水力自动滚筒闸门振动特性的试验研究及数值模拟
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摘要
随着工农业发展，在我国原本水资源短缺的北方地区，水资源供需矛盾更加突出。即便这样，对于现有的水资源，有些却不能得到合理的利用，如多泥沙洪水资源的利用就一直难以实现。本文研究的水力自动滚筒闸门，在泥沙淤积的情况下仍可实现开启自如，有效利用洪水资源。之前的研究工作充分证实了新型水力自动滚筒闸门在泥沙淤积情况下可以自如开启的可行性，目前为将这一构想应用于实践工程，须对滚筒闸体在动水压力作用下的强度、刚度和稳定性等工程问题进行研究。水力自动滚筒闸门开启前的闸体于静水压力作用下的强度、刚度和稳定性比较容易计算。但滚筒闸门在开启后，若要计算作用在其上的动水压力引起的闸体振动特性，尤其是关于振动和稳定性的设计及计算，目前为止尚未见现成的计算方法可供参考。本文在模型试验和数值模拟的基础上，结合理论分析，研究了水力自动滚筒闸门在动水压力作用下的变形及振动分布规律。具体如下：
(1)通过模型试验，研究了在不同筒下开度和上游水深的工况下，圆筒表面各特征点在动水压力作用下的振动加速度、振动幅值及振动频率的变化规律。
(2)采用数值方法模拟研究了水流中水力自动滚筒闸门的动力学特性。通过数值模拟方法将动水压力作用在圆筒表面，进一步确定圆筒闸体表面的应力、应变分布及振动变形变化规律。对横置于水流中滚筒闸体表面振动幅值分布情况与试验结果进行比较研究，据此对水力自动滚筒闸门在今后的设计提供指导。
(3)采用数值模拟方法对浸入水中的圆柱壳体进行模态分析，确定圆柱壳体在水中的振动频率及振型分布情况，为水力自动滚筒闸门在未来的合理设计提供依据。
主要结论如下：
(1)滚筒闸体沿迎水面从圆筒顶部至底部在动水压力作用下振动加速度分布呈先增大后减小再增大的趋势，在圆筒中心线以下振动加速度值最小，在靠近圆筒底部及顶部振动加速度值较大。
(2)筒下开度h一定，圆筒表面振动位移幅值随闸体上游水深H的升高而增大。当闸体上游水深在筒顶附近时，圆筒闸体振动位移值最大，随后随上游水位的继续增高而逐渐减小。
(3)当闸体上游水深H一定，筒下开度h变化，上游水深在筒顶以上时，圆筒闸体振动幅值随筒下开度的增加主要呈现增大的趋势。而当水面线在筒顶以下时圆筒闸体的振动随筒下开度的增大呈减小的趋势。
(4)通过加速度功率谱分析结果确定了圆筒闸体的振动主要表现为低频振动，远离脉动水压的脉动主频f=50Hz，表明筒体结构的模型试验设计是合理的。
(5)通过单向及双向流固耦合的比较分析表明，双向流固耦合结果与实测结果更加接近，符合实际情况。最终确定采用双向流固耦合方法进行数值模拟分析。
(6)在模拟计算结果中可以看出筒体在动水压力作用下的最大位移主要发生在沿水流方向的筒顶位置。同时在底部的铰接点处应力、应变最大，需要在运行中加以注意。
(7)通过模拟计算结果与实验所测定结果的比较，证明了其变化趋势基本吻合，均当圆筒顶部在水面线附近时闸体的振动位移达到最大。
(8)通过数值模拟方法进行了圆柱筒体在水中模态的分析，为最终筒体的合理设计提供依据。
With development of industry and agriculture, water resources contradictionbetween supply and demand is increasingly prominent in the North areas of China, inwhich short of water resources. However it is true that the existing water resources can notbe used reasonably. For example, there are a series of problem in the process of utilizingsediment-laden and high silt concentration flood resources. With study on the new typehydro-automatic roller gate which can be open and close automatically under sedimentdeposition situation, it is possible to utilize such flood resources effectively. A series ofhydraulic-model experiments approved the assumption about new type hydro-automaticroller gate in this paper feasible. Such gate could work automatically under the waterpressure while silting in front of the gate. In order to design the hydro-automatic roller gatecorrectly, it is important to study the strength, stiffness and stability of the hydro-automaticroller gate which is subjected to the hydrodynamic pressure accurately. It is easy to solvethe problems about the strength, stiffness and stability of the hydro-automatic roller gatewhich is under hydrostatic pressure before the gate is opening. However after the gateopening, the related calculation method about the gate under the hydrodynamic pressure isnot available, especially the calculation and design method about vibration anddeformation of Automatic Rolling Gate. In this thesis the distribution Law of deformationand vibration of cylinder gate under the hydrodynamic pressure, which is transverselyplaced in the water flow, are studied with methods of model experiments, numericalstimulation and theory analysis.
Main research contents are as follows:
(1)Through hydraulic-model experiments, variation law of vibration acceleration, vibrationamplitude and vibration frequency under the hydrodynamic pressure for the eachcharacteristic points on the cylinder gate surface are discussed under different upper leveland jaw opening situations.
(2) Mathematical modeling is built on the base of physical model. So the hydrauliccharacteristic of the cylinder gate that is transversely placed in the water flow is analysis by the numerical simulation method. The hydrodynamic pressure are placed on thecylinder gate surface by the numerical simulation method to determinate the distribution ofstress and strain, and variation law of deformation on it. The distribution situation ofvibration amplitude of the cylinder gate that is transversely placed in the water flow isresearched, so that the safety operation of the Hydraulic Automatic Rolling Gate is ensuredin the future.
(3)A modal analysis to the cylindrical shell is carried out by applying numericalstimulation method to fix vibration frequency and distribution mode of vibration of thecylindrical shell immerged under water. It will provide reasonable foundation for theHydraulic Automatic Rolling Gate design in the future.
The main results from hydraulic-model experiments and numerical simulation are asfollows:
(1) The distribution trend of vibration acceleration along the upstream face of theHydraulic Automatic Rolling Gate is increasing first, then reducing, and increasing againfrom top to the bottom of the gate under the hydrodynamic pressure. The value of vibrationacceleration reaches minimum atφ＝135°, below centre line of the cylindrical tank.Whereas the related value atφ＝45°andφ＝180°is comparatively larger
(2) When jaw opening, h under the cylindrical tank is invariable, vibration displacementamplitude on the Rolling Gate is increasing gradually with Upstream depth, H is rising.The value of vibration displacement of the Rolling Gate reaches the maximum whileupstream depth is near the top of the Rolling Gate. But when the upstream water levelkeeps raising, the value will be decreasing.
(3) When upstream depth, H is a constant, whereas jaw opening, h is a variable, and theupstream depth is over the top of cylindrical tank, vibration amplitude of the Rolling Gateshows an enhanced trend with jaw opening, h under the cylindrical tank increasing. Ifwater level is below the top of cylindrical tank, the Rolling Gate vibration presents reducedtrend with jaw opening, h under the cylindrical tank increasing.
(4) Through the analysis result of the acceleration spectrum, it can be manifested thatvibration of the cylindrical tank is the low frequency vibration, which is far from the basicpulsation pressure frequency, about f=50Hz. That illustrates that structure design of thecylindrical tank is safe and reasonable.
(5) Compared analysis result of bidirectional fluid-solid coupling with that ofunidirectional fluid-solid coupling, it is found that the result is tally with the actualsituation more. So analysis method of bidirectional fluid-solid coupling is applied in this thesis.
(6) From the result of the simulation, it is demonstrated that the max displacement of thecylindrical tank is on its top where along the flow direction under the effect ofhydrodynamic pressure. Moreover hinged joint at the bottom of the Rolling Gate should bepaid more attentions, because stress and strain in the hinged joint is max.
(7) It is testified that the change trend basically tallies by the comparison betweensimulation result and experiment result. Vibration displacement of the cylindrical tankreaches maximum on the top of tank near water surface profile.
(8) The related mathematical modeling is set up to analysis modal of the cylindrical tank inthe water. Finally it will provide a solid foundation for reasonable design of the hydraulicautomatic rolling gate.
(1)通过模型试验，研究了在不同筒下开度和上游水深的工况下，圆筒表面各特征点在动水压力作用下的振动加速度、振动幅值及振动频率的变化规律。
(2)采用数值方法模拟研究了水流中水力自动滚筒闸门的动力学特性。通过数值模拟方法将动水压力作用在圆筒表面，进一步确定圆筒闸体表面的应力、应变分布及振动变形变化规律。对横置于水流中滚筒闸体表面振动幅值分布情况与试验结果进行比较研究，据此对水力自动滚筒闸门在今后的设计提供指导。
(3)采用数值模拟方法对浸入水中的圆柱壳体进行模态分析，确定圆柱壳体在水中的振动频率及振型分布情况，为水力自动滚筒闸门在未来的合理设计提供依据。
主要结论如下：
(1)滚筒闸体沿迎水面从圆筒顶部至底部在动水压力作用下振动加速度分布呈先增大后减小再增大的趋势，在圆筒中心线以下振动加速度值最小，在靠近圆筒底部及顶部振动加速度值较大。
(2)筒下开度h一定，圆筒表面振动位移幅值随闸体上游水深H的升高而增大。当闸体上游水深在筒顶附近时，圆筒闸体振动位移值最大，随后随上游水位的继续增高而逐渐减小。
(3)当闸体上游水深H一定，筒下开度h变化，上游水深在筒顶以上时，圆筒闸体振动幅值随筒下开度的增加主要呈现增大的趋势。而当水面线在筒顶以下时圆筒闸体的振动随筒下开度的增大呈减小的趋势。
(4)通过加速度功率谱分析结果确定了圆筒闸体的振动主要表现为低频振动，远离脉动水压的脉动主频f=50Hz，表明筒体结构的模型试验设计是合理的。
(5)通过单向及双向流固耦合的比较分析表明，双向流固耦合结果与实测结果更加接近，符合实际情况。最终确定采用双向流固耦合方法进行数值模拟分析。
(6)在模拟计算结果中可以看出筒体在动水压力作用下的最大位移主要发生在沿水流方向的筒顶位置。同时在底部的铰接点处应力、应变最大，需要在运行中加以注意。
(7)通过模拟计算结果与实验所测定结果的比较，证明了其变化趋势基本吻合，均当圆筒顶部在水面线附近时闸体的振动位移达到最大。
(8)通过数值模拟方法进行了圆柱筒体在水中模态的分析，为最终筒体的合理设计提供依据。
With development of industry and agriculture, water resources contradictionbetween supply and demand is increasingly prominent in the North areas of China, inwhich short of water resources. However it is true that the existing water resources can notbe used reasonably. For example, there are a series of problem in the process of utilizingsediment-laden and high silt concentration flood resources. With study on the new typehydro-automatic roller gate which can be open and close automatically under sedimentdeposition situation, it is possible to utilize such flood resources effectively. A series ofhydraulic-model experiments approved the assumption about new type hydro-automaticroller gate in this paper feasible. Such gate could work automatically under the waterpressure while silting in front of the gate. In order to design the hydro-automatic roller gatecorrectly, it is important to study the strength, stiffness and stability of the hydro-automaticroller gate which is subjected to the hydrodynamic pressure accurately. It is easy to solvethe problems about the strength, stiffness and stability of the hydro-automatic roller gatewhich is under hydrostatic pressure before the gate is opening. However after the gateopening, the related calculation method about the gate under the hydrodynamic pressure isnot available, especially the calculation and design method about vibration anddeformation of Automatic Rolling Gate. In this thesis the distribution Law of deformationand vibration of cylinder gate under the hydrodynamic pressure, which is transverselyplaced in the water flow, are studied with methods of model experiments, numericalstimulation and theory analysis.
Main research contents are as follows:
(1)Through hydraulic-model experiments, variation law of vibration acceleration, vibrationamplitude and vibration frequency under the hydrodynamic pressure for the eachcharacteristic points on the cylinder gate surface are discussed under different upper leveland jaw opening situations.
(2) Mathematical modeling is built on the base of physical model. So the hydrauliccharacteristic of the cylinder gate that is transversely placed in the water flow is analysis by the numerical simulation method. The hydrodynamic pressure are placed on thecylinder gate surface by the numerical simulation method to determinate the distribution ofstress and strain, and variation law of deformation on it. The distribution situation ofvibration amplitude of the cylinder gate that is transversely placed in the water flow isresearched, so that the safety operation of the Hydraulic Automatic Rolling Gate is ensuredin the future.
(3)A modal analysis to the cylindrical shell is carried out by applying numericalstimulation method to fix vibration frequency and distribution mode of vibration of thecylindrical shell immerged under water. It will provide reasonable foundation for theHydraulic Automatic Rolling Gate design in the future.
The main results from hydraulic-model experiments and numerical simulation are asfollows:
(1) The distribution trend of vibration acceleration along the upstream face of theHydraulic Automatic Rolling Gate is increasing first, then reducing, and increasing againfrom top to the bottom of the gate under the hydrodynamic pressure. The value of vibrationacceleration reaches minimum atφ＝135°, below centre line of the cylindrical tank.Whereas the related value atφ＝45°andφ＝180°is comparatively larger
(2) When jaw opening, h under the cylindrical tank is invariable, vibration displacementamplitude on the Rolling Gate is increasing gradually with Upstream depth, H is rising.The value of vibration displacement of the Rolling Gate reaches the maximum whileupstream depth is near the top of the Rolling Gate. But when the upstream water levelkeeps raising, the value will be decreasing.
(3) When upstream depth, H is a constant, whereas jaw opening, h is a variable, and theupstream depth is over the top of cylindrical tank, vibration amplitude of the Rolling Gateshows an enhanced trend with jaw opening, h under the cylindrical tank increasing. Ifwater level is below the top of cylindrical tank, the Rolling Gate vibration presents reducedtrend with jaw opening, h under the cylindrical tank increasing.
(4) Through the analysis result of the acceleration spectrum, it can be manifested thatvibration of the cylindrical tank is the low frequency vibration, which is far from the basicpulsation pressure frequency, about f=50Hz. That illustrates that structure design of thecylindrical tank is safe and reasonable.
(5) Compared analysis result of bidirectional fluid-solid coupling with that ofunidirectional fluid-solid coupling, it is found that the result is tally with the actualsituation more. So analysis method of bidirectional fluid-solid coupling is applied in this thesis.
(6) From the result of the simulation, it is demonstrated that the max displacement of thecylindrical tank is on its top where along the flow direction under the effect ofhydrodynamic pressure. Moreover hinged joint at the bottom of the Rolling Gate should bepaid more attentions, because stress and strain in the hinged joint is max.
(7) It is testified that the change trend basically tallies by the comparison betweensimulation result and experiment result. Vibration displacement of the cylindrical tankreaches maximum on the top of tank near water surface profile.
(8) The related mathematical modeling is set up to analysis modal of the cylindrical tank inthe water. Finally it will provide a solid foundation for reasonable design of the hydraulicautomatic rolling gate.
引文
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