。
(2)煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为影响因素群分析。本文依据安全行为学,从不安全行为主体视角,将煤矿瓦斯事故中不安全行为划分为个体失误、群体失误、组织失误三种类型;基于我国煤矿瓦斯事故2005—2010年原始数据统计分析,研究归纳出煤矿瓦斯事故33种典型不安全行为和70种主要影响因素;从系统科学视角,认为煤矿人因瓦斯事故影响因素群是由个体失误、群体失误、组织失误等三个事故影响因素子系统组成的开放复杂系统,各子系统之间相互依存、相互作用、相互制约,形成系统自组织的特定层次、结构、模式;进而构建了以个人-群体-组织相结合的瓦斯事故不安全行为致因系统模型,指出了个体、群体及组织因素在煤矿人因瓦斯事故中的地位及相互关系。
(3)煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成机理研究。首先,从人类自然属性和社会属性出发,阐明人的自然生理行为模式和社会环境行为模式;其次,在借鉴既往相关研究成果基础上,分析归纳了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成过程中的8种典型心理和生理现象;再次,基于认知心理学和行为激励学相关理论,指明了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成过程中的5个关键影响因素,研究归纳出不安全行为形成的6个紧密相连的环节和步骤;第四,在上述研究基础上,构建了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成机理过程模型。
(4)研究结论和建议。本部分紧密依托论文研究成果,首先归纳总结了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为中,不同行为主体的角色和作用,认为:员工个体因素是造成煤矿瓦斯事故的主要因素,群体因素是煤矿瓦斯事故中的联结因素,组织因素是导致煤矿瓦斯事故的关键因素;其次,紧密结合第三、四部分煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为影响因素、形成机理的研究成果,得出了3个方面的研究结论,提出了5个方面的针对性建议。
论文研究重点和难点主要在于:一是对于2004-2010年度煤矿瓦斯事故原始样本数据的搜集、整理、甄别,这是本课题研究的基点;二是运用实证和定量分析方法,对煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为特征规律的描述与分析,特别是对环境规律与行为规律的交叉特征规律分析;三是运用系统论,对煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为的影响因素群进行系统分析、构建系统模型;四是基于认知心理学、行为激励学、系统动力学等理论,研究煤矿员工在瓦斯事故中不安全行为形成过程中的典型不安全行为心理特征、关键因素、形成过程,进而构建煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成机理模型。
论文可能的创新之处主要体现在:一是从不安全行为主体视角,将煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为划分为个体失误、群体失误和组织失误3种类型,研究归纳出煤矿瓦斯事故33种典型不安全行为和70种影响因素,有利于针对性地研究不同行为的影响因素和防范措施;二是从系统科学视角,定义了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为影响因素群系统及其特定层次、结构、模式,构建了以个人-群体-组织相结合的瓦斯人因事故致因系统模型;三是将行为科学、人类工效学等多理论交叉结合,研究归纳了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成过程中8种典型不安全行为心理特征、6个关键步骤,构建了煤矿瓦斯事故不安全行为形成机理模型。
Since the late 20th century, the concept of sustainable development and "low-carbon economy" has been increasingly popular with people. The developing and producing of clean energy such as nuclear energy and wind energy, are speeding up, and a pattern of diversification of energy sources is gradually forming. However, constrained by the traditional industrial production and the increasing market demand, in recent years, the strength and difficulty of the coal mining are still gradually intensifying. Because of the decreasing stock of coal resources and the increasingly complex conditions of coal mining, the coal industry remains being the most serious casualty industry.The statistical analysis of China coalmine accidents from 1996 to 2004 showed that coalmine gas accidents are the main types of all the coalmine security incidents. In 2009, the coalmine accidents happening to Shanxi Coking Coal Group Tunlan mine, Heilongjiang Coal Group in Hegang branch and Guizhou Southwest Xingren are all due to the gas explosion. A comparative analysis of major gas explosion accidents and those of state-owned key coalmines in China's coalmines from 1980 to 2000 further revealed that the percentage of human factors was up to 96.59% and 89.02%. There is no doubt that the systematic study of unsafe behavior causing coal mine gas explosion is of great theoretical and practical meaning in promoting sustainable development and building a harmonious China.
This paper takes the coalmine gas explosion as the object of study, with the relevant data collected, collated and summarized from China Statistical Yearbook, Statistical Yearbook of China's Coal Industry and the websites of State Administration of Coal Mine Safety from 2004 to 2008. Based on the primary theories involved in the study of behavioral science, human ergonomics, system science, system dynamics, this paper studies and analyzes the formation mechanism of the unsafe behavior for coal mine gas explosion
This paper mainly includes four aspects:
(1) Analysis on the characteristics and law of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine gas explosion.Firstly, the statistic on the original data of coalmine gas accidents in China from 2004 to 2010 is carried on, according to the 5 dimensions of accident unit, type, time, place, reasons etc.; Secondly, three statistical dimensions of the behavioral characteristics, specifically on environment, behavior and cross-law, is designed, by combining the particularity of the unsafe behavior for coalmine gas explosion accidents; Thirdly, the characteristics and law of the unsafe behavior for the gas accidents is illustrated, in accordance with the three accident types of gas explosion, gas poisoning and suffocation, gas outburst, by applying the statistical analysis and other methods of induction and deduction.
(2) Analysis of the causes of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine gas accidents. Based on the security behaviorism, from the perspective of subjects causing the unsafe behavior, the unsafe behavior for coalmine gas accidents due to human factors is classified into three types: the individual fault, the group fault and the organization fault. Based on the statistical analysis of the original data of China coalmine gas accidents from 2004 to 2010, the 33 types of the unsafe behavior and 70 main factors in coalmine accidents are summarized. From the perspective of the systematic science, the human factor group for coalmine gas accidents is supposed to be an open complex system, composed of three subsystems of accident factors: the individual fault, the group fault and the organization fault. The three subsystems interact with each other and influence each other, forming their own specific layers, structures and models. Thus, the cause system model, consisting of the individual-group-organization, of the unsafe behavior for the gas accidents is constructed, which illustrates the roles and interrelations of individual, group and organization factors in the coalmine gas accidents.
(3) Analysis of the formation mechanism of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine gas accidents. First, the model of the natural circadian behavior and the social environmental behavior is illustrated on the point of human’s natural and social properties. Secondly, in reference the results of previous research, 8 typical psychological and physiological phenomena, in the course of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine accidents, are analyzed and summarized. Then, based on the relative theory of the cognitive psychology and behavioral incentive Studies, 5 key influential factors, in the course of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine accidents, are pointed out. And 6 closely conjoint links and steps of the behaviors are concluded. Fourth, based on these studies, the course model of the formation mechanism of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine gas accidents is constructed.
(4) Conclusions and recommendations. Closely relied on the studies of this paper, it begins with the conclusion of different roles and effects in the unsafe behavior for the coalmine gas accidents, which showed that the individual factor is the main reason causing the gas accident, the group factor is the related factor, and the organization factor is the key point. Secondly, on the point of the influential factors and formation mechanism of the unsafe behaviors for the coalmine accidents, studied in the third and forth part, 3 conclusions and 5 pertinence recommendations are obtained.
The Key points and difficulties are the followings: First are the data collection, management and discrimination about the original samples of the coalmine gas accidents from2005 to 2010, which is the basis of this paper’s research. Second is description and analysis on the characteristics and law of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine gas accidents, by use of the demonstration and quantitative analysis method, particularly on the cross characteristic law between the environment and behavior. Third is the construction of the systematic model and analysis on the causing factors of the unsafe behaviors for the coalmine gas accidents, which combined the system theory. Fourth is to analyze the typical psychological characteristics, the key factors and formations of the unsafe behaviors by the coalmine workers in the accidents. By combining the cognitive psychology, behavioral motivation science and systematic dynamics, the model of the formation mechanism of the unsafe behavior for the coalmine gas accidents is constructed.
The innovation of this paper might be mainly reflected in three aspects: First, on the perspective of the subject of the unsafe behaviors, the unsafe behaviors can be classified into 3 types, the individual fault, the group fault and the organization fault; and 33 types of the unsafe behaviors and 70 main factors in coalmine accidents are summarized, which benefits the pertinence research of the influential factors and defensive measures as to different behaviors. Second, on the perspective of the systematic science, the influential factors and their specific layers, structures and models, of the unsafe behaviors for the coalmine gas accidents, is defined. The individual-group-organization causing system model is established. Third, 8 typical psychological characteristics and 6 key steps of unsafe behaviors during the coalmine gas accidents are concluded by combining the behavioral science, ergonomics and many other theories, and the model of formation mechanism of the unsafe behavior for coalmine gas accident is constructed.
引文
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[7] Wagenaar WA.Slovenians,Hudson P T W.Safety management in intensive care wards.In: Wilpert B,Qvale T U (Eds.). Reliability and Safety in Hazardous Work System. UK,Hove:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Operation,1993,157-169.
[8] Erik H Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method[M].Printed by the Alden Group,Oxford,1998.
[9] Reason J.A systems approach to organizational error[J].Ergonomics,1995,38(8):17-21.
[10] Reason J.Human error[M].UK:Cambridge University Press,1990:302.
[11] Reason J,Dianne Parker,et al.Organizational control and safety:the varieties of rule-based behavior[J].Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,1998,71:28–34.
[12] Carder B.A Survey based System for Safety Measurement and Improvement[J]. Journal of Safety Research ,2003,34(2):157-165.
[13] J .M.Stewart.Managing for World Class Safety[M].A Wiley Interscience Publication,2002:31-32.
[14] Jeffrey S.Hickman ,E.Scott Geller.A Safety Self Management Intervention for Mining Operations[J].Journal of Safety Research,2003,34:299-308.
[15] T. R.Krause ,K.J.Seymour,K. C. M.Sloat.Long Term Evaluation of a Behavior2based Method for Improving Safety Performance:Ameta Analysis of 73 Interrupted Time Series Replications[J].Safety Science,1999,32:1-18:1l (1980).5t hEd.
[16]林泽炎,人为事故预防学[M].黑龙江教育出版社,1998.
[17]何学秋等.安全工程学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.6:27-28,86.
[18]陈宝智等.安全管理[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1999.
[19]林泽炎.煤矿事故中人的失误及其原因分析[J].人类工效学,1996,2(2):17-21.
[20]郑双忠等.复杂社会技术系统人因组织行为安全控制模型[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2001,22(3):288-290.
[21]韩斌君等.我国煤矿安全事故致因研究[J].煤炭工程,2006,(9):65-67.
[22]隋鹏程等.安全原理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[23]董德彪.基于行为因素的煤矿现代安全管理研究[J].煤炭经济研究,2006,(9):69-71.
[24]林泽炎.煤矿事故中人的失误及其原因分析[J].人类工效学,1996,2(2):17-20.
[25]宛礼平.试析煤矿瓦斯事故多发的原因与对策[J].矿业安全与环保,2009,(8):228-230.
[26]陈宝智.危险源辨识控制及评价[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1996.
[27]张力等.人因事故纵深防御系统模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2002,12(1):34-37.
[28]曹庆仁.管理者与员工在不安全行为控制认识上的差异研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2007,(1):22-28.
[29]胡利军等.煤矿安全中关键人因失误因素的识别研究[J].南华大学学报(社会科学版),2007,(6):31-34.
[30]黎锦贤等.煤矿瓦斯风险的综合评价[J].煤矿安全,2006,(3):17-19.
[31]许名标等.煤矿事故致因理论分析与预防对策研究[J].中国矿业,2006,(12):31-34.
[32]毛海峰.企业组织中的安全领导理论研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(3):26-30.
[33]彭澎.组织管理因素对人因事故的作用与影响[J].人类工效学,2001,7(2)53-57.
[34]王翰锋等.基于行为控制的煤矿安全管理对策[J].煤炭科学技术,2008,(4):61-64.
[35]郭勇义等.煤矿重大灾害防治战略研究与进展[M].中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[36]毛建设等.安全生产法规和安全生产管理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[37]陈红等.基于特征源与环境特征的中国煤矿重大事故研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,15(9):33-38.
[38]黄曙东等.核电厂人因事故预防的定量化决策[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(6):46-49.
[39]刘影等.基于行为科学的煤矿安全文化建设模式研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,(8):62-67.
[40]陈红等.中国煤矿重特大事故中的不安全行为研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2005.
[41]陈红等.基于特征源与环境特征的中国煤矿重大事故研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,(9).
[42]傅贵等.基于行为科学的组织安全管理方案模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,(9):21-27.
[43]吴穹,许开立.安全管理学[M].煤炭工业出版社.2002:22-24.
[44]陈红等.煤矿重大事故中管理失误行为影响因素结构模型[J].煤炭学报,2006,(10):689-696
[45]崔兆华.2001—2008年我国煤矿瓦斯事故统计及原因分析[J].科技情报开发与经济,2009,(11):139-140.
[46]张文江等.煤矿重大事故控制研究的现状和方向[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,(3):05-08.
[47]曹庆仁等.煤矿员工的“知-能-行”不安全行为模式研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2007,(12):21-25.
[48]于殿宝.我国煤矿重大特大伤亡事故发生机理与控制对策[J].煤炭经济研究,2002,(3):23-25.
[49]陈婷等.煤矿人因组织错误事故致因研究[J].安全,2008,(3):21-24.
[50]吴玉华.矿井作业人员不安全行为特征规律分析[J].煤矿安全,2009,(12):124-128.
[51]方崇林等.影响煤矿作业人员不安全行为的因素[J].安全,2008,(7):26-27.
[52]林柏泉等.我国煤矿安全现状及应当采取的对策分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,(5):42-46.
[53]王应德等.对煤矿事故中人的不安全行为调查分析[J].中国煤炭工业,2007,(3):49-50.
[54]毕作枝等.煤矿员工不安全心理及其影响因素[J].矿业工程研究,2009,(9):74-78.
[55]张洪潮等.系统论视角下企业文化对企业核心竞争力约束—促进机理研究[J].中国流通经济,2007,(5):54-57
[2] Heinrich.H.Industrial Accident prevention.NewYork:McGraw2Hill(1980).5th Ed.
[3] Reason J.Human error[M]. UK: Cambridge University Press,1990.
[4] Reason J,Dianne Parker,et al.Organizational control and safety:the varieties of rule -based behavior[J].Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,1998,71:28-34.
[5] Peterson D.Safety Management2Our Strength and Weakness[J].Professional Safety,2000(1):16-19.
[6] Wilbert Klumb P.Social dynamics,organization and management:factor contributing to system safety,In:Wilbert B,Qvale T U(Eds),Reliability and safety in Hazardous work system.UK,Hove:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,1993:87-99.
[7] Wagenaar WA.Slovenians,Hudson P T W.Safety management in intensive care wards.In: Wilpert B,Qvale T U (Eds.). Reliability and Safety in Hazardous Work System. UK,Hove:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Operation,1993,157-169.
[8] Erik H Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method[M].Printed by the Alden Group,Oxford,1998.
[9] Reason J.A systems approach to organizational error[J].Ergonomics,1995,38(8):17-21.
[10] Reason J.Human error[M].UK:Cambridge University Press,1990:302.
[11] Reason J,Dianne Parker,et al.Organizational control and safety:the varieties of rule-based behavior[J].Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,1998,71:28–34.
[12] Carder B.A Survey based System for Safety Measurement and Improvement[J]. Journal of Safety Research ,2003,34(2):157-165.
[13] J .M.Stewart.Managing for World Class Safety[M].A Wiley Interscience Publication,2002:31-32.
[14] Jeffrey S.Hickman ,E.Scott Geller.A Safety Self Management Intervention for Mining Operations[J].Journal of Safety Research,2003,34:299-308.
[15] T. R.Krause ,K.J.Seymour,K. C. M.Sloat.Long Term Evaluation of a Behavior2based Method for Improving Safety Performance:Ameta Analysis of 73 Interrupted Time Series Replications[J].Safety Science,1999,32:1-18:1l (1980).5t hEd.
[16]林泽炎,人为事故预防学[M].黑龙江教育出版社,1998.
[17]何学秋等.安全工程学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.6:27-28,86.
[18]陈宝智等.安全管理[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1999.
[19]林泽炎.煤矿事故中人的失误及其原因分析[J].人类工效学,1996,2(2):17-21.
[20]郑双忠等.复杂社会技术系统人因组织行为安全控制模型[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2001,22(3):288-290.
[21]韩斌君等.我国煤矿安全事故致因研究[J].煤炭工程,2006,(9):65-67.
[22]隋鹏程等.安全原理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[23]董德彪.基于行为因素的煤矿现代安全管理研究[J].煤炭经济研究,2006,(9):69-71.
[24]林泽炎.煤矿事故中人的失误及其原因分析[J].人类工效学,1996,2(2):17-20.
[25]宛礼平.试析煤矿瓦斯事故多发的原因与对策[J].矿业安全与环保,2009,(8):228-230.
[26]陈宝智.危险源辨识控制及评价[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1996.
[27]张力等.人因事故纵深防御系统模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2002,12(1):34-37.
[28]曹庆仁.管理者与员工在不安全行为控制认识上的差异研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2007,(1):22-28.
[29]胡利军等.煤矿安全中关键人因失误因素的识别研究[J].南华大学学报(社会科学版),2007,(6):31-34.
[30]黎锦贤等.煤矿瓦斯风险的综合评价[J].煤矿安全,2006,(3):17-19.
[31]许名标等.煤矿事故致因理论分析与预防对策研究[J].中国矿业,2006,(12):31-34.
[32]毛海峰.企业组织中的安全领导理论研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(3):26-30.
[33]彭澎.组织管理因素对人因事故的作用与影响[J].人类工效学,2001,7(2)53-57.
[34]王翰锋等.基于行为控制的煤矿安全管理对策[J].煤炭科学技术,2008,(4):61-64.
[35]郭勇义等.煤矿重大灾害防治战略研究与进展[M].中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[36]毛建设等.安全生产法规和安全生产管理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[37]陈红等.基于特征源与环境特征的中国煤矿重大事故研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,15(9):33-38.
[38]黄曙东等.核电厂人因事故预防的定量化决策[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(6):46-49.
[39]刘影等.基于行为科学的煤矿安全文化建设模式研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,(8):62-67.
[40]陈红等.中国煤矿重特大事故中的不安全行为研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2005.
[41]陈红等.基于特征源与环境特征的中国煤矿重大事故研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,(9).
[42]傅贵等.基于行为科学的组织安全管理方案模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,(9):21-27.
[43]吴穹,许开立.安全管理学[M].煤炭工业出版社.2002:22-24.
[44]陈红等.煤矿重大事故中管理失误行为影响因素结构模型[J].煤炭学报,2006,(10):689-696
[45]崔兆华.2001—2008年我国煤矿瓦斯事故统计及原因分析[J].科技情报开发与经济,2009,(11):139-140.
[46]张文江等.煤矿重大事故控制研究的现状和方向[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,(3):05-08.
[47]曹庆仁等.煤矿员工的“知-能-行”不安全行为模式研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2007,(12):21-25.
[48]于殿宝.我国煤矿重大特大伤亡事故发生机理与控制对策[J].煤炭经济研究,2002,(3):23-25.
[49]陈婷等.煤矿人因组织错误事故致因研究[J].安全,2008,(3):21-24.
[50]吴玉华.矿井作业人员不安全行为特征规律分析[J].煤矿安全,2009,(12):124-128.
[51]方崇林等.影响煤矿作业人员不安全行为的因素[J].安全,2008,(7):26-27.
[52]林柏泉等.我国煤矿安全现状及应当采取的对策分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,(5):42-46.
[53]王应德等.对煤矿事故中人的不安全行为调查分析[J].中国煤炭工业,2007,(3):49-50.
[54]毕作枝等.煤矿员工不安全心理及其影响因素[J].矿业工程研究,2009,(9):74-78.
[55]张洪潮等.系统论视角下企业文化对企业核心竞争力约束—促进机理研究[J].中国流通经济,2007,(5):54-57