曲流河储层构型分析与剩余油分布模式研究
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摘要
我国六、七十年代开发的主力油田(包括孤岛油田),大部分已进入高或特高含水采油阶段,但采收率相对较低,一般为30%左右,而相当数量的剩余油以不同规模、不同形式分布于长期水驱后的油藏中。由于地下流体流动受到储层构型(点坝内部泥质侧积层)的控制,剩余油分布特征表现为总体分散、局部集中,这样地下储层构型及其控制的剩余油分布模式研究显得至关重要。本文以孤岛油田馆陶组为例,采用“层次分析”与“模式拟合”的研究思路,对曲流河储层内部构型进行深入解剖,并形成一套系统的地下曲流河储层内部构型分析方法,进而总结曲流河不同规模构型要素控制的剩余油分布模式,以指导其它相似油田的精细储层研究,这不仅对油田开发后期剩余油分布预测具有很大的实际意义,而且对储层地质学的学科发展具有较大的理论意义。
论文以高分辨率层序地层学为指导,在对比过程中同时考虑等时切片、河道下切与砂体叠置、侧向相变等因素,建立了精细等时地层格架,并在格架内对研究区小层及单层进行了地层对比。在精细地层对比的基础上,以现代沉积及露头原型模型为指导,分四个层次(复合河道、单河道、点坝及点坝内部侧积体)对研究区储层构型进行详细解剖。研究表明,孤岛油田馆陶组上段Ng3～4砂层组为曲流河沉积,横向上复合河道砂体分布包括三种,即单一条带状、交织条带状及连片砂体,每种类型砂体均有不同的平面相变特征。
提出了一套综合识别废弃河道、确定单河道规模及单河道划分的研究方法,在复合河道砂体内部,采用“砂顶相对深度法”研究废弃河道分布,并应用密井网区测井资料识别单河道砂体规模,进而在单河道空间组合模式指导下,采用“相邻相似”原则对四种单河道边界点进行合理组合。
提出了一套识别点坝及解剖点坝内部构型的方法,根据嫩江月亮泡曲流河段卫星照片首次推算出点坝长度与河流满岸宽度的关系,并依据废弃河道形态、砂体厚度趋势及垂向层序识别点坝,进而应用经验公式、水平井、概念模型数值模拟、小井距资料确定侧积体、侧积层规模及产状,指导重点井区点坝内部构型分析,最终建立了典型井区储层构型三维模型。
在储层构型研究和动态分析的基础上,建立了不同规模储层构型要素(复合河道、单河道、点坝内部结构)控制的剩余油分布模式,并对实际地质模型及概念模型进行了油藏数值模拟,重点分析了点坝泥质侧积层对剩余油分布的控制作用,指出了点坝内部剩余油的挖潜方向。
Many major oilfields in China including Gudao oilfield which were discovered in 1960s and 1970s, have been at high water-cut stage, but oil recovery is comparatively low, about 30 percent. And prolific remaining oil with different scale and form distributes in the long term water flooded reservoirs. The remaining oil generally distributed with accumulation in certain areas, controlled by the reservoir architecture that mainly is the lateral accretion sandwich in the point bar, so the study of reservoir architecture and the remaining oil distribution pattern controlled by architecture are very significant. In this paper, taking the Guantao formation of Gudao oilfield as a case, using the method of scale analysis and model fitting, the architecture of the meandering river reservoir is precisely anatomized, the systemic analyzing method of fluvial reservoir inner architecture is established, and the remaining oil distribution patterns controlled by the different hierarchy architecture are summarized, which will help to study the characteristics of the simillar reservoir in the other oil fields. Not only is the study significant to the remaining oil forecasting of the middle and later production stage, but also it is important for the theory development of reservoir geology.
With the knowledge of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, taking many factors into account, such as isochronous slice, degradation of stream, sand bodies stacking and lateral alternation of micro-facies, an accurate sequence frame was established. On the basis of high-resolution stratigraphic correlation, single layer and oil sand body are correlated within this frame, taking modern deposition and outcrop study as a guidance, four architecture hierarchies, composite channel, single channels, point bars and lateral accretion sandbody are identified, The result indicates that No.3 and No.4 sand group in upper Guantao Formation of Gangdao oilfield are dominated by meandering river deposition, including three types of sand bodies,single channel, anabranched channel and flaky sand body, and each of them has different characteristics of facies variation laterally.
In the stacked channel sand, abandoned channel is identified by adopting the method of relative depth of sand top, the scale of single channel sand is recognized by using log data of dense spacing wells. Then, guided by the spatial combination model of the single channel, the four kinds of single channel boundary is reasonably combined using " adjacent is similar "rule.
According to Satellite pictures of meander river, Yueliang Pao, Nenjiang River, the relation between the length of point bar and bankfull width is calculated, which is first presented in the world. According to the shape of abandoned channel, the trend of sand body thickness and vertical sequence, the point bar is recognized. Based on empirical formula, horizontal well, numerical simulation of concept model and data of dense spacing wells, scale and dip strike of lateral accretion sandbody are ascertained, reservoir architecture of the point bar in key well area is anatomized, and three-dimensional reservoir architecture model is set up precisely.
On the basis of architecture anatomy and dynamic data analysis, remaining oil distribution patterns controlled by different hierarchy architecture units, stacked channel, single channel and inner architecture of point bar, are summarized. With the study of numerical reservoir simulation of practical and conceptual model, muddy lateral accretion sandwich, as a controlling factor of remaining oil distribution, is analyzed in detail.
论文以高分辨率层序地层学为指导,在对比过程中同时考虑等时切片、河道下切与砂体叠置、侧向相变等因素,建立了精细等时地层格架,并在格架内对研究区小层及单层进行了地层对比。在精细地层对比的基础上,以现代沉积及露头原型模型为指导,分四个层次(复合河道、单河道、点坝及点坝内部侧积体)对研究区储层构型进行详细解剖。研究表明,孤岛油田馆陶组上段Ng3～4砂层组为曲流河沉积,横向上复合河道砂体分布包括三种,即单一条带状、交织条带状及连片砂体,每种类型砂体均有不同的平面相变特征。
提出了一套综合识别废弃河道、确定单河道规模及单河道划分的研究方法,在复合河道砂体内部,采用“砂顶相对深度法”研究废弃河道分布,并应用密井网区测井资料识别单河道砂体规模,进而在单河道空间组合模式指导下,采用“相邻相似”原则对四种单河道边界点进行合理组合。
提出了一套识别点坝及解剖点坝内部构型的方法,根据嫩江月亮泡曲流河段卫星照片首次推算出点坝长度与河流满岸宽度的关系,并依据废弃河道形态、砂体厚度趋势及垂向层序识别点坝,进而应用经验公式、水平井、概念模型数值模拟、小井距资料确定侧积体、侧积层规模及产状,指导重点井区点坝内部构型分析,最终建立了典型井区储层构型三维模型。
在储层构型研究和动态分析的基础上,建立了不同规模储层构型要素(复合河道、单河道、点坝内部结构)控制的剩余油分布模式,并对实际地质模型及概念模型进行了油藏数值模拟,重点分析了点坝泥质侧积层对剩余油分布的控制作用,指出了点坝内部剩余油的挖潜方向。
Many major oilfields in China including Gudao oilfield which were discovered in 1960s and 1970s, have been at high water-cut stage, but oil recovery is comparatively low, about 30 percent. And prolific remaining oil with different scale and form distributes in the long term water flooded reservoirs. The remaining oil generally distributed with accumulation in certain areas, controlled by the reservoir architecture that mainly is the lateral accretion sandwich in the point bar, so the study of reservoir architecture and the remaining oil distribution pattern controlled by architecture are very significant. In this paper, taking the Guantao formation of Gudao oilfield as a case, using the method of scale analysis and model fitting, the architecture of the meandering river reservoir is precisely anatomized, the systemic analyzing method of fluvial reservoir inner architecture is established, and the remaining oil distribution patterns controlled by the different hierarchy architecture are summarized, which will help to study the characteristics of the simillar reservoir in the other oil fields. Not only is the study significant to the remaining oil forecasting of the middle and later production stage, but also it is important for the theory development of reservoir geology.
With the knowledge of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, taking many factors into account, such as isochronous slice, degradation of stream, sand bodies stacking and lateral alternation of micro-facies, an accurate sequence frame was established. On the basis of high-resolution stratigraphic correlation, single layer and oil sand body are correlated within this frame, taking modern deposition and outcrop study as a guidance, four architecture hierarchies, composite channel, single channels, point bars and lateral accretion sandbody are identified, The result indicates that No.3 and No.4 sand group in upper Guantao Formation of Gangdao oilfield are dominated by meandering river deposition, including three types of sand bodies,single channel, anabranched channel and flaky sand body, and each of them has different characteristics of facies variation laterally.
In the stacked channel sand, abandoned channel is identified by adopting the method of relative depth of sand top, the scale of single channel sand is recognized by using log data of dense spacing wells. Then, guided by the spatial combination model of the single channel, the four kinds of single channel boundary is reasonably combined using " adjacent is similar "rule.
According to Satellite pictures of meander river, Yueliang Pao, Nenjiang River, the relation between the length of point bar and bankfull width is calculated, which is first presented in the world. According to the shape of abandoned channel, the trend of sand body thickness and vertical sequence, the point bar is recognized. Based on empirical formula, horizontal well, numerical simulation of concept model and data of dense spacing wells, scale and dip strike of lateral accretion sandbody are ascertained, reservoir architecture of the point bar in key well area is anatomized, and three-dimensional reservoir architecture model is set up precisely.
On the basis of architecture anatomy and dynamic data analysis, remaining oil distribution patterns controlled by different hierarchy architecture units, stacked channel, single channel and inner architecture of point bar, are summarized. With the study of numerical reservoir simulation of practical and conceptual model, muddy lateral accretion sandwich, as a controlling factor of remaining oil distribution, is analyzed in detail.
引文
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