基于耦合自供电无线传感的数控机床主轴热监测方法及关键技术研究
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摘要
本论文针对数控机床主轴热监测技术存在的问题.开展基于耦合自供电无线传感的数控机床主轴热监测新方法和关键技术研究,旨在为主轴热监测提供新的思路和方法,推动我国数控机床精密主轴监测技术的进步和发展。
论文中首先综述了数控机床主轴热监测的研究现状,分析了传统有线传感器监测的局限性,即有线传感器在旋转机构上的配置及其存在的问题。为此,提出了基于耦合自供电无线传感监测的新思路和方法,重点研究数控机床实际工况条件下的无线传感器最优配置和热监测过程中传感器能量自捕获的关键技术。
针对数控机床主轴实际工况条件下的无线传感器配置问题,提出了工况约束条件下的无线传感器测温点优化配置策略研究,引入信息论中的互信息量来描述并计算测点温度与主轴热变形的相关性；同时通过图的连通性分析寻找无线传感器间的通信路径,在此基础上采用人工鱼群算法求解可选测点组合的优化解。
针对主轴热监测过程中的温度传感器能量获取问题,开展了3方面的研究：首先,为了能够获得在主轴工作情况下热电耦合能量采集的特点,采用热网络理论对主轴热-电转换能量输出特性进行研究,对热发电构件与主轴联合建模并给出仿真分析结果,并且设计了相应的实验平台对仿真结构进行实验验证。其次,为了进一步提高能量采集的效率,对无线传感器的热发电构件进行优化研究。采用有限元分析,对散热效果和散热片结构进行研究；针对导热片,采用无网格的方法,对其热结构进行分析研究。在此基础上,提出了散热片和导热片结构设计准则,并且采用实验的方式验证了准则的有效性。最后,对耦合自供电无线传感系统进行研究,得到系统的最优电路拓扑结构以及最优的控制方法。
开展了实验研究,验证理论分析与技术方法的正确性和可行性。在实验中,设计了热发电自供能无线传感器的数控机床主轴热监测系统实验平台,进行主轴热监测以及热变形预测实验,通过测温点建立主轴热变形,验证了基于耦合自供电无线传感的数控机床主轴热监测方法和技术的有效性和优越性。
This paper, which focuses on the problems of the existing spindle thermal characteristics monitoring technology, presents the methods and key techniques of monitoring thermal characteristics of a NC machine tool spindle based on coupling self-powered wireless sensoring. This research aims at finding solutions of the spindle intelligent thermal monitoring application.
Firstly, paper discusses the research status of thermal characteristics of machine tool spindle. The limitation of the normal methods of the spindle thermal characteristics monitoring in the researches is analyzed. According to the above, the new method of monitoring thermal characteristics of a NC machine tool spindle based on coupling self-powered wireless sensing is proposed, and the important parts of this research are wireless sensors of the optimal installation under the actual working conditions of NC machine tool and the key techniques of wireless temperature sensors'energy harvesting in the progress of monitoring thermal characteristics.
When dealing with the problem of the communication reliability between wireless sensors, this paper proposes the research on the constraint-based wireless sensor placement on spindles for thermal performance monitoring. In the research. the mutual information in information theory are introduced to describe and calculate the temperature measuring point and the correlation of the spindle thermal deformation; At the same time, the connectivity diagram is used to analyze the wireless communication path between sensors, and the artificial fish algorithm is used to choose the optimal points.
When dealing with the problem of the energy havesting of wireless temperature sensors, there three parts of researches are carried out in this paper:the first, in order to know thermoelectric coupling energy collection characteristics in the working time of the spindle, the thermal network theory is adopted to analyze the output power characteristics of the heat-electricity conversion. The model of the thermal power generation components and spindle is given, and the special designing of the corresponding experiment platform is used to verify the simulation result. The second, in order to further improve the efficiency of energy harvesting, the optimal structure of the thermal power generation components are studied. Finite element method is used to analyze the heat effect and structure of the heat sink. The meshless method is used to analyze the thermal structure of the heat-conducting plate. The design criterions of the heat sink and the heat-conducting plate is proposed, and the experiments verify the validity of this criterions. The third, the system based on coupling self-powered wireless sensing is studied, and the optimal circuit topology and the optimal control method is given.
Finally, experiments are used to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and feasibility. A NC machine tool spindle thermal monitoring experiment system platform, which is based on coupling self-powered wireless sensoring is designed, and the spindle temperature is monitored and the thermal deformation is predicted in the experiment. The spindle thermal deformation model is established through the thermal deformation and the temperature of the spindle and it is proved the effectiveness and superiority of the methods and key techniques of monitoring thermal characteristics of a NC nachine tool spindle based on coupling self-powered wireless sensoring.
论文中首先综述了数控机床主轴热监测的研究现状,分析了传统有线传感器监测的局限性,即有线传感器在旋转机构上的配置及其存在的问题。为此,提出了基于耦合自供电无线传感监测的新思路和方法,重点研究数控机床实际工况条件下的无线传感器最优配置和热监测过程中传感器能量自捕获的关键技术。
针对数控机床主轴实际工况条件下的无线传感器配置问题,提出了工况约束条件下的无线传感器测温点优化配置策略研究,引入信息论中的互信息量来描述并计算测点温度与主轴热变形的相关性；同时通过图的连通性分析寻找无线传感器间的通信路径,在此基础上采用人工鱼群算法求解可选测点组合的优化解。
针对主轴热监测过程中的温度传感器能量获取问题,开展了3方面的研究：首先,为了能够获得在主轴工作情况下热电耦合能量采集的特点,采用热网络理论对主轴热-电转换能量输出特性进行研究,对热发电构件与主轴联合建模并给出仿真分析结果,并且设计了相应的实验平台对仿真结构进行实验验证。其次,为了进一步提高能量采集的效率,对无线传感器的热发电构件进行优化研究。采用有限元分析,对散热效果和散热片结构进行研究；针对导热片,采用无网格的方法,对其热结构进行分析研究。在此基础上,提出了散热片和导热片结构设计准则,并且采用实验的方式验证了准则的有效性。最后,对耦合自供电无线传感系统进行研究,得到系统的最优电路拓扑结构以及最优的控制方法。
开展了实验研究,验证理论分析与技术方法的正确性和可行性。在实验中,设计了热发电自供能无线传感器的数控机床主轴热监测系统实验平台,进行主轴热监测以及热变形预测实验,通过测温点建立主轴热变形,验证了基于耦合自供电无线传感的数控机床主轴热监测方法和技术的有效性和优越性。
This paper, which focuses on the problems of the existing spindle thermal characteristics monitoring technology, presents the methods and key techniques of monitoring thermal characteristics of a NC machine tool spindle based on coupling self-powered wireless sensoring. This research aims at finding solutions of the spindle intelligent thermal monitoring application.
Firstly, paper discusses the research status of thermal characteristics of machine tool spindle. The limitation of the normal methods of the spindle thermal characteristics monitoring in the researches is analyzed. According to the above, the new method of monitoring thermal characteristics of a NC machine tool spindle based on coupling self-powered wireless sensing is proposed, and the important parts of this research are wireless sensors of the optimal installation under the actual working conditions of NC machine tool and the key techniques of wireless temperature sensors'energy harvesting in the progress of monitoring thermal characteristics.
When dealing with the problem of the communication reliability between wireless sensors, this paper proposes the research on the constraint-based wireless sensor placement on spindles for thermal performance monitoring. In the research. the mutual information in information theory are introduced to describe and calculate the temperature measuring point and the correlation of the spindle thermal deformation; At the same time, the connectivity diagram is used to analyze the wireless communication path between sensors, and the artificial fish algorithm is used to choose the optimal points.
When dealing with the problem of the energy havesting of wireless temperature sensors, there three parts of researches are carried out in this paper:the first, in order to know thermoelectric coupling energy collection characteristics in the working time of the spindle, the thermal network theory is adopted to analyze the output power characteristics of the heat-electricity conversion. The model of the thermal power generation components and spindle is given, and the special designing of the corresponding experiment platform is used to verify the simulation result. The second, in order to further improve the efficiency of energy harvesting, the optimal structure of the thermal power generation components are studied. Finite element method is used to analyze the heat effect and structure of the heat sink. The meshless method is used to analyze the thermal structure of the heat-conducting plate. The design criterions of the heat sink and the heat-conducting plate is proposed, and the experiments verify the validity of this criterions. The third, the system based on coupling self-powered wireless sensing is studied, and the optimal circuit topology and the optimal control method is given.
Finally, experiments are used to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and feasibility. A NC machine tool spindle thermal monitoring experiment system platform, which is based on coupling self-powered wireless sensoring is designed, and the spindle temperature is monitored and the thermal deformation is predicted in the experiment. The spindle thermal deformation model is established through the thermal deformation and the temperature of the spindle and it is proved the effectiveness and superiority of the methods and key techniques of monitoring thermal characteristics of a NC nachine tool spindle based on coupling self-powered wireless sensoring.
引文
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