对抗条件下实战要素对雷达影响效应建模研究
|
摘要
体系对抗已成为信息化战争的基本作战形态,体系对抗仿真也已成为武器系统论证和作战效能评估的有效手段。因此,如何准确分析与评估体系对抗中诸多实战要素对雷达系统性能的影响,对实战要素和雷达系统的技战术运用以及设计、优化有着重要的意义;另一方面,随着仿真规模越来越大,仿真实体的运行效率已成为体系对抗仿真的突出问题。本文将元建模的思想引入雷达建模和仿真领域,研究了基于元建模技术的实战要素效应建模的关键技术和实现方法,建立了一系列的建模框架和方法流程,并给出了效应建模实例;同时,对体系对抗仿真条件下,基于效应元模型来提高雷达仿真系统运行效率的方法进行了一些探索研究。
首先,分析了基于仿真数据实现实战要素效应建模的可行性。通过分析建模与仿真理论、实战要素效应建模和雷达系统建模仿真技术的研究现状,明确了基于仿真数据的实战要素效应建模研究的需求和意义;在系统分析实战要素作用效应相关概念的基础上,论述了基于仿真数据进行效应建模的可行性和具有的优势。
其次,研究了基于元建模技术的效应建模方法。分析了元建模技术的基本理论、重要特征和关键技术,论述了其在效应建模中重要作用;针对典型体系对抗过程,提出了以建构-解构-拟合-聚合为核心的效应建模框架,并研究了其中雷达系统物理源模型建构和效应元模型拟合的具体实现方法,分析了效应元模型的聚合方式;在分析现有仿真方法仿真粒度问题的基础上,探索研究了雷达效应建模与仿真方法在高层次体系对抗仿真中的应用。
然后,进一步研究了体系对抗中实战要素对雷达系统影响效应的敏感性分析方法。分析了实战要素敏感性分析的概念、作用和基本方法,研究了基于正交设计和基于效应元模型的两种实战要素敏感性分析方法,给出了它们的具体实现方法,并进行了对比分析。
最后,实现了实战要素效应建模和敏感性分析的应用实例。给出了具体实战要素效应分析、建模过程和建模结果,在此基础上,对所建模型进行了有效性评估;给出了实战要素敏感性分析实例,得出了一些有价值的分析结果。
论文提出的基于仿真数据实现效应建模的方法,可以有效增强实战要素效应建模的可信度和通用性,降低了效应建模的难度,为效应建模提供了另一种思路。基于效应元模型的雷达仿真方法,对体系对抗仿真中雷达仿真系统运行效率的提高,进行了有益的探索。
With the system-of-systems combat has become the basic form of information warfare, system-of-systems(SoS) combat simulation has been an effective approach for operational effecttiveness evaluation and demonstration of weapons systems. Therefore, the analysis and evaluation the effects of Factors for Radar system has all-important significance to them demonstration and tactical usage. In addition, with the scale continued to expanded, the efficiency has become a key problem in complex simulation. The paper brought the ideal of metamodeling into the radar modeling and simulation region. The key technologies and the implement methods for the effects modeling of factors based on the motivated metamodeling were studied, some framework and procedure were established and some examples was introduced. On the side, the method of radar simulation based on effects metamodel was discussed, which can effectively improve the efficiency of the system in SoS combat simulation.
Firstly, the feasibility for the effects modeling of warfare factors based on the simulation data was analyzed. By general analyzing the research actualities of the modeling and simulation methodology, effects modeling method and the radar simulation technology, the requirement and the meaning of the research on effects modeling based on simulation data were confirmed. And the feasibility and advantage of effects modeling based on the simulation data was discussed by analyzing the correlative concepts and basic characteristics of them.
Secondly, the effects modeling methodlogy based on the metamodeling technology was researched. The basic theories, characteristics and key technologies was studied and the importance of them for effects modeling was disscused. According to the characteristics of the SoS combat simulation, the framework was proposed, which includes four kernel activities of construction, de construction, fit and aggregation. The implement method of construction of radar physics models and fit of effects metamodel were researched, the aggregation method of effects metamodel was analyzed. Aside, the granularity in SoS combat simulation was disscused and the application of effects modeling for high level SoS combat simulation.
Then, the sensitivity analysis method of warfare factors for radar was further researched. The correlative concepts, function and basic method was analyzed. Two sensitivity analysis mthodology was proposed, which based on orthogonal design and effects metamodel. The implement methods and contrastable analysis of them were discused.
Finally, the practical application of effects modeling and sensitivity analysis were designed and actualized. The process of effects analysis and modeling was introduced, the results of effects modeling were given out. On this basis, the efficiency evaluation for effect models was discussed. In addition, a example of sensitivity analysis method of warfare factors for radar was given out, and some useful analysis results were summarized.
The effects modeling approach of warfare factors for radar system based on simulation data proposed by the paper can enhance the reliability and adaptability of the modeling, and reduce the difficulty of effects modeling, and also provided an new idea for the research on effects modeling. The simulation method of radar based on effects metamodel was significative explore which in order to improve the efficiency of SoS combat simulation.
首先,分析了基于仿真数据实现实战要素效应建模的可行性。通过分析建模与仿真理论、实战要素效应建模和雷达系统建模仿真技术的研究现状,明确了基于仿真数据的实战要素效应建模研究的需求和意义;在系统分析实战要素作用效应相关概念的基础上,论述了基于仿真数据进行效应建模的可行性和具有的优势。
其次,研究了基于元建模技术的效应建模方法。分析了元建模技术的基本理论、重要特征和关键技术,论述了其在效应建模中重要作用;针对典型体系对抗过程,提出了以建构-解构-拟合-聚合为核心的效应建模框架,并研究了其中雷达系统物理源模型建构和效应元模型拟合的具体实现方法,分析了效应元模型的聚合方式;在分析现有仿真方法仿真粒度问题的基础上,探索研究了雷达效应建模与仿真方法在高层次体系对抗仿真中的应用。
然后,进一步研究了体系对抗中实战要素对雷达系统影响效应的敏感性分析方法。分析了实战要素敏感性分析的概念、作用和基本方法,研究了基于正交设计和基于效应元模型的两种实战要素敏感性分析方法,给出了它们的具体实现方法,并进行了对比分析。
最后,实现了实战要素效应建模和敏感性分析的应用实例。给出了具体实战要素效应分析、建模过程和建模结果,在此基础上,对所建模型进行了有效性评估;给出了实战要素敏感性分析实例,得出了一些有价值的分析结果。
论文提出的基于仿真数据实现效应建模的方法,可以有效增强实战要素效应建模的可信度和通用性,降低了效应建模的难度,为效应建模提供了另一种思路。基于效应元模型的雷达仿真方法,对体系对抗仿真中雷达仿真系统运行效率的提高,进行了有益的探索。
With the system-of-systems combat has become the basic form of information warfare, system-of-systems(SoS) combat simulation has been an effective approach for operational effecttiveness evaluation and demonstration of weapons systems. Therefore, the analysis and evaluation the effects of Factors for Radar system has all-important significance to them demonstration and tactical usage. In addition, with the scale continued to expanded, the efficiency has become a key problem in complex simulation. The paper brought the ideal of metamodeling into the radar modeling and simulation region. The key technologies and the implement methods for the effects modeling of factors based on the motivated metamodeling were studied, some framework and procedure were established and some examples was introduced. On the side, the method of radar simulation based on effects metamodel was discussed, which can effectively improve the efficiency of the system in SoS combat simulation.
Firstly, the feasibility for the effects modeling of warfare factors based on the simulation data was analyzed. By general analyzing the research actualities of the modeling and simulation methodology, effects modeling method and the radar simulation technology, the requirement and the meaning of the research on effects modeling based on simulation data were confirmed. And the feasibility and advantage of effects modeling based on the simulation data was discussed by analyzing the correlative concepts and basic characteristics of them.
Secondly, the effects modeling methodlogy based on the metamodeling technology was researched. The basic theories, characteristics and key technologies was studied and the importance of them for effects modeling was disscused. According to the characteristics of the SoS combat simulation, the framework was proposed, which includes four kernel activities of construction, de construction, fit and aggregation. The implement method of construction of radar physics models and fit of effects metamodel were researched, the aggregation method of effects metamodel was analyzed. Aside, the granularity in SoS combat simulation was disscused and the application of effects modeling for high level SoS combat simulation.
Then, the sensitivity analysis method of warfare factors for radar was further researched. The correlative concepts, function and basic method was analyzed. Two sensitivity analysis mthodology was proposed, which based on orthogonal design and effects metamodel. The implement methods and contrastable analysis of them were discused.
Finally, the practical application of effects modeling and sensitivity analysis were designed and actualized. The process of effects analysis and modeling was introduced, the results of effects modeling were given out. On this basis, the efficiency evaluation for effect models was discussed. In addition, a example of sensitivity analysis method of warfare factors for radar was given out, and some useful analysis results were summarized.
The effects modeling approach of warfare factors for radar system based on simulation data proposed by the paper can enhance the reliability and adaptability of the modeling, and reduce the difficulty of effects modeling, and also provided an new idea for the research on effects modeling. The simulation method of radar based on effects metamodel was significative explore which in order to improve the efficiency of SoS combat simulation.
引文
[1]金伟新,肖田元.基于复杂系统理论的信息化战争体系对抗仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2010,22(10):2435-2445.
[2]张国春,胡晓峰.体系对抗仿真中体系效能分析初探[J].系统仿真学报,2003,15(12):1698-1701.
[3]王雪松,肖顺平,冯德军,等.现代雷达电子战系统建模与仿真[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2010.
[4]王国玉,肖顺平,汪连栋.电子系统建模仿真与评估[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1996.
[5]刘兴堂,梁炳成,何力,等.复杂系统建模理论、方法与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[6]李建平,吴红,王维平,等.雷达系统发现与跟踪目标仿真元模型方法[J].系统仿真学报,2007,19(3):639-643.
[7]李建平.仿真元建模中的拟合方法及其应用研究[D].国防科技大学,2007.
[8]李伯虎,柴旭东,朱文海等.现代建模与仿真技术发展的几个焦点[J].系统仿真学报,2004,16(9):1871-1878.
[9]张斌,胡晓峰,张昱,等.基于效能评估的复杂电磁环境探索性仿真方法[J].系统仿真学报,2009,21(24):7715-7718.
[10]张伟.基于支持向量机的主动元建模方法研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2010.
[11]周少平,李群,王维平.支持探索性分析的主动元建模[J].系统仿真学报,2007,19(2):237—243.
[12]杨峰,李群,王维平,等.体系对抗仿真跨层次建模方法论[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(2):270—274.
[13]华玉光,徐浩军,刘凌.航空装备对地突击效能评估主动元模型研究[J].系统仿真学报.2007,19 (21):4860–4863.
[14]张文琴.反向建模方法的一般规律及其应用[D].北京:华北电力大学,2009.
[15] Shan N et al.GRG:Knowledge Discovery Using Information Generalization,Information Reduction,and Rule Generation.Proc.of 7th International Conf.on Tools with Artificial Intelligence.Washington D C,USA.1995:372-379.
[16]张继瑞.反向建模方法在循环流化床床温参数建模中的应用[D].北京:华北电力大学,2011.
[17]穆雪峰,姚卫星,余雄庆,等.多学科设计优化中常用代理模型的研究[J].计算力学学报,2005,22(5):608-612.
[18]刘克龙,姚卫星,穆雪峰.基于Kriging代理模型的结构形状优化方法研究[J].计算力学学报,2006,23(3):344-347.
[19]王琦,丁运亮,陈昊.基于多级代理模型的优化算法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2008,40(4):501-506.
[20] Blanning W. R.The Constrction and Implemention of Metamodels,Simulation,24-25(6),1975,177-184.
[21] Russell R.Barton , Martin Meckesheimer . Metamodel-Based Simulation [J].S.G.Henderson and B.L.Nelson (Eds.),Handbook in OR & MS,Vol.13.
[22]邱晓刚,黄柯棣.基于非信息超先验的Bayesian Kriging元建模算法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2010,32(11):2341-2345.
[23] Jack P.C.Kleijnen.Kriging metamodeling in simulation:A review[J].European Journal of Operational Research 192 (2009) 707–716
[24] Jack P.C.Kleijnen,R.G.Sargent.A Methodology for Fitting and Validating Metamodels in Simulation.European Journal of Operational Research ,2000,120(1):14–29
[25] Barton R.B.Simulation Metamodels,Proceedings of the 1998 Winter Simulation Conference,330-335.
[26] Jack P.C.Kleijnen.Kriging metamodeling in simulation:A review[J].European Journal of Operational Reasearch,192(2009)707-716.
[27]梅虎,梁桂兆,周原,李志良.支持向量机用于定量构效关系建模的研究[J].科学通报,2010,50(16):1703-1708.
[28]魏国,刘昕,孙金玮,孙圣和.基于支持向量回归的三元溶液浓度重构算法研究[J].电子学报,2008,36(4):695-700
[29] C.N.Madu . A Fuzzy Theoretic Approach to Simulation Metamodeling ,Appl.Math.Lett.Vol.8,No.6,35-41,1995.
[30] Jack P.C.Kleijnen.Design and Analysis of Experiment with Simulation Models:Classic and Novel Method for Sensitivity Analysis.
[31] Jack P.C.Kleijnen.et al.A User’s Guide to the Brave New World of Designing Simulation Experiments[J] . INFORMS Journal on Computing 17(3) ,pp.263–289.
[32] Jack P.C.Kleijnen.An overview of the design and analysis of simulation experiments for sensitivity analysis[J] . European Journal of Operational Reasearch,2004.
[33] W.David Kelton.Experimental design for simulation[C].Proceedings of the 2000Winter Simulation Conference.
[34] Isabel Reis dos Santos M,Porta Nova AMO.TheMain Issues in Nonlinear Simulation Metamodel Estimation [C] // Farrington P A,Nembhard H B,Sturrock D T,et al.In Proceedings of the 1999 Winter Simulation Conference.1999: 502–509.
[35] Starbird S.A.A Metamodel Specification for a Tomato Processinf Plant,European Journal of Operational Reasearch,1990,41/3,229-240.
[36] Diener D.A.Forecasting Air Base Operability in a Hostile Enviroment:Estimating Metamodels for Lage-Scale Simulation,1989.
[37] Russell R.Barton , Martin Meckesheimer . Metamodel-Based Simulation Optimization[J].Handbook in OR & MS,Vol.13:535-574.
[38] Kleijnen J.P.C.Statistical Validation of Simulation Models:A Case Study [J].European Journal of Operational Research.1995,87 (1):21–34.
[39] Davis P.K,Bigelow J H.Motivated Metamodels: Synthesis of Cause-effect Reasoning and Statistical Metamodeling,MR-1570 [R],RAND.2003.
[40]李小波.主动元建模框架及其应用研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2007.
[41]王令敏.基于HLA的雷达系统建模与仿真研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2004.
[42]赵锋,王雪松,肖顺平,等.基于HLA的相控阵雷达系统仿真并行处理研究[J],系统仿真学报,2006,18(8):2170—2173.
[43] MIL-STD-464A . Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Requirements for Systems[S].2002.
[44]高斌,唐晓斌.复杂电磁环境效应研究初探[J].中国电子科学研究院学报,2008,3(4):345-350.
[45]宋祖勋,俞卞章.无人机系统的电磁环境效应分析[J].系统工程与电子技术,2003(9):1108—1112.
[46]洪家财,侯孝民.美军电磁环境效应研究启示[J].装备指挥技术学院学报,2009,20(3):10-13.
[47]刘义,王国玉,冯德军等.基于装备作战效能的复杂电磁环境下训练效果评估.系统仿真学报.2009,21(17):5375-5379.
[48]张钹,张铃.问题求解理论及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1990.
[49]方开泰,马长兴.正交与均匀试验设计.北京:科学出版社,2001.
[50]吴振君,王水林,葛修润.LHS方法在边坡可靠度分析中的应用[J].岩土力学,2010,31(4):1047-1054.
[51]丁娣,秦子增.基于正交试验的大型降落伞开伞冲击载荷影响因素分析[J].国防科技大学学报,2009,31(3):11-15.
[52]刘涛,王俊杰.基于正交设计的土坡稳定影响因素敏感性分析[J].水电能源科学,2010,28(3):88-90.
[53]倪恒,刘佑荣,龙治国.正交设计在滑坡敏感性分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(7).
[54]陈高峰,程圣国,卢应发,等.基于均匀设计的边坡稳定性敏感性分析[J].水利学报,2007,37(11).
[55]游海龙,贾新章,张小波,等.试验设计与仿真相结合构造集成电路元模型的方法研究[J].电子学报,2006,34(6):1159-1162.
[56] Hamby M D.A Review of Sensitivity Analysis Techniques(U)[R].WSRC-MS-93-576,1993.
[57]蔡毅,邢岩,胡丹.敏感性分析综述[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(1):9-16.
[58]傅攀峰,周经伦,罗鹏程,等.武器装备体系效能敏感性分析方法[J].火力与指挥控制,2008,33(4):57-60.
[59] Montgomery C D.Design and Analysis of experiments(Third Edition)[M].John Wiley&Sons,Inc,1991.
[60]吴迪军,徐振海,李永祯,等.远距离支援干扰对雷达性能影响分析[C].第十一届学术雷达年会,湖南长沙,2010.11.10-12,679-684.
[61]常晋聃,易正红,甘荣兵.旁瓣对消系统的对消比上限分析[J].电波科学学报,2009,24(1):132-140.
[62]梁冰,沈福民,赵永波.宽带干扰信号自适应副瓣相消的分析[J].雷达科学与技术,2003,1(3):179-182.
[63]李兴成,张永顺.宽带干扰下的ASLC系统性能分析[J].现代雷达,2008,30(3):34-36.
[64]谢良贵,蒋新发.数字波束形成天线旁瓣对消性能分析[J].电子学报,1994,22(3):58-63.
[65]杨勇.机载PD雷达动目标检测技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学硕士论文,2009.
[66]徐振来.相控阵雷达数据处理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2009.
[67]吴顺君,梅晓春等编著.雷达信号处理和数据处理技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008.2
[68]何友,关键,彭应宁等.雷达自动检测与恒虚警处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.3
[69]何友,修建娟,张晶炜等.雷达数据处理及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.1
[2]张国春,胡晓峰.体系对抗仿真中体系效能分析初探[J].系统仿真学报,2003,15(12):1698-1701.
[3]王雪松,肖顺平,冯德军,等.现代雷达电子战系统建模与仿真[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2010.
[4]王国玉,肖顺平,汪连栋.电子系统建模仿真与评估[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1996.
[5]刘兴堂,梁炳成,何力,等.复杂系统建模理论、方法与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[6]李建平,吴红,王维平,等.雷达系统发现与跟踪目标仿真元模型方法[J].系统仿真学报,2007,19(3):639-643.
[7]李建平.仿真元建模中的拟合方法及其应用研究[D].国防科技大学,2007.
[8]李伯虎,柴旭东,朱文海等.现代建模与仿真技术发展的几个焦点[J].系统仿真学报,2004,16(9):1871-1878.
[9]张斌,胡晓峰,张昱,等.基于效能评估的复杂电磁环境探索性仿真方法[J].系统仿真学报,2009,21(24):7715-7718.
[10]张伟.基于支持向量机的主动元建模方法研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2010.
[11]周少平,李群,王维平.支持探索性分析的主动元建模[J].系统仿真学报,2007,19(2):237—243.
[12]杨峰,李群,王维平,等.体系对抗仿真跨层次建模方法论[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(2):270—274.
[13]华玉光,徐浩军,刘凌.航空装备对地突击效能评估主动元模型研究[J].系统仿真学报.2007,19 (21):4860–4863.
[14]张文琴.反向建模方法的一般规律及其应用[D].北京:华北电力大学,2009.
[15] Shan N et al.GRG:Knowledge Discovery Using Information Generalization,Information Reduction,and Rule Generation.Proc.of 7th International Conf.on Tools with Artificial Intelligence.Washington D C,USA.1995:372-379.
[16]张继瑞.反向建模方法在循环流化床床温参数建模中的应用[D].北京:华北电力大学,2011.
[17]穆雪峰,姚卫星,余雄庆,等.多学科设计优化中常用代理模型的研究[J].计算力学学报,2005,22(5):608-612.
[18]刘克龙,姚卫星,穆雪峰.基于Kriging代理模型的结构形状优化方法研究[J].计算力学学报,2006,23(3):344-347.
[19]王琦,丁运亮,陈昊.基于多级代理模型的优化算法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2008,40(4):501-506.
[20] Blanning W. R.The Constrction and Implemention of Metamodels,Simulation,24-25(6),1975,177-184.
[21] Russell R.Barton , Martin Meckesheimer . Metamodel-Based Simulation [J].S.G.Henderson and B.L.Nelson (Eds.),Handbook in OR & MS,Vol.13.
[22]邱晓刚,黄柯棣.基于非信息超先验的Bayesian Kriging元建模算法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2010,32(11):2341-2345.
[23] Jack P.C.Kleijnen.Kriging metamodeling in simulation:A review[J].European Journal of Operational Research 192 (2009) 707–716
[24] Jack P.C.Kleijnen,R.G.Sargent.A Methodology for Fitting and Validating Metamodels in Simulation.European Journal of Operational Research ,2000,120(1):14–29
[25] Barton R.B.Simulation Metamodels,Proceedings of the 1998 Winter Simulation Conference,330-335.
[26] Jack P.C.Kleijnen.Kriging metamodeling in simulation:A review[J].European Journal of Operational Reasearch,192(2009)707-716.
[27]梅虎,梁桂兆,周原,李志良.支持向量机用于定量构效关系建模的研究[J].科学通报,2010,50(16):1703-1708.
[28]魏国,刘昕,孙金玮,孙圣和.基于支持向量回归的三元溶液浓度重构算法研究[J].电子学报,2008,36(4):695-700
[29] C.N.Madu . A Fuzzy Theoretic Approach to Simulation Metamodeling ,Appl.Math.Lett.Vol.8,No.6,35-41,1995.
[30] Jack P.C.Kleijnen.Design and Analysis of Experiment with Simulation Models:Classic and Novel Method for Sensitivity Analysis.
[31] Jack P.C.Kleijnen.et al.A User’s Guide to the Brave New World of Designing Simulation Experiments[J] . INFORMS Journal on Computing 17(3) ,pp.263–289.
[32] Jack P.C.Kleijnen.An overview of the design and analysis of simulation experiments for sensitivity analysis[J] . European Journal of Operational Reasearch,2004.
[33] W.David Kelton.Experimental design for simulation[C].Proceedings of the 2000Winter Simulation Conference.
[34] Isabel Reis dos Santos M,Porta Nova AMO.TheMain Issues in Nonlinear Simulation Metamodel Estimation [C] // Farrington P A,Nembhard H B,Sturrock D T,et al.In Proceedings of the 1999 Winter Simulation Conference.1999: 502–509.
[35] Starbird S.A.A Metamodel Specification for a Tomato Processinf Plant,European Journal of Operational Reasearch,1990,41/3,229-240.
[36] Diener D.A.Forecasting Air Base Operability in a Hostile Enviroment:Estimating Metamodels for Lage-Scale Simulation,1989.
[37] Russell R.Barton , Martin Meckesheimer . Metamodel-Based Simulation Optimization[J].Handbook in OR & MS,Vol.13:535-574.
[38] Kleijnen J.P.C.Statistical Validation of Simulation Models:A Case Study [J].European Journal of Operational Research.1995,87 (1):21–34.
[39] Davis P.K,Bigelow J H.Motivated Metamodels: Synthesis of Cause-effect Reasoning and Statistical Metamodeling,MR-1570 [R],RAND.2003.
[40]李小波.主动元建模框架及其应用研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2007.
[41]王令敏.基于HLA的雷达系统建模与仿真研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2004.
[42]赵锋,王雪松,肖顺平,等.基于HLA的相控阵雷达系统仿真并行处理研究[J],系统仿真学报,2006,18(8):2170—2173.
[43] MIL-STD-464A . Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Requirements for Systems[S].2002.
[44]高斌,唐晓斌.复杂电磁环境效应研究初探[J].中国电子科学研究院学报,2008,3(4):345-350.
[45]宋祖勋,俞卞章.无人机系统的电磁环境效应分析[J].系统工程与电子技术,2003(9):1108—1112.
[46]洪家财,侯孝民.美军电磁环境效应研究启示[J].装备指挥技术学院学报,2009,20(3):10-13.
[47]刘义,王国玉,冯德军等.基于装备作战效能的复杂电磁环境下训练效果评估.系统仿真学报.2009,21(17):5375-5379.
[48]张钹,张铃.问题求解理论及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1990.
[49]方开泰,马长兴.正交与均匀试验设计.北京:科学出版社,2001.
[50]吴振君,王水林,葛修润.LHS方法在边坡可靠度分析中的应用[J].岩土力学,2010,31(4):1047-1054.
[51]丁娣,秦子增.基于正交试验的大型降落伞开伞冲击载荷影响因素分析[J].国防科技大学学报,2009,31(3):11-15.
[52]刘涛,王俊杰.基于正交设计的土坡稳定影响因素敏感性分析[J].水电能源科学,2010,28(3):88-90.
[53]倪恒,刘佑荣,龙治国.正交设计在滑坡敏感性分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(7).
[54]陈高峰,程圣国,卢应发,等.基于均匀设计的边坡稳定性敏感性分析[J].水利学报,2007,37(11).
[55]游海龙,贾新章,张小波,等.试验设计与仿真相结合构造集成电路元模型的方法研究[J].电子学报,2006,34(6):1159-1162.
[56] Hamby M D.A Review of Sensitivity Analysis Techniques(U)[R].WSRC-MS-93-576,1993.
[57]蔡毅,邢岩,胡丹.敏感性分析综述[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(1):9-16.
[58]傅攀峰,周经伦,罗鹏程,等.武器装备体系效能敏感性分析方法[J].火力与指挥控制,2008,33(4):57-60.
[59] Montgomery C D.Design and Analysis of experiments(Third Edition)[M].John Wiley&Sons,Inc,1991.
[60]吴迪军,徐振海,李永祯,等.远距离支援干扰对雷达性能影响分析[C].第十一届学术雷达年会,湖南长沙,2010.11.10-12,679-684.
[61]常晋聃,易正红,甘荣兵.旁瓣对消系统的对消比上限分析[J].电波科学学报,2009,24(1):132-140.
[62]梁冰,沈福民,赵永波.宽带干扰信号自适应副瓣相消的分析[J].雷达科学与技术,2003,1(3):179-182.
[63]李兴成,张永顺.宽带干扰下的ASLC系统性能分析[J].现代雷达,2008,30(3):34-36.
[64]谢良贵,蒋新发.数字波束形成天线旁瓣对消性能分析[J].电子学报,1994,22(3):58-63.
[65]杨勇.机载PD雷达动目标检测技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学硕士论文,2009.
[66]徐振来.相控阵雷达数据处理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2009.
[67]吴顺君,梅晓春等编著.雷达信号处理和数据处理技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008.2
[68]何友,关键,彭应宁等.雷达自动检测与恒虚警处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.3
[69]何友,修建娟,张晶炜等.雷达数据处理及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.1