燃油暖风机控制系统研究
摘要
暖风机是一种供暖设备,为帐篷、房屋、野战医院等提供热量。该论文研究的暖风机是移动式的设备,燃料的选取为柴油。它的组成部分主要是燃烧器和热交换系统。
燃烧器是一种机电一体化产品,广泛应用于电力、石油、钢铁冶金等行业中的加热过程。燃烧器是整个加热系统的心脏,对系统的性能起关键的作用,同时燃烧器是加热系统的最大的能耗部件。我国总体能源丰富,但结构不合理,在倡导清洁能源的今天,有必要设计先进的燃烧器控制系统以使燃烧器达到节能环保的目的。燃烧器的启动、正常燃烧、熄火在顺序和时间上有严格的要求,并且需要一系列的安全检测保护措施。程控器是燃烧器控制系统的核心部件,它规定了燃烧器按照一定顺序,实现一系列功能。本文采用PLC作为控制器来控制暖风机。这种程控器具有适应性强、抗干扰能力强、性能价格比高等特点。针对暖风机的运行特点,结合了模糊控制技术,使暖风机安全运行。
暖风机的加热对象是大惯性、纯滞后的系统,很难建立其精确的数学模型。模糊控制技术不用建立控制对象的数学模型,可根据熟练操作人员对被控系统的控制经验或专家的知识为依据设计出控制器,实现对系统的快速并且稳定的控制。因此,本文以专家调整的经验为基础,设计出模糊自整定控制器。
监控计算机与PLC的数据通信采用MODBUS协议,实现对各个暖风机的状态监控和远程控制。并利用VB设计出良好的监控界面和通信程序。
Warm air heater is a kind of heating equipment which burns light diesel oil or natural gas to provide warm air for tents rooms or field hospital. The main parts are burner and heat exchange system .
The burner is a kind of high-tech electromechanical products, it was widely applied in industries such as electric power, petroleum, ferrous metallurgy, and so on. The burner is the important part of the heater system. And it is the greatest dissipative element. Now the cleaning fuel is encouraged in the whole world because of the air pollution and energy shortage. The burner must obey a sequence to work, burn, and flameout. The controller is the most important part. It makes the burner work in series and performs some functions. In this paper choose PLC to be the controller. This kind of controller has good features that good adaptability, anti-interference, cost performance. The control system adopted fuzzy control technique , it can make the burner work safely and efficiently.
The control of warm air heater is complex, nonlinear, and time-varying. It is difficult to build the math model for the control object, and even can not build. The fuzzy control does not need the math model of object. It utilizes the experiences of experts or the skilled worker to fulfill the better control. So design self-tuning fuzzy PID controller. The subroutines of the control system are designed finally.
This paper uses MODBUS protocol to build communication between computer and PLC, so surveillance each of warm air heater's state and control them.
燃烧器是一种机电一体化产品,广泛应用于电力、石油、钢铁冶金等行业中的加热过程。燃烧器是整个加热系统的心脏,对系统的性能起关键的作用,同时燃烧器是加热系统的最大的能耗部件。我国总体能源丰富,但结构不合理,在倡导清洁能源的今天,有必要设计先进的燃烧器控制系统以使燃烧器达到节能环保的目的。燃烧器的启动、正常燃烧、熄火在顺序和时间上有严格的要求,并且需要一系列的安全检测保护措施。程控器是燃烧器控制系统的核心部件,它规定了燃烧器按照一定顺序,实现一系列功能。本文采用PLC作为控制器来控制暖风机。这种程控器具有适应性强、抗干扰能力强、性能价格比高等特点。针对暖风机的运行特点,结合了模糊控制技术,使暖风机安全运行。
暖风机的加热对象是大惯性、纯滞后的系统,很难建立其精确的数学模型。模糊控制技术不用建立控制对象的数学模型,可根据熟练操作人员对被控系统的控制经验或专家的知识为依据设计出控制器,实现对系统的快速并且稳定的控制。因此,本文以专家调整的经验为基础,设计出模糊自整定控制器。
监控计算机与PLC的数据通信采用MODBUS协议,实现对各个暖风机的状态监控和远程控制。并利用VB设计出良好的监控界面和通信程序。
Warm air heater is a kind of heating equipment which burns light diesel oil or natural gas to provide warm air for tents rooms or field hospital. The main parts are burner and heat exchange system .
The burner is a kind of high-tech electromechanical products, it was widely applied in industries such as electric power, petroleum, ferrous metallurgy, and so on. The burner is the important part of the heater system. And it is the greatest dissipative element. Now the cleaning fuel is encouraged in the whole world because of the air pollution and energy shortage. The burner must obey a sequence to work, burn, and flameout. The controller is the most important part. It makes the burner work in series and performs some functions. In this paper choose PLC to be the controller. This kind of controller has good features that good adaptability, anti-interference, cost performance. The control system adopted fuzzy control technique , it can make the burner work safely and efficiently.
The control of warm air heater is complex, nonlinear, and time-varying. It is difficult to build the math model for the control object, and even can not build. The fuzzy control does not need the math model of object. It utilizes the experiences of experts or the skilled worker to fulfill the better control. So design self-tuning fuzzy PID controller. The subroutines of the control system are designed finally.
This paper uses MODBUS protocol to build communication between computer and PLC, so surveillance each of warm air heater's state and control them.
引文
[1]李俊.高原燃油暖风机的研制.使用节能技术,2005.7
[2]王林丰.带新型风门控制装置的轻油燃烧器.工业锅炉,2001.4
[3]黄思明.国外全自动燃油燃气燃烧器现状及发展趋势.热能动力工程,2001.9
[4]易磊,龚金科.全自动轻油燃烧器的设计与分析.工业加热,2004
[5]百通ST146/2燃烧器使用说明书,2001
[6]陈树义.燃料燃烧及燃烧装置.冶金工业出版社,1995
[7]总后卫生装备研究所内部资料,1995
[8]刘军,苏清祖.根据排放成分确定空燃比的研究.内燃机学报,2000:(18)309-314
[9]张付军,黄英.氧传感器参考电平自适应空燃比闭环控制方法研究.内燃机工程,2002:(23)68-75
[10]冯春.加热炉燃烧过程智能优化控制策略的研究.中南大学,2007
[11]王林丰.带新型风门控制装置的轻油燃烧机.工业锅炉,2001:46-47
[12]王智伟.变地域燃油暖风机热力性能及结构优化研究.西安建筑科技大学
[13]王智伟,顾瑞英.燃油暖风机热力计算及其性能影响因素分析.西安科技学报,2003:433-436
[14]王智伟,顾瑞英.燃油暖风机的计算机仿真.西安建筑科技大学学报,2002:454-457
[15]王勇,杨诗玉.浅谈加热炉风机的风量.调节中国设备工程,2002:43-44
[16]唐贤军,金立坤,陈均,付欣欣.热风炉助燃风机变频调速技术的应用.节能技术,2003(3)191-193
[17]罗贵隆.变频调速在风机中的应用.建材技术与应用,2004:17-19
[18]戴冠秀,吴光林.风机采用变频调速的节能分析.能源与环境,2005:33-35
[19]永宏可编程控制器使用手册Ⅰ,Ⅱ.台湾:永宏电机股份有限公司
[20]冯杰.初探PID过程控制.中国工控网,2004.11
[21]樊国平.智能PID控制系统的设计与研究.浙江工业大学硕士学位论文,2005.8
[22]ZieglerJ.G and Nichols N.B.Optimum Setings for automatic controllers.Trans.ASME,194264:759-768
[23]Lordon L.Tuning of PID controllers the non-symmetrical optimum method Automata,1997,33(i):103-107
[24]张娜,田小建,罗清龙等.半导体激光器恒温系统PI控制部件的设计.吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2003:21(2):24-27
[25]王正林,郭阳宽.工程控制与simulink应用.电子工业出版社,2006:52-75
[26]邹德增.PLC控制系统中的抗干扰分析及措施.机械研究与应用.2007.3(20)
[27]Costa Branco P J,Dente J A.Fuzzy systems modeling in practice.Fuzzy Sets and systems,2001(1):73-93
[28]李士勇.模糊控制、神经控制和智能控制.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1996
[29]冯冬青.模糊智能控制.北京:化学工业出版社,2000,4-7
[30]Zadeh LA.Fuzzy Sets.Informat Control.1965,8338-353
[31]Mandani E H.Application of Fuzzy Alyorilhms for simple Dynamic Plant.Proc.IEEE.1974,121:1585-1588
[32]Zadeh L.A.Outline of a New Approach to Analysis Complex Systems and Decision Processes.IEEE Trans.Syst.Man and Cyberm.1973.3
[33]窦振中.模糊逻辑控制及其应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995.7
[34]陶永华,尹怡欣,葛卢生新型控制及其应用第一版.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[35]Huang S,Nelson R M.Development of a self-tuning Fuzzy Logic controller.ASHRAE Transactions Research,1999:206-213
[36]张宪青,李修仁.用VB6.0实现PLC与上位机串行通讯及实时曲线显示.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2005
[37]邹德增.PLC控制系统中的抗干扰分析及措施.机械研究与应用.2007.3
[38]李敬兆,汤文兵.PLC实现的模糊控制器及在高浓度啤酒稀释系统中的应用.工业控制计算机,2006:78-79
[39]张万忠,刘明.电器与PLC控制技术.北京化学工业出版社,2003:152-154
[40]程周.PLC技术与应用.福建科学技术出版社,2004:31-35
[2]王林丰.带新型风门控制装置的轻油燃烧器.工业锅炉,2001.4
[3]黄思明.国外全自动燃油燃气燃烧器现状及发展趋势.热能动力工程,2001.9
[4]易磊,龚金科.全自动轻油燃烧器的设计与分析.工业加热,2004
[5]百通ST146/2燃烧器使用说明书,2001
[6]陈树义.燃料燃烧及燃烧装置.冶金工业出版社,1995
[7]总后卫生装备研究所内部资料,1995
[8]刘军,苏清祖.根据排放成分确定空燃比的研究.内燃机学报,2000:(18)309-314
[9]张付军,黄英.氧传感器参考电平自适应空燃比闭环控制方法研究.内燃机工程,2002:(23)68-75
[10]冯春.加热炉燃烧过程智能优化控制策略的研究.中南大学,2007
[11]王林丰.带新型风门控制装置的轻油燃烧机.工业锅炉,2001:46-47
[12]王智伟.变地域燃油暖风机热力性能及结构优化研究.西安建筑科技大学
[13]王智伟,顾瑞英.燃油暖风机热力计算及其性能影响因素分析.西安科技学报,2003:433-436
[14]王智伟,顾瑞英.燃油暖风机的计算机仿真.西安建筑科技大学学报,2002:454-457
[15]王勇,杨诗玉.浅谈加热炉风机的风量.调节中国设备工程,2002:43-44
[16]唐贤军,金立坤,陈均,付欣欣.热风炉助燃风机变频调速技术的应用.节能技术,2003(3)191-193
[17]罗贵隆.变频调速在风机中的应用.建材技术与应用,2004:17-19
[18]戴冠秀,吴光林.风机采用变频调速的节能分析.能源与环境,2005:33-35
[19]永宏可编程控制器使用手册Ⅰ,Ⅱ.台湾:永宏电机股份有限公司
[20]冯杰.初探PID过程控制.中国工控网,2004.11
[21]樊国平.智能PID控制系统的设计与研究.浙江工业大学硕士学位论文,2005.8
[22]ZieglerJ.G and Nichols N.B.Optimum Setings for automatic controllers.Trans.ASME,194264:759-768
[23]Lordon L.Tuning of PID controllers the non-symmetrical optimum method Automata,1997,33(i):103-107
[24]张娜,田小建,罗清龙等.半导体激光器恒温系统PI控制部件的设计.吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2003:21(2):24-27
[25]王正林,郭阳宽.工程控制与simulink应用.电子工业出版社,2006:52-75
[26]邹德增.PLC控制系统中的抗干扰分析及措施.机械研究与应用.2007.3(20)
[27]Costa Branco P J,Dente J A.Fuzzy systems modeling in practice.Fuzzy Sets and systems,2001(1):73-93
[28]李士勇.模糊控制、神经控制和智能控制.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1996
[29]冯冬青.模糊智能控制.北京:化学工业出版社,2000,4-7
[30]Zadeh LA.Fuzzy Sets.Informat Control.1965,8338-353
[31]Mandani E H.Application of Fuzzy Alyorilhms for simple Dynamic Plant.Proc.IEEE.1974,121:1585-1588
[32]Zadeh L.A.Outline of a New Approach to Analysis Complex Systems and Decision Processes.IEEE Trans.Syst.Man and Cyberm.1973.3
[33]窦振中.模糊逻辑控制及其应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995.7
[34]陶永华,尹怡欣,葛卢生新型控制及其应用第一版.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[35]Huang S,Nelson R M.Development of a self-tuning Fuzzy Logic controller.ASHRAE Transactions Research,1999:206-213
[36]张宪青,李修仁.用VB6.0实现PLC与上位机串行通讯及实时曲线显示.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2005
[37]邹德增.PLC控制系统中的抗干扰分析及措施.机械研究与应用.2007.3
[38]李敬兆,汤文兵.PLC实现的模糊控制器及在高浓度啤酒稀释系统中的应用.工业控制计算机,2006:78-79
[39]张万忠,刘明.电器与PLC控制技术.北京化学工业出版社,2003:152-154
[40]程周.PLC技术与应用.福建科学技术出版社,2004:31-35