基于无线令牌的公交管理系统及电子站牌开发
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摘要
公交管理系统主要由管理中心、电子站牌和公交车车载终端等三个部分组成，通过利用无线通信技术、计算机控制技术、GIS技术以及数据库等多种信息技术，有机地将公交车、候车乘客、电子站牌和管理中心有机的结合在一起，为广大乘客提供实时车辆到站预报、公交管理以及天气预报、政府公告等实用周到的信息服务，大大提高了公交运营效率和管理水平。
通过对现有的正在研制的几种公交网络的优缺点进行分析，在不影响系统功能的前提下，提出了一套基于无线令牌的公交管理系统的设计。该系统通过射频传输技术，实现了公交车与电子站牌、电子站牌与管理中心之间的双向数据交换。以射频方式实现的公交管理系统不需要借用专用网络，自行组网，自行设置通信协议，不仅可以极大地降低数据传输的费用，而且使得系统结构简单。为了避免系统中的各个无线终端产生同频干扰，我们运用了无线令牌环技术(WTRP)以及时分复用技术，保证了在一定区域内只有一个无线终端在使用信道。
本文主要完成了整个系统通信网络的构建、电子站牌的软硬件设计和管理中心的软件开发工作。系统通信网络的构建包括系统组成、数据采集和传输方法、通信协议的制定以及无线通信差错控制技术；电子站牌部分主要完成了基于单片机的硬件电路设计，通过C语言编制的软件程序支持，实现了丰富的显示和数据处理功能；管理中心系统软件的开发从需求分析入手，利用MapX组件在Visual C++开发环境下实现了公交车辆管理、信息查询、统计分析、图形显示等功能；
Public traffic management system is mainly composed of the management center, the electronic station board, the bus terminal. It utilizes many kinds of information technologies such as wireless communication, computer control technology, GIS technology and database. The bus, the waiting passenger, the electronic station board and the management center unifies in together, it provides the real-time information for the coming bus and the practical information service, such as public transportation management, the weather forecast and the government announcement information, greatly enhancing the public transportation operation efficiency and the management level.
A way of design is brought forward about public traffic management system based on wireless token in this paper, compared to some advantages and disadvantages of researching public traffic networks. The system based on radio transportation realizes wireless data switch between the bus and the electronic station board, and between the electronic station board and the management center, it needn't apply special network, but constitutes network and setup communication protocol by itself, so that the cost about communication of data can be decreased at large, and makes the construction of system become simple. In this system the wireless token ring and TDM were used for avoiding the same frequency's disturbance and have assured only one wireless terminal made use of channel in the fixed area.
This paper mainly completes the construction of system's communication network, the software and hardware design of electronic station board, and the software development of management center. The part of communication network accomplishes composition of system, the way of data collection and transmission, the establishment of communication proctocol and error control technology on wireless communication. The part of electronic station board accomplishes the display and data processing function by hardware design based on microcontroller and programmed by C language. The software development of management center is started from the analysis of system requirement, through MapX control in the environment of VC and combines with GIS and database technology, the system realizes intelligent management of bus, information query, statistical analysis and display function.
通过对现有的正在研制的几种公交网络的优缺点进行分析，在不影响系统功能的前提下，提出了一套基于无线令牌的公交管理系统的设计。该系统通过射频传输技术，实现了公交车与电子站牌、电子站牌与管理中心之间的双向数据交换。以射频方式实现的公交管理系统不需要借用专用网络，自行组网，自行设置通信协议，不仅可以极大地降低数据传输的费用，而且使得系统结构简单。为了避免系统中的各个无线终端产生同频干扰，我们运用了无线令牌环技术(WTRP)以及时分复用技术，保证了在一定区域内只有一个无线终端在使用信道。
本文主要完成了整个系统通信网络的构建、电子站牌的软硬件设计和管理中心的软件开发工作。系统通信网络的构建包括系统组成、数据采集和传输方法、通信协议的制定以及无线通信差错控制技术；电子站牌部分主要完成了基于单片机的硬件电路设计，通过C语言编制的软件程序支持，实现了丰富的显示和数据处理功能；管理中心系统软件的开发从需求分析入手，利用MapX组件在Visual C++开发环境下实现了公交车辆管理、信息查询、统计分析、图形显示等功能；
Public traffic management system is mainly composed of the management center, the electronic station board, the bus terminal. It utilizes many kinds of information technologies such as wireless communication, computer control technology, GIS technology and database. The bus, the waiting passenger, the electronic station board and the management center unifies in together, it provides the real-time information for the coming bus and the practical information service, such as public transportation management, the weather forecast and the government announcement information, greatly enhancing the public transportation operation efficiency and the management level.
A way of design is brought forward about public traffic management system based on wireless token in this paper, compared to some advantages and disadvantages of researching public traffic networks. The system based on radio transportation realizes wireless data switch between the bus and the electronic station board, and between the electronic station board and the management center, it needn't apply special network, but constitutes network and setup communication protocol by itself, so that the cost about communication of data can be decreased at large, and makes the construction of system become simple. In this system the wireless token ring and TDM were used for avoiding the same frequency's disturbance and have assured only one wireless terminal made use of channel in the fixed area.
This paper mainly completes the construction of system's communication network, the software and hardware design of electronic station board, and the software development of management center. The part of communication network accomplishes composition of system, the way of data collection and transmission, the establishment of communication proctocol and error control technology on wireless communication. The part of electronic station board accomplishes the display and data processing function by hardware design based on microcontroller and programmed by C language. The software development of management center is started from the analysis of system requirement, through MapX control in the environment of VC and combines with GIS and database technology, the system realizes intelligent management of bus, information query, statistical analysis and display function.
引文
[1] 吴小强，李鹏，曲卫民．智能交通系统研究回顾与展望．国外公路．2000，20(4)：36-40．
[2] 石友服．美国智能交通的发展现状及规划．交通世界．2002，10(8)：34-36．
[3] Imad Nassereddine. Toronto-transportation systems for the 21st century. ITE Journal. 1998, 68 (5) : 23-26.
[4] 石友服．可持续发展社会条件下日本的交通环境和政策．交通世界．2004，10(4)：38-41．
[5] Kanafani A, Khattak A, Crotty Met al. A Planning Methodology for Intelligent Urban Transportation System. Transpn. Res. 1994:197-215.
[6] Lee D, Attias R, Puri Aet al.A Wireless Token Ring Protocol for Intelligent Transportation Systems, in IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Proceedings, 2001.
[7] 罗惠琼，杨国渝．无线网中采用令牌环操作机制研究[J]．电信科学．1997，13(3)：32-34．
[8] Ergen M, hee D, Attias R et al, Wireless Token Ring protocol, in SCI, Orlando, July 2002.
[9] 陈德荣，吴宁．集群通信系统．电信科学．1994，10(6)：59-60．
[10] 张迎华，赵刚，孙建明等．GPRS无线业务的研究及应用．计算机与信息技术．2007，(7)：59-62．
[11] 雷建军，夏英．基于GPRS和GPS的公交车辆定位系统设计．四川测绘．2004，27(3)：102-104．
[12] 赵坤．公交导航系统专用无线通信协议的研究：(硕士学位论文)．黑龙江：哈尔滨工业大学．2005．
[13] D21DM／D21DH无线数传模块使用说明V4．3．北京捷麦通讯器材有限公司．2003．
[14] 程云长，陈学明．D21DL控制命令及其用法．北京：北京捷麦通讯器材有限公司，2002．
[15] 刁宇静．自动抄表系统的无线智能水表的研究：(硕士学位论文)．广东：华南理工大学．2004．
[16] F29DM无线数传模块使用说明V1．1．北京捷麦通讯器材有限公司．2003．
[17] 韦日华，张春，王志华．一种点对多点无线数据传输系统的设计．电讯技术．2003，(4)．29-33．
[18] Ken_lchi L, Jun M. Channel coding algorithm simulating the random coding. IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences. 2004, (6):1576-1582.
[19] 郭梯云，刘增基．数据传输．北京：人民邮电出版社，1987：118-120．
[20] Boulgouris N V, Thomos N, Strintzis M G. Image transmission using error-resilient wavelet coding and forward error correction. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. 2002,3:549-552.
[21] Shooman M L. The reliability of error correcting code implementations. Proceedings of the Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium. 1996:148-155.
[22] 常晓明，潘卫华，王建东．CRC校验及其软件实现．电子技术应用．1995，(6)：32-38．
[23] Bose B, A1-Bassam S A. On systematic single asymmetric error-correcting codes Information Theory. IEEE Transactions on. 2000,46(2):669-672.
[24] W77E58 Datasheet. Winbond Electronics Corporation. March, 1999.
[25] 王小平，梁立新．单片机应用中快速建立小字库的方法．单片机与嵌入式系统应用．2001，(8)：76-76．
[26] 王宏民．LED点阵显示屏驱动方案．黑龙江电子技术．1999，(5)：1-2．
[27] 谢宋和，邓璐娟．单片机在LED显示屏中的应用．电子与自动化．1998，(4)：31-33．
[28] 艾文忠，翟玉文，郑宝华．LED图文显示屏的设计与实现．吉林化工学院学报．2001，18(3)：44-45．
[29] 孙陆梅，任景龙，何井彪．LED点阵电力参数实时显示屏设计．吉林化工学院学报．2002，19(1)：45-47．
[30] SGS-Thomson Microelectronics. Eight Darlington Arrays. September, 1997.
[31] 李爱武，陈光大，刘湘明．Flash存储器在TMS320C3x系统中的应用．单片机与嵌入式系统应用．2003，(6)：43-45．
[32] DS1302 Trickle Charge Timekeeping chip. HTTP://www.maxim-ic.com.
[33] 张文诗．数字地图及应用．解放军测绘学院学报．1994，11(1)：58-61．
[34] 朱光，季晓燕，戎兵．地理信息系统基本原理与应用．北京：测绘出版社，1997．
[35] 刘光，刘小东．地理信息系统二次开发实例教程．北京：清华大学出版社，2004．
[36] 求是科技，谭思亮，邹超群．Visual C++串口通信工程开发实例导航．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．
[37] 宋朝坤，李伟明，刘锐宁．Visual C++数据库系统开发案例精选．北京：人民邮电出版社，2006．
[38] MapInfo Corporation. Map Basic Reference Guide. MapInfo Corporation, 1997.
[39] 黄继敏，李跃鹏，范耀祖．MapX在北京市公交抢修车辆调度系统中的应用．交通运输系统工程与信息，2002．2(4)：40-43．
[40] 王世东，陈魁奎．基于MapX的地理信息系统应用软件的开发．电脑学习，2004(4)：1-3．
[41] 王怀光，石志勇．基于MapX控件的车辆导航系统的开发．计算机时代，2004(9)：26-28．
[2] 石友服．美国智能交通的发展现状及规划．交通世界．2002，10(8)：34-36．
[3] Imad Nassereddine. Toronto-transportation systems for the 21st century. ITE Journal. 1998, 68 (5) : 23-26.
[4] 石友服．可持续发展社会条件下日本的交通环境和政策．交通世界．2004，10(4)：38-41．
[5] Kanafani A, Khattak A, Crotty Met al. A Planning Methodology for Intelligent Urban Transportation System. Transpn. Res. 1994:197-215.
[6] Lee D, Attias R, Puri Aet al.A Wireless Token Ring Protocol for Intelligent Transportation Systems, in IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Proceedings, 2001.
[7] 罗惠琼，杨国渝．无线网中采用令牌环操作机制研究[J]．电信科学．1997，13(3)：32-34．
[8] Ergen M, hee D, Attias R et al, Wireless Token Ring protocol, in SCI, Orlando, July 2002.
[9] 陈德荣，吴宁．集群通信系统．电信科学．1994，10(6)：59-60．
[10] 张迎华，赵刚，孙建明等．GPRS无线业务的研究及应用．计算机与信息技术．2007，(7)：59-62．
[11] 雷建军，夏英．基于GPRS和GPS的公交车辆定位系统设计．四川测绘．2004，27(3)：102-104．
[12] 赵坤．公交导航系统专用无线通信协议的研究：(硕士学位论文)．黑龙江：哈尔滨工业大学．2005．
[13] D21DM／D21DH无线数传模块使用说明V4．3．北京捷麦通讯器材有限公司．2003．
[14] 程云长，陈学明．D21DL控制命令及其用法．北京：北京捷麦通讯器材有限公司，2002．
[15] 刁宇静．自动抄表系统的无线智能水表的研究：(硕士学位论文)．广东：华南理工大学．2004．
[16] F29DM无线数传模块使用说明V1．1．北京捷麦通讯器材有限公司．2003．
[17] 韦日华，张春，王志华．一种点对多点无线数据传输系统的设计．电讯技术．2003，(4)．29-33．
[18] Ken_lchi L, Jun M. Channel coding algorithm simulating the random coding. IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences. 2004, (6):1576-1582.
[19] 郭梯云，刘增基．数据传输．北京：人民邮电出版社，1987：118-120．
[20] Boulgouris N V, Thomos N, Strintzis M G. Image transmission using error-resilient wavelet coding and forward error correction. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. 2002,3:549-552.
[21] Shooman M L. The reliability of error correcting code implementations. Proceedings of the Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium. 1996:148-155.
[22] 常晓明，潘卫华，王建东．CRC校验及其软件实现．电子技术应用．1995，(6)：32-38．
[23] Bose B, A1-Bassam S A. On systematic single asymmetric error-correcting codes Information Theory. IEEE Transactions on. 2000,46(2):669-672.
[24] W77E58 Datasheet. Winbond Electronics Corporation. March, 1999.
[25] 王小平，梁立新．单片机应用中快速建立小字库的方法．单片机与嵌入式系统应用．2001，(8)：76-76．
[26] 王宏民．LED点阵显示屏驱动方案．黑龙江电子技术．1999，(5)：1-2．
[27] 谢宋和，邓璐娟．单片机在LED显示屏中的应用．电子与自动化．1998，(4)：31-33．
[28] 艾文忠，翟玉文，郑宝华．LED图文显示屏的设计与实现．吉林化工学院学报．2001，18(3)：44-45．
[29] 孙陆梅，任景龙，何井彪．LED点阵电力参数实时显示屏设计．吉林化工学院学报．2002，19(1)：45-47．
[30] SGS-Thomson Microelectronics. Eight Darlington Arrays. September, 1997.
[31] 李爱武，陈光大，刘湘明．Flash存储器在TMS320C3x系统中的应用．单片机与嵌入式系统应用．2003，(6)：43-45．
[32] DS1302 Trickle Charge Timekeeping chip. HTTP://www.maxim-ic.com.
[33] 张文诗．数字地图及应用．解放军测绘学院学报．1994，11(1)：58-61．
[34] 朱光，季晓燕，戎兵．地理信息系统基本原理与应用．北京：测绘出版社，1997．
[35] 刘光，刘小东．地理信息系统二次开发实例教程．北京：清华大学出版社，2004．
[36] 求是科技，谭思亮，邹超群．Visual C++串口通信工程开发实例导航．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．
[37] 宋朝坤，李伟明，刘锐宁．Visual C++数据库系统开发案例精选．北京：人民邮电出版社，2006．
[38] MapInfo Corporation. Map Basic Reference Guide. MapInfo Corporation, 1997.
[39] 黄继敏，李跃鹏，范耀祖．MapX在北京市公交抢修车辆调度系统中的应用．交通运输系统工程与信息，2002．2(4)：40-43．
[40] 王世东，陈魁奎．基于MapX的地理信息系统应用软件的开发．电脑学习，2004(4)：1-3．
[41] 王怀光，石志勇．基于MapX控件的车辆导航系统的开发．计算机时代，2004(9)：26-28．