基于变速及曲线车轨耦合频域解析模型的地铁减振轨道动力特性研究
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摘要
摘要：城市轨道交通正处在一个高速发展期,快速发展的轨道交通网在方便市民出行的同时,也引发了相应的环境问题。地铁列车运行所产生的振动及噪声问题,使部分居民反应较为强烈,一些精密仪器使用单位及古建保护单位也提出了严苛的要求。另外,地铁曲线段及部分直线减振段钢轨波磨造成了日趋严重的噪声扰民问题,严重的波磨甚至导致车辆及轨道部件损坏,危及行车安全。
地铁振动是一个复杂的系统问题,涉及列车、轨道结构、线路情况和行车速度等诸多因素。深入开展轨道结构动力特性和车轨耦合振动机理分析,是研究和缓解城市轨道交通振动和噪声问题的基础。目前大量的现场测试和调研显示,地铁进出站的振动问题以及曲线段钢轨波磨问题日趋严重,而以往针对列车变速及曲线车轨耦合振动问题的研究相对较少。
本文在国家自然科学基金项目“地下列车运行引起的环境振动预测模型研究(No.51008017)”、北京交通大学优秀博士生创新基金项目“基于解析的变速车轨耦合动力模型研究(No.141067522)”和“基于解析的曲线车轨耦合动力模型研究(No.2011YJS261)'’的支持下,在已完成的轨道结构周期性频域解析模型基础上结合地铁在线锤击试验和现场振源测试,对地铁减振轨道动力特性进行了深入研究。从理论的角度建立了基于频域解析的变速及曲线车轨耦合模型,进而对影响减振轨道动力特性的因素进行了参数分析,并取得了以下主要研究成果：
(1)基于轨道结构周期性频域解析模型,结合北京地铁在线锤击试验,通过计算轨道结构在单位脉冲荷载下的频响函数,对轨道结构动力响应主频进行分析；并通过改变轨道结构参数,分别研究了轨道扣件刚度、阻尼和轨道支撑间距等对减振轨道动力特性的影响情况。
(2)结合北京地铁现场振源测试,对不同减振轨道(Ⅲ型轨道减振器扣件、Vanguard先锋扣件、钢弹簧浮置板轨道、Ⅳ型轨道减振器扣件和梯形轨道)振动源强的差别和特点进行对比,分析了不同减振轨道的在线减振效果,并发现减振器扣件轨道在300-400Hz附近的轮轨共振是钢轨波磨产生的诱因。
(3)首次在频域内推导了变速移动荷载作用下轨道动力响应解析解,以及移动荷载作用下曲线轨道动力响应解析解。进而加入整车模型,从理论的角度建立了基于频域解析的变速及曲线车轨耦合模型系统,该系统考虑了整车模型、离散支撑轨道模型、轨道不平顺和轮轨接触等因素。整个求解过程在波数-频率域内完成,各物理量均用矩阵和向量表示,该模型可以较好的分析轮轨间包括高频在内任意频率带宽的相互作用。
(4)编制了完善的变速及曲线车轨耦合频域解析模型计算程序,通过计算结果与实测结果的对比,验证了计算程序的正确性。进而对影响减振轨道动力特性的轨下扣件刚度、列车加速度、列车初速度和曲线轨道半径等参数进行分析,给出各参数对轨道减振及钢轨波磨影响的理论性结论。
ABSTRACT:Along with the public convenience resulting from fast growth of the urban rail transit network, the metro-induced vibration and noise is more and more seriously concerned, as most of the metro lines pass under through densely inhabited district, adjacent buildings with sensitive instrumentations, and historic structures. Besides, the rail corrugation has been observed not only in curves, but also in some straight lines with vibration mitigation fasteners. Rail corrugation causes noise nuisance, and severe corrugation leads to damage to vehicle and track structure, even endangers metro operation.
The metro-induced vibration can be seen as an integrated system, involving vehicle, track structure, track routes and vehicle speeds etc. The in-depth study on the dynamic characteristics of the track structure and the vibration mechanism of coupled vehicle&track is the foundation of the research on the metro-induced vibration and noise issues. A lot of field tests and research indicate that:the excessive vibration in variable-speed section and the rail corrugation in curved section are becoming more and more serious. However, few studies have been carried out on the dynamic behavior of the track structure under moving train with variable speeds and the curved track subjected to moving train.
This Ph.D thesis is supported by the project of Natural Science Foundation of China named Research on the Prediction Models for Environmental Vibration Induced by Running Metro Trains (No.51008017), and Innovation Fund for Outstanding Ph.D students of Beijing Jiao tong University named Study on Analytical Model of Coupled Vehicle&Track with Variable Speeds (No.141067522) and Study on Analytical Model of Coupled Vehicle&Curved Track (No.2011YJS261). Based on the frequency-domain periodic analytical model of the track structure, the dynamic behavior of the vibration mitigation tracks were studied, combining with in situ hammer excitation tests and in situ vibration source tests carried out in Beijing Metro. And the frequency-domain analytical models of coupled vehicle&track in variable-speed and curved sections were firstly established, to study the influence of different parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the vibration mitigation track. The main conclusions include:
(1) Based on the frequency-domain periodic analytical model of the track structure and in situ hammer excitation tests, the frequency response function of the track structure under unit impulse was calculated to analysis the dynamic behavior of track structure. The analytical study was also carried out to compare the dynamic behavior of vibration mitigation track with different parameters, including stiffness, damping of fasteners and support spacing, etc.
(2) With in situ vibration source tests in Beijing Metro, the dynamic characteristics and vibration mitigation effects of different vibration mitigation tracks (Ⅲ-type vibration mitigation fastener, Vanguard fastener, Steel spring floating slab track, IV-type vibration mitigation fastener and Ladder track) were obtained. And it was also found that the rail/wheel resonance phenomenon around300-400Hz was the main generating cause for the rail corrugation initiation in the straight track with vibration mitigation fasteners.
(3) The vibration responses of the track subjected to moving loads with variable speeds and the vibration responses of the curved track subjected to moving loads were determined analytically in the frequency domain. By adding the vehicle model, the frequency-domain analytical models of coupled vehicle&track in variable-speed and curved sections were established. The factors of a whole vehicle model, discrete supported track structure, track irregularity and wheel-rail Hertz contact were all taken into account. The whole solving process was based on analytical derivation and every physical quantity was represented by matrixes and vectors. The process was finished in the wave number-frequency domain, which provides great convenience for analyzing high-frequency dynamic interaction of vehicle and track.
(4) A complete calculation program was established. Compared with in situ tests results, the calculated program was proved to be correct. Thereby, the calculation program can be used to study the problem of dynamic interaction of vehicle and track. Furthermore, the influence of different parameters (fastener stiffness, train acceleration, train initial speed and track radius) on the dynamic characteristics of the vibration mitigation track has also been presented here, providing theoretical support for the vibration mitigation and corrugation control in urban rail transit.
地铁振动是一个复杂的系统问题,涉及列车、轨道结构、线路情况和行车速度等诸多因素。深入开展轨道结构动力特性和车轨耦合振动机理分析,是研究和缓解城市轨道交通振动和噪声问题的基础。目前大量的现场测试和调研显示,地铁进出站的振动问题以及曲线段钢轨波磨问题日趋严重,而以往针对列车变速及曲线车轨耦合振动问题的研究相对较少。
本文在国家自然科学基金项目“地下列车运行引起的环境振动预测模型研究(No.51008017)”、北京交通大学优秀博士生创新基金项目“基于解析的变速车轨耦合动力模型研究(No.141067522)”和“基于解析的曲线车轨耦合动力模型研究(No.2011YJS261)'’的支持下,在已完成的轨道结构周期性频域解析模型基础上结合地铁在线锤击试验和现场振源测试,对地铁减振轨道动力特性进行了深入研究。从理论的角度建立了基于频域解析的变速及曲线车轨耦合模型,进而对影响减振轨道动力特性的因素进行了参数分析,并取得了以下主要研究成果：
(1)基于轨道结构周期性频域解析模型,结合北京地铁在线锤击试验,通过计算轨道结构在单位脉冲荷载下的频响函数,对轨道结构动力响应主频进行分析；并通过改变轨道结构参数,分别研究了轨道扣件刚度、阻尼和轨道支撑间距等对减振轨道动力特性的影响情况。
(2)结合北京地铁现场振源测试,对不同减振轨道(Ⅲ型轨道减振器扣件、Vanguard先锋扣件、钢弹簧浮置板轨道、Ⅳ型轨道减振器扣件和梯形轨道)振动源强的差别和特点进行对比,分析了不同减振轨道的在线减振效果,并发现减振器扣件轨道在300-400Hz附近的轮轨共振是钢轨波磨产生的诱因。
(3)首次在频域内推导了变速移动荷载作用下轨道动力响应解析解,以及移动荷载作用下曲线轨道动力响应解析解。进而加入整车模型,从理论的角度建立了基于频域解析的变速及曲线车轨耦合模型系统,该系统考虑了整车模型、离散支撑轨道模型、轨道不平顺和轮轨接触等因素。整个求解过程在波数-频率域内完成,各物理量均用矩阵和向量表示,该模型可以较好的分析轮轨间包括高频在内任意频率带宽的相互作用。
(4)编制了完善的变速及曲线车轨耦合频域解析模型计算程序,通过计算结果与实测结果的对比,验证了计算程序的正确性。进而对影响减振轨道动力特性的轨下扣件刚度、列车加速度、列车初速度和曲线轨道半径等参数进行分析,给出各参数对轨道减振及钢轨波磨影响的理论性结论。
ABSTRACT:Along with the public convenience resulting from fast growth of the urban rail transit network, the metro-induced vibration and noise is more and more seriously concerned, as most of the metro lines pass under through densely inhabited district, adjacent buildings with sensitive instrumentations, and historic structures. Besides, the rail corrugation has been observed not only in curves, but also in some straight lines with vibration mitigation fasteners. Rail corrugation causes noise nuisance, and severe corrugation leads to damage to vehicle and track structure, even endangers metro operation.
The metro-induced vibration can be seen as an integrated system, involving vehicle, track structure, track routes and vehicle speeds etc. The in-depth study on the dynamic characteristics of the track structure and the vibration mechanism of coupled vehicle&track is the foundation of the research on the metro-induced vibration and noise issues. A lot of field tests and research indicate that:the excessive vibration in variable-speed section and the rail corrugation in curved section are becoming more and more serious. However, few studies have been carried out on the dynamic behavior of the track structure under moving train with variable speeds and the curved track subjected to moving train.
This Ph.D thesis is supported by the project of Natural Science Foundation of China named Research on the Prediction Models for Environmental Vibration Induced by Running Metro Trains (No.51008017), and Innovation Fund for Outstanding Ph.D students of Beijing Jiao tong University named Study on Analytical Model of Coupled Vehicle&Track with Variable Speeds (No.141067522) and Study on Analytical Model of Coupled Vehicle&Curved Track (No.2011YJS261). Based on the frequency-domain periodic analytical model of the track structure, the dynamic behavior of the vibration mitigation tracks were studied, combining with in situ hammer excitation tests and in situ vibration source tests carried out in Beijing Metro. And the frequency-domain analytical models of coupled vehicle&track in variable-speed and curved sections were firstly established, to study the influence of different parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the vibration mitigation track. The main conclusions include:
(1) Based on the frequency-domain periodic analytical model of the track structure and in situ hammer excitation tests, the frequency response function of the track structure under unit impulse was calculated to analysis the dynamic behavior of track structure. The analytical study was also carried out to compare the dynamic behavior of vibration mitigation track with different parameters, including stiffness, damping of fasteners and support spacing, etc.
(2) With in situ vibration source tests in Beijing Metro, the dynamic characteristics and vibration mitigation effects of different vibration mitigation tracks (Ⅲ-type vibration mitigation fastener, Vanguard fastener, Steel spring floating slab track, IV-type vibration mitigation fastener and Ladder track) were obtained. And it was also found that the rail/wheel resonance phenomenon around300-400Hz was the main generating cause for the rail corrugation initiation in the straight track with vibration mitigation fasteners.
(3) The vibration responses of the track subjected to moving loads with variable speeds and the vibration responses of the curved track subjected to moving loads were determined analytically in the frequency domain. By adding the vehicle model, the frequency-domain analytical models of coupled vehicle&track in variable-speed and curved sections were established. The factors of a whole vehicle model, discrete supported track structure, track irregularity and wheel-rail Hertz contact were all taken into account. The whole solving process was based on analytical derivation and every physical quantity was represented by matrixes and vectors. The process was finished in the wave number-frequency domain, which provides great convenience for analyzing high-frequency dynamic interaction of vehicle and track.
(4) A complete calculation program was established. Compared with in situ tests results, the calculated program was proved to be correct. Thereby, the calculation program can be used to study the problem of dynamic interaction of vehicle and track. Furthermore, the influence of different parameters (fastener stiffness, train acceleration, train initial speed and track radius) on the dynamic characteristics of the vibration mitigation track has also been presented here, providing theoretical support for the vibration mitigation and corrugation control in urban rail transit.
引文
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