基于临近空间的SAR系统及成像研究
|
摘要
临近空间是新兴的一个研究热点,在临近空间建立雷达系统平台是其中的重点。本文对临近空间SAR系统的构建、布站方式进行了详细的分析和论述,同时成像,运动补偿方面进行了一些理论研究以及仿真实现。主要工作和成果如下：
1.提出了基于临近空间的SAR系统平台。指出雷达系统需要有高频率稳定度的本振基准频率,天线子系统须受到平台控制系统的实时监控；确立了数据处理＼传输系统进行预处理再下传的机制；平台控制系统需要与地面系统建立良好的通信机制,同时对雷达系统进行实时的控制。
2.对临近空间SAR系统的单基站、双基站和分布式多基站布站方式进行了初步的分析。指出单基站SAR相比机载SAR抗干扰强；相比星载SAR发射功率小,分辨率高的优点；并提出可建立组网模式；临近空间双基站回波随距离的衰减小,作用距离远,抗截获功能好,但同步性要求高、运动补偿复杂,并分析了其多种配对方式的优缺点；分布式多基站SAR能获得更高质量的图像、对地面动目标检测也有很好的效果、适合干涉SAR成像。
3.重点针对临近空间SAR的斜视模式进行了详细的研究,指出在斜视角下合成孔径长度须考虑其精确表达式。从SAR.回波信号本身出发进行详细的分析推导,确立了先去距离走动、距离压缩,采取NCS方式进行三次相位滤除、剩余距离徙动校正以及二次距离压缩,完成方位向压缩和方位平动相位校正的成像算法。
4.详细研究了临近空间SAR斜视模式的运动误差。指出侧向误差在临近空间的主要形式是摆动误差,给出了斜视模式下航迹误差的恒定扰动速度和余弦扰动速度以及侧向摆动误差的误差容限；进行了误差补偿分析,指出航迹误差可采用雷达斜视角近似分析,侧向误差不能忽视瞬时斜视角的变化；最后给出了基于运动补偿的成像算法。
Near-space is emerging as a research hotspot at present, to create the radar platform in Near-space is one of the focal points.Some analysis and discussion in details has been made about architecture and layout of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR), whiles some theoretical studies of imaging and motion compesation has been done and simulation has been achieved in this article.The main results and achievements are as below:
1. The platform of SAR system based on Near-Space has been given. Pointed out that the radar systems need to have high frequency stability of the local oscillator reference frequency; the antenna subsystem is subject to the platform control system's real-time monitoring; a mechanism that data has been processed before transmission data-processing and transmission system has been established; a good communication mechanism should be established between platform control system and ground system.
2. A preliminary analysis about Single-Static Bistatic and Muti-Static SAR in Near-Space has been made. Point out that Single-Static SAR in Near-Space has stronger anti-jamming compared to Airborne SAR, smaller transmit power and higher resolution compared to Satellite SAR; and put forward a proposal to establish a network model. Bistatic SAR in Near-Space has small echo attenuation compared to Single-Static, and a far operating distance, excellent ability of interception resistance, but need high synchronization and has complex motion compensation.In addition, point out the merit and demerit of the model of Bistatic SAR. Distributed Multi-Static can get high quality SAR images, has excellent ability of GMIT, and suitable for IFSAR.
3. Detailed studies has been made focus on squint SAR imaging in Near-Space, pointing out that exact expression of synthetic aperture length should be considered under forward-squint mode. Starting from the echo signal itself, a detailed analysis has been derived. Established the algorithm that Range walk removal and Range compression at first, subsequent cubic phase filtering, SRC and RCMC by using NCS, completing azimuth compression and residual phase compensation at last.
4. Detailed studies has been made focus on forward-squint SAR motion error in Near-Space. Pointing out that swing error is the main form of lateral error. Expression of error margin has been given of cross track error including constant disturbance velocity and cosine disturbance velocity, as well as lateral error. Analysis of motion compensation has been made. Pointed out that can use constant squint angle instead of instantaneous squint angle of track error, but cannot of lateral error. Finally, a algorithm with motion compensation has been given.
1.提出了基于临近空间的SAR系统平台。指出雷达系统需要有高频率稳定度的本振基准频率,天线子系统须受到平台控制系统的实时监控；确立了数据处理＼传输系统进行预处理再下传的机制；平台控制系统需要与地面系统建立良好的通信机制,同时对雷达系统进行实时的控制。
2.对临近空间SAR系统的单基站、双基站和分布式多基站布站方式进行了初步的分析。指出单基站SAR相比机载SAR抗干扰强；相比星载SAR发射功率小,分辨率高的优点；并提出可建立组网模式；临近空间双基站回波随距离的衰减小,作用距离远,抗截获功能好,但同步性要求高、运动补偿复杂,并分析了其多种配对方式的优缺点；分布式多基站SAR能获得更高质量的图像、对地面动目标检测也有很好的效果、适合干涉SAR成像。
3.重点针对临近空间SAR的斜视模式进行了详细的研究,指出在斜视角下合成孔径长度须考虑其精确表达式。从SAR.回波信号本身出发进行详细的分析推导,确立了先去距离走动、距离压缩,采取NCS方式进行三次相位滤除、剩余距离徙动校正以及二次距离压缩,完成方位向压缩和方位平动相位校正的成像算法。
4.详细研究了临近空间SAR斜视模式的运动误差。指出侧向误差在临近空间的主要形式是摆动误差,给出了斜视模式下航迹误差的恒定扰动速度和余弦扰动速度以及侧向摆动误差的误差容限；进行了误差补偿分析,指出航迹误差可采用雷达斜视角近似分析,侧向误差不能忽视瞬时斜视角的变化；最后给出了基于运动补偿的成像算法。
Near-space is emerging as a research hotspot at present, to create the radar platform in Near-space is one of the focal points.Some analysis and discussion in details has been made about architecture and layout of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR), whiles some theoretical studies of imaging and motion compesation has been done and simulation has been achieved in this article.The main results and achievements are as below:
1. The platform of SAR system based on Near-Space has been given. Pointed out that the radar systems need to have high frequency stability of the local oscillator reference frequency; the antenna subsystem is subject to the platform control system's real-time monitoring; a mechanism that data has been processed before transmission data-processing and transmission system has been established; a good communication mechanism should be established between platform control system and ground system.
2. A preliminary analysis about Single-Static Bistatic and Muti-Static SAR in Near-Space has been made. Point out that Single-Static SAR in Near-Space has stronger anti-jamming compared to Airborne SAR, smaller transmit power and higher resolution compared to Satellite SAR; and put forward a proposal to establish a network model. Bistatic SAR in Near-Space has small echo attenuation compared to Single-Static, and a far operating distance, excellent ability of interception resistance, but need high synchronization and has complex motion compensation.In addition, point out the merit and demerit of the model of Bistatic SAR. Distributed Multi-Static can get high quality SAR images, has excellent ability of GMIT, and suitable for IFSAR.
3. Detailed studies has been made focus on squint SAR imaging in Near-Space, pointing out that exact expression of synthetic aperture length should be considered under forward-squint mode. Starting from the echo signal itself, a detailed analysis has been derived. Established the algorithm that Range walk removal and Range compression at first, subsequent cubic phase filtering, SRC and RCMC by using NCS, completing azimuth compression and residual phase compensation at last.
4. Detailed studies has been made focus on forward-squint SAR motion error in Near-Space. Pointing out that swing error is the main form of lateral error. Expression of error margin has been given of cross track error including constant disturbance velocity and cosine disturbance velocity, as well as lateral error. Analysis of motion compensation has been made. Pointed out that can use constant squint angle instead of instantaneous squint angle of track error, but cannot of lateral error. Finally, a algorithm with motion compensation has been given.
引文
[1]Mark A. Richards.雷达信号处理基础[M].邢叾道,王彤,李真芳等译.北京：电子工业出版社,2008.1～5,297-303,329～331
[2]刘永坦.雷达成像技术[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999.1～7,37～48
[3]John C. Curlander. Robert N. Mcdonough.合成孔径雷达—系统与信号处理[M].韩传钊等译.北京：电子工业出版社,2006.9～17,172～200
[4]D. A.Ausherman, A. Kozma. J. L. Walker etc. Developments in Radar Imaging[J]. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. AES-20, No.4. July 1984
[5]S. Barbarossa and A. Farina. Detection and Imaging of Moving Objects with Synthetic Aperture Radar[J]. Part 2:Joint Time-Frequency Analysis By Wigner-Ville Distribution. IEE Proceedings-F. Vol.139, No.1, Feb.1992
[6]张直中.合成孔径雷达(SAR)发展简况[C].2005年中国合成孔径雷达会议论文集.南京：中国电子学会,2005：7～13
[7]葛之江,张润灯，朱丽.国外星载SAR系统最新进展[J].航天器工程,Vol.17,No.6.北京：2008.11,107～112
[8]王小谟,张光义主编.雷达与探测：信息化战争的火眼金睛[M].北京：国防工业出版,2008：135～142
[9]Wu C, Liu K.Y, Jin M. Modeling and a correlation algorithm for spaceborne SAR signals. IEEE Trans on Aerospace and Electro nic System[J].1982.18(5):563-575
[10]R.Keith Raney, H. Runge, Richard Bamler. Precision SAR Processing Using Chirp Scaling. IEEE Trans. on GRS, Vol.32, No.4, July 1994
[11]何彦峰.浅析临近空间平台的军事应用[J].国防科技2007.6：32～35
[12]Andrew J., Knoedler. Using Near Space Vehicles in the Pursuit of Persistent C3ISR.10th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium.2006,4:9-18
[13]康十峰.临近空间大气环境特性监测与研究[J].北京：装备环境工程,2008.2：Vol.5,No.1：20～23,91
[14]季艳.国外临近空间飞行器技术发展概述[J].北京：国际航空杂志,2006.9：84～85
[15]沈杰,胡可欣,高山.平流层飞艇载雷达系统初步研究[C].第八届全国雷达学术年会论文集.合肥：中国电子学会,2002：209～214
[16]Wang Wen-Qin, Cai Jingye, Peng Qicong. Near-Space SAR:A Revolutionary Microwave Remote Sensing Mission[J]. Synthetic Aperture Radar,2007. APSAR 2007.1st Asian and Pacific Conference on 5-9 Nov.2007 Page(s):127～131
[17]王晓峰,董臻,梁甸农.临近空间慢速平台SAR结合RD算法的运动补偿[J]．雷达科学与技术,2007,5(4)：258～264
[18]王晓峰,董臻,梁甸农.临近空间慢速平台SAR结合运动补偿的SCFT算法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2008.10.30,Vol.30,No.10：1869～1873
[19]宫健,王春阳,李为民等.临近空间双基雷达对隐身目标的最大探测距离[J].制导与引信,2008.9,Vol.29,No.3：53～56
[20]郭灵利.GPS/INS'紧密组合导航系统研究[D].天津：中国民航大学,2008
[21]WalidAbdel--Hamid. Accuracy Enhancement of Integrated MEMS--INS/GPS Systems for Land Vehicular Navigation Applications. UCGE Reports Number 20207,2005
[22]张直中编著.机载和星载合成孔径雷达导论[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004：17～25
[23]Fabrice Comblet, Ali Khenchaf, Alexandre Baussard etc. Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging:Theory, Simulaitons, and Validations[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.54, No.11, Nov 2006:3529-3540
[24]Otmar Loffeld, Holger Nies, Valerij Peters etc. Models and Useful Relations for Bistatic SAR Processing[J]. IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol.42, No.10, Oct 2004: 2031-2038
[25]Koba Natroshvili, Olmar Loffeld, Holger Nies, Focusing of Arbitrary Bistatic SAR configuration, EUSAR 2006.
[26]黄钰林,杨建宇,武俊杰等.机载双站SAR分辨率特性分析[J].电波科学学报,Vol.23No.1,2008.2：174～178
[27]梁甸农.朱炬波.董臻.黄海风.临近空间高分辨雷达[C].国防科技前沿论坛论文集.2006,455～459
[28]雷万明.分布式卫星SAR系统侧视阵列处理成像研究[D].成都：电子科技大学,2002
[29]武昕伟,张绪锦,张长耀.分布式小卫星SAR回波信号仿真[J].系统仿真学报,Vol.19No.13,July,2007：3056～3059,3100
[30]程玉平.SAR成像的几个问题[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2000.5
[31]Jin M, Wu C. A SAR correlation algorithm which accommondates large-range migration. IEEE Trans. Geosc i. Remote Sensing,1984, CE222:592～597
[32]朱岱寅,朱兆达,,叶少华.机载SAR斜视区域成像研究[J].电子学报,2002,Vol.30No.9：1387～1389
[33]Davidson G. W., Cumming I. G., Ito M. R.. A chirp scaling approach for processing squint mode SAR data [J]. IEEE Trans. on AES,1996,32 (1):121～133
[34]陈琦,杨汝良.一种改进的机载前斜视SAR二次距离压缩成像算法[J]．电子与信息学报,2007.6,Vol.29,No.6：1145～1149
[35]胡学成,于文震,雷万明等.机载大斜视实时成像处理[J].现代雷达,2005.7,Vol.27No.7：42～44,57
[36]王开志.斜视条件下高分辨率合成孔径雷达成像技术[D].上海交通入学,2007
[37]张华.机载大斜视SAR成像处理技术研究[D].南京电子技术研究所,2005
[38]王晓峰.临近空间慢速平台SAR运动补偿技术研究[D].国防科技大学,2007
[39]郑波浪.机载高分辨率合成孔径雷达运动补偿研究[D].中国科学院电子研究所,2006
[40]D. E.Wahl, P. H. Eichel, D C Ghiglia, et al. Phase Grad:ent Aulofocus—A Robust Tool for High Resolution SAR phase Correction. IEEE Trans. on AES,1994,30(3):827～830
[41]徐曦煜,刘和光,许可.星载雷达高度计幅度和相位误差分析与估算[J].遥感技术与应用,2004.6,Vol.19,No.6：498～501
[42]李燕平,邢孟道,保铮.斜视SAR运动补偿研究[J].北京：电子学报,2007.6,Vol.29,No.6：1421～1424
[43]方志红,张长耀,俞根苗.条带SAR成像对偏航角最大误差要求的理论分析[J].雷达科学与技术,2004.2,Vol.2,No.1：33～36
[2]刘永坦.雷达成像技术[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999.1～7,37～48
[3]John C. Curlander. Robert N. Mcdonough.合成孔径雷达—系统与信号处理[M].韩传钊等译.北京：电子工业出版社,2006.9～17,172～200
[4]D. A.Ausherman, A. Kozma. J. L. Walker etc. Developments in Radar Imaging[J]. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. AES-20, No.4. July 1984
[5]S. Barbarossa and A. Farina. Detection and Imaging of Moving Objects with Synthetic Aperture Radar[J]. Part 2:Joint Time-Frequency Analysis By Wigner-Ville Distribution. IEE Proceedings-F. Vol.139, No.1, Feb.1992
[6]张直中.合成孔径雷达(SAR)发展简况[C].2005年中国合成孔径雷达会议论文集.南京：中国电子学会,2005：7～13
[7]葛之江,张润灯，朱丽.国外星载SAR系统最新进展[J].航天器工程,Vol.17,No.6.北京：2008.11,107～112
[8]王小谟,张光义主编.雷达与探测：信息化战争的火眼金睛[M].北京：国防工业出版,2008：135～142
[9]Wu C, Liu K.Y, Jin M. Modeling and a correlation algorithm for spaceborne SAR signals. IEEE Trans on Aerospace and Electro nic System[J].1982.18(5):563-575
[10]R.Keith Raney, H. Runge, Richard Bamler. Precision SAR Processing Using Chirp Scaling. IEEE Trans. on GRS, Vol.32, No.4, July 1994
[11]何彦峰.浅析临近空间平台的军事应用[J].国防科技2007.6：32～35
[12]Andrew J., Knoedler. Using Near Space Vehicles in the Pursuit of Persistent C3ISR.10th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium.2006,4:9-18
[13]康十峰.临近空间大气环境特性监测与研究[J].北京：装备环境工程,2008.2：Vol.5,No.1：20～23,91
[14]季艳.国外临近空间飞行器技术发展概述[J].北京：国际航空杂志,2006.9：84～85
[15]沈杰,胡可欣,高山.平流层飞艇载雷达系统初步研究[C].第八届全国雷达学术年会论文集.合肥：中国电子学会,2002：209～214
[16]Wang Wen-Qin, Cai Jingye, Peng Qicong. Near-Space SAR:A Revolutionary Microwave Remote Sensing Mission[J]. Synthetic Aperture Radar,2007. APSAR 2007.1st Asian and Pacific Conference on 5-9 Nov.2007 Page(s):127～131
[17]王晓峰,董臻,梁甸农.临近空间慢速平台SAR结合RD算法的运动补偿[J]．雷达科学与技术,2007,5(4)：258～264
[18]王晓峰,董臻,梁甸农.临近空间慢速平台SAR结合运动补偿的SCFT算法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2008.10.30,Vol.30,No.10：1869～1873
[19]宫健,王春阳,李为民等.临近空间双基雷达对隐身目标的最大探测距离[J].制导与引信,2008.9,Vol.29,No.3：53～56
[20]郭灵利.GPS/INS'紧密组合导航系统研究[D].天津：中国民航大学,2008
[21]WalidAbdel--Hamid. Accuracy Enhancement of Integrated MEMS--INS/GPS Systems for Land Vehicular Navigation Applications. UCGE Reports Number 20207,2005
[22]张直中编著.机载和星载合成孔径雷达导论[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004：17～25
[23]Fabrice Comblet, Ali Khenchaf, Alexandre Baussard etc. Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging:Theory, Simulaitons, and Validations[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.54, No.11, Nov 2006:3529-3540
[24]Otmar Loffeld, Holger Nies, Valerij Peters etc. Models and Useful Relations for Bistatic SAR Processing[J]. IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol.42, No.10, Oct 2004: 2031-2038
[25]Koba Natroshvili, Olmar Loffeld, Holger Nies, Focusing of Arbitrary Bistatic SAR configuration, EUSAR 2006.
[26]黄钰林,杨建宇,武俊杰等.机载双站SAR分辨率特性分析[J].电波科学学报,Vol.23No.1,2008.2：174～178
[27]梁甸农.朱炬波.董臻.黄海风.临近空间高分辨雷达[C].国防科技前沿论坛论文集.2006,455～459
[28]雷万明.分布式卫星SAR系统侧视阵列处理成像研究[D].成都：电子科技大学,2002
[29]武昕伟,张绪锦,张长耀.分布式小卫星SAR回波信号仿真[J].系统仿真学报,Vol.19No.13,July,2007：3056～3059,3100
[30]程玉平.SAR成像的几个问题[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2000.5
[31]Jin M, Wu C. A SAR correlation algorithm which accommondates large-range migration. IEEE Trans. Geosc i. Remote Sensing,1984, CE222:592～597
[32]朱岱寅,朱兆达,,叶少华.机载SAR斜视区域成像研究[J].电子学报,2002,Vol.30No.9：1387～1389
[33]Davidson G. W., Cumming I. G., Ito M. R.. A chirp scaling approach for processing squint mode SAR data [J]. IEEE Trans. on AES,1996,32 (1):121～133
[34]陈琦,杨汝良.一种改进的机载前斜视SAR二次距离压缩成像算法[J]．电子与信息学报,2007.6,Vol.29,No.6：1145～1149
[35]胡学成,于文震,雷万明等.机载大斜视实时成像处理[J].现代雷达,2005.7,Vol.27No.7：42～44,57
[36]王开志.斜视条件下高分辨率合成孔径雷达成像技术[D].上海交通入学,2007
[37]张华.机载大斜视SAR成像处理技术研究[D].南京电子技术研究所,2005
[38]王晓峰.临近空间慢速平台SAR运动补偿技术研究[D].国防科技大学,2007
[39]郑波浪.机载高分辨率合成孔径雷达运动补偿研究[D].中国科学院电子研究所,2006
[40]D. E.Wahl, P. H. Eichel, D C Ghiglia, et al. Phase Grad:ent Aulofocus—A Robust Tool for High Resolution SAR phase Correction. IEEE Trans. on AES,1994,30(3):827～830
[41]徐曦煜,刘和光,许可.星载雷达高度计幅度和相位误差分析与估算[J].遥感技术与应用,2004.6,Vol.19,No.6：498～501
[42]李燕平,邢孟道,保铮.斜视SAR运动补偿研究[J].北京：电子学报,2007.6,Vol.29,No.6：1421～1424
[43]方志红,张长耀,俞根苗.条带SAR成像对偏航角最大误差要求的理论分析[J].雷达科学与技术,2004.2,Vol.2,No.1：33～36
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |